Gastric Cancer Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Stomach cancer is a serious threat to global health as it is the world's third leading cause of death from cancer. The major risk behind this disease is that it remains asymptomatic in the early stages. In this study, serum catenin-δ δ δ... more

Stomach cancer is a serious threat to global health as it is the world's third leading cause of death from cancer. The major risk behind this disease is that it remains asymptomatic in the early stages. In this study, serum catenin-δ δ δ δ δ-1 (also known as δ δ δ δ δ-catenin), carcinoembryonic antigen CEA and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 CA 19-9 were measured in 70 patients; 20 of which were diagnosed with gastric cancer, 20 with gastric ulcer and 30 with gastritis and also in 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. Infection with Helicobacter pylori was diagnosed by histology, rapid urease test (RUT) and serology, which included IgG and IgA antibodies. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the levels of serum δ δ δ δ δ-catenin in patients with gastric cancer compared to the control group as well as gastritis and gastric ulcer patients. A significant increase in the levels of δ δ δ δ δ-catenin was also seen in gastric ulcer and gastritis patients compared to the control group. In addition, a significant increase was seen in δ δ δ δ δ-catenin serum levels in patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer infected with H. pylori compared to the uninfected gastric cancer and gastric ulcer patients. A non-significant increase was observed in the levels of CEA and CA 19-9 in all the patients compared to the control group. The results of the present study suggest that serum δ δ δ δ δcatenin can serve as a potential marker for gastric cancer.

Background In recent years, deep learning has gained remarkable attention in medical image analysis due to its capacity to provide results comparable to specialists and, in some cases, surpass them. Despite the emergence of deep learning... more

Background In recent years, deep learning has gained remarkable attention in medical image analysis due to its capacity to provide results comparable to specialists and, in some cases, surpass them. Despite the emergence of deep learning research on gastric tissues diseases, few intensive reviews are addressing this topic. Method We performed a systematic review related to applications of deep learning in gastric tissue disease analysis by digital histology, endoscopy and radiology images. Conclusions This review highlighted the high potential and shortcomings in deep learning research studies applied to gastric cancer, ulcer, gastritis and non-malignant diseases. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of gastric tissue analysis by deep learning applications. Moreover, we also identified gaps of evaluation metrics, and image collection availability, therefore, impacting experimental reproducibility.

Laparoscopic surgery has been used in the treatment of early gastric cancer with low mortality and morbidity and improvement in patient's quality of life. The purpose of the current study was to determine if these... more

Laparoscopic surgery has been used in the treatment of early gastric cancer with low mortality and morbidity and improvement in patient's quality of life. The purpose of the current study was to determine if these advantages persist after radical laparoscopic treatment of more advanced gastric cancer. A retrospective review of 44 patients after laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer was performed. Tumor stage was IA in 8 patients, IB in 12, II in 9, IIIA in 6, IIIB in 1, and IV in 8. Eight total and 36 subtotal R0 gastrectomies were performed (12 D(1) and 32 D(2)). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 38.1 +/- 21.5. Conversion rate was 7%. Operative mortality and morbidity were 7% and 12%, respectively. Three-year survival was 75%. Laparoscopic radical total or subtotal gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer is a feasible, safe, and oncologically effective procedure.

An increasing number of tumor markers have been discovered to have potential efficacy as diagnostic and prognostic tools in gastric cancer. We aimed to assess putative correlations between claudin 18.2 expression and pathological or... more

An increasing number of tumor markers have been discovered to have potential efficacy as diagnostic and prognostic tools in gastric cancer. We aimed to assess putative correlations between claudin 18.2 expression and pathological or prognosis features in patients with gastric cancer. MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to search for relevant studies from their inception to 30 October 2020. Finally, a total of six articles were included in this meta-analysis. Review Manager 5 software was applied to examine the heterogeneity among the studies and to calculate the odds ratio with 95% CI by selecting corresponding models, in evaluating the strength of the relationship. Publication bias test was also conducted. No bias and no significant correlations were found between CLDN 18.2 and TNM stages, Lauren classification, HER2, grading, or overall survival. This meta-analysis expounded that the relationship with CLDN 18.2 and pathological features depends on the percentage of staining of tumor cells for which CLDN 18.2 is considered positive. Our pooled outcomes suggest that targeted therapy for CLDN 18.2 could be effective if certain criteria were established.

Coexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and reductase was found in human gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed reactivity to P450 reductase in metaplastic epithelial cells and in pyloric... more

Coexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and reductase was found in human gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed reactivity to P450 reductase in metaplastic epithelial cells and in pyloric gland cells in glands showing intestinal metaplasia. These cells exhibit NADPH-diaphorase activity. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis and Western blotting showed that CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 were expressed in specimens with intestinal metaplasia. Tissue distribution of CYP1A1 coincided with that of P450 reductase. However, immunoreactivity to CYP1A2 protein was localized only in the pyloric gland cells near the intestinal metaplastic gland. Salmonella typhimurium mutagen assay definitively revealed that microsomes prepared from gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, in particular in the pyloric gland, functionally activated benzo(a)pyrene and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline. These results indicate that carcinogen activation by CYP enzymes expres...

Multiorgan resection of locally advanced gastric cancer has previously been associated with increased morbidity. This study was performed to determine the actual prevalence of pathologic T4 disease in multiorgan gastric resection... more

Multiorgan resection of locally advanced gastric cancer has previously been associated with increased morbidity. This study was performed to determine the actual prevalence of pathologic T4 disease in multiorgan gastric resection specimens excised for presumed clinical T4 gastric cancer. A prospective oncology database was queried to identify gastric cancer patients who underwent en bloc multiorgan resection for clinical T4 lesions. Four hundred eighteen patients with gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy between 1990 and 2002. Multiorgan resection was performed in 21 of 418 (5%) patients. Multiorgan resection was not associated with a significant increase in morbidity or mortality. Pathologically confirmed T4 disease was present in only 8 of 21 (38%) patients; the pathologic T stage in all remaining patients was T3 (13 [62%]). Fifteen patients were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography scan. Preoperative computed tomography was inaccurate in assessing T4 lesions, with a positive predictive value of only 50%. Multiorgan resection was safely performed in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Pathologic T4 disease was present in only one third of multiorgan resections performed for en bloc excision of locally advanced gastric cancer. Improved methods for intraoperative assessment of disease extension to adjacent viscera should be investigated.

The V325 study showed that docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) prolonged overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced gastric cancer, but with a high incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. We investigated the efficacy and... more

The V325 study showed that docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) prolonged overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced gastric cancer, but with a high incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a modified DCF (mDCF) regimen for Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Untreated advanced gastric cancer patients randomly received docetaxel and cisplatin at 60 mg/m(2) (day 1) followed by fluorouracil at 600 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-5; mDCF regimen) or cisplatin at 75 mg/m(2) (day 1) followed by fluorouracil at 600 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-5; CF) every 3 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary end points were OS, overall response rate (ORR), time-to-treatment failure (TTF), and safety. In total, 243 patients were randomized to treatment (mDCF regimen 121; CF 122). Compared with CF, the mDCF regimen significantly improved PFS and OS: the median PFS was 7.2 and 4.9 months, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, log-rank P = 0.0008], and the median OS was 10.2 and 8.5 months, respectively (HR = 0.71, P = 0.0319). Additionally, the mDCF regimen improved the parameters used as secondary objectives: the ORR was 48.7 % with the mDCF regimen versus 33.9 % with CF (P = 0.0244); the median TTF was 3.4 months with the mDCF regimen and 2.4 months with CF (HR = 0.67, P = 0.0027). Grade 3 and grade 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 77.3 % of patients who received the mDCF regimen versus 46.1 % of patients who received CF (P < 0.001). The mDCF regimen, compared with CF, significantly prolonged PFS and OS and enhanced ORR of Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. The mDCF regimen achieved efficacy comparable to that of DCF but with fewer toxicities, which is appropriate for the Chinese population.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy is a visual examination of the upper intestinal tract using a lighted, flexible fibreoptic or videoscope. Common reasons for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy include ulcers (benign... more

Background: Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy is a visual examination of the upper intestinal tract using a lighted, flexible fibreoptic or videoscope. Common reasons for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy include ulcers (benign and malignant), intestinal bleeding, oesophagitis and heartburn, gastritis etc. This study is therefore to examine the common indications for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy at ECWA hospital, Egbe. Kogi state. Aim: To examine the common indications for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in ECWA hospital, Egbe. Kogi state. Methodology: A review of the indications for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy was undertaken to cover a six-month period from August 2004 to January 2005. The endoscopy register of the operating theatre was examined over this period. The biodata of the patients who underwent the procedure over this period was reviewed. The indications for which they underwent this procedure was also determined. Results: A total of ...

We developed a new method of intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy, the delta-shaped anastomosis, in which only endoscopic linear staplers are used. In this report, we present the short- and long-term outcomes of our initial experience with... more

We developed a new method of intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy, the delta-shaped anastomosis, in which only endoscopic linear staplers are used. In this report, we present the short- and long-term outcomes of our initial experience with this procedure. We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive gastric cancer patients who underwent the delta-shaped anastomosis procedure from May 2001 to November 2006. All of them underwent a laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Quality of life was assessed with a questionnaire 6 months or more postoperatively, and the gastric remnant was evaluated by endoscopy one year following the surgery. Eight surgeons successfully performed the delta-shaped anastomosis without any conversion to laparotomy. The learning curve for all surgeons was steep and the mean time for the anastomosis was 13 min. Only one patient developed an anastomotic leak, and the leak was minor. Sixty-five patients tolerated a 1500 kcal/day soft diet at...

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a class I (definite)... more

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a class I (definite) carcinogen, as H. pylori infection is considered an important trigger in the process of carcinogenesis of both types of distal gastric cancer. Over the last decade, it has been widely reported that the success of H. pylori eradication treatment is falling. Over the last decade, it has been widely reported that the success of H. pylori eradication treatment is falling. Because conventional drug delivery systems do not remain in the stomach for prolonged periods, they are unable to deliver the antibiotics to the site of infection in effective concentrations and in fully active forms. It is therefore necessary to design drug delivery systems that cannot only alleviate the shortcomings of conventional delivery vehicles but also deliver the antimicrobials to the infected cell lines. To improve therapy against H. pylori infection by achieving bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobial agents in the stomach, novel formulations adhering to the gastric mucosa and releasing the drug at the site of infection would be significantly more effective than conventional systemically administered therapies. This review article discusses the role of novel drug delivery systems in stomach specific anti-Helicobacter Pylori Therapy.

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is part of a stepwise sequence of alterations of the gastric mucosa, leading ultimately to gastric cancer, and is strongly associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. The molecular mechanisms... more

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is part of a stepwise sequence of alterations of the gastric mucosa, leading ultimately to gastric cancer, and is strongly associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of IM remain elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the putative involvement of two intestine-specific transcription factors, CDX1 and CDX2, in the pathogenesis of gastric IM and gastric carcinoma. Eighteen foci of IM and 46 cases of gastric carcinoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for CDX1 and CDX2 expression. CDX1 was expressed in all foci of IM and in 41% of gastric carcinomas; CDX2 was expressed in 17/18 foci of IM and in 54% of gastric carcinomas. In gastric carcinomas, a strong association was observed between the expression of CDX1 and CDX2, as well as between the intestinal mucin MUC2 and CDX1 and CDX2. No association was observed between the expression of CDX1 and CDX2 and the histological type of gastric carcinoma. In conclusion, these results show that aberrant expression of CDX1 and CDX2 is consistently observed in IM and in a subset of gastric carcinomas. The association of CDX1 and CDX2 with expression of the intestinal mucin MUC2, both in IM and in gastric carcinoma, indirectly implies that CDX1 and CDX2 may be involved in intestinal differentiation along the gastric carcinogenesis pathway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nitrate is a stable nitrogen (N) species under certain natural conditions and forms highly soluble compounds. These are peculiar features that allow nitrate ion to be transported in some groundwater systems to environments where it can be... more

The majority of newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer have disease that is not resectable because of local extension or metastatic (M1) disease. Laparoscopy is a recommended staging evaluation to identify occult peritoneal... more

The majority of newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer have disease that is not resectable because of local extension or metastatic (M1) disease. Laparoscopy is a recommended staging evaluation to identify occult peritoneal metastatic disease. We determined if endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) could improve the selection of patients for laparoscopy. Gastric cancer patients being screened for a preoperative chemotherapy clinical trial were prospectively examined. Patients underwent standard preoperative assessment. Those without obvious metastatic disease were referred for EUS and laparoscopy. EUS divided patients into risk categories for metastatic disease: low risk (T1-2, N0) and high risk (T3-4, N+, or both). Laparoscopy categories were M1 and M0. The ability of EUS to predict subradiographic peritoneal metastatic disease was evaluated. Ninety-four patients were studied. The majority were EUS high risk (72%). Occult metastatic disease was identified in 19 patients, 18 of whom had ...

The solvent extraction (SE) of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) was studied. A multivariate study based on a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of four major variables affecting the... more

The solvent extraction (SE) of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) was studied. A multivariate study based on a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of four major variables affecting the performance of the SE of garlic essential oil. The yield and the composition of the essential oils from garlic obtained by SE were determined, and compared with those obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Statistical treatment of the results provided by the BBD revealed that the selected parameters, extraction time and extraction temperature, were significant. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Major essential oil components were 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin (31.89%), diallyl trisulfide (13.31%), diallyl sulfide (2.22%), dially disulfide (6.87%), propyl allyl disulfide (13.89%), and dimethyl disulfide (7.05%). Compared with SFE, the yield of essential oil obtained by SE was slightly lower, but major essential oil components were quantitatively similar. Moreover, residual solvent in garlic essential oil was very low (+/CD8+ in serum of gastric cancer rats was determined after administration of garlic essential oil. It can be concluded, that the SE method offers obvious advantages over SFE. Moreover, the results indicated that garlic essential oil may be useful for treatment of patients with inflammatory disease, e.g., gastric cancer.

Manual Merck - Perturbações gastrointestinais

OBJECTIVES: In the clinical practice, We aimed to investigate whether tumor markers CEA , CA125, CA19-9 and CA72-4 can be used to evaluate the response to adjuvant chemotherapy, and to evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis value of 4 tumor... more

OBJECTIVES: In the clinical practice, We aimed to investigate whether tumor markers CEA , CA125, CA19-9 and CA72-4 can be used to evaluate the response to adjuvant chemotherapy, and to evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis value of 4 tumor markers in the patients of gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of 216 gastric cancer patients who underwent a first line cisplatin chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents regimen. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the clinical value of these tumor markers in pred icting the progression free survival and the response to adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Progression occurred in 78 of 216 patients and overall median progression free survival was 5-Months. For serum CEA, the median PFS was 4 versus 7 Months for elevated and normal groups (P = 0.01). The median PFS for normal and elevated CA199 and CA72-4 was 6 versus 4 months (P = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression model elevated pre-treatment level of CEA, CA199 and distant metastases were independent factors associated with increased risk of progression (p = 0.021, p = 0.000, p = 0.006). Furthermore, patients presented with combined three or four elevated tumor markers showed worse prognosis and shorter PFS (p = 0.001). The decrease of tumor markers CEA, CA199 and CA72-4 was significant after adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.006, p= 0.001, p =0.002) especially in the disease control group (CR+ PR+ SD) (p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.002) and in patients using anti-angiogenic agents with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (3-drugs therapy) (CEA, CA199 and CA72-4; p = 0.005, p =0.0006, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggests that elevated pre-treatment level of CEA and CA199 are correlated with high risk of progression and worse prognosis, while the use of anti-angiogenic agents with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy more effective in decreasing tumor markers level after adjuvant chemotherapy.

This is the case report of a man who is diagnosed with gastric carcinoma. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment helped the multidisciplinary team to great positive response from the patient. Nurses are the important person in health care... more

This is the case report of a man who is diagnosed with gastric carcinoma. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment helped the multidisciplinary team to great positive response from the patient. Nurses are the important person in health care of the patients in all aspects such as curative, preventive, rehabilitative to alleviate problems of patients. This nursing case reports will give understanding the approach of nursing care.

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are responsible for tumor initiation, development, metastasis, and recurrence. They play a crucial role in immune evasion, immunomodulation, and impairment of... more

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are responsible for tumor initiation, development, metastasis, and recurrence. They play a crucial role in immune evasion, immunomodulation, and impairment of effector immunity and believed to be emerged to change the balance of the immune system, importantly CD4+ T cells in the chronic inflamed tumor site. However, different subtypes of innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the formation of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment, we would look at T cells in this study. Tumor microenvironment induces differentiation of CD4+ T cells into different subsets of T cells, mainly suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg), and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, although their exact role in tumor immunity is still under debate depending on tumor types and stages. Counterbalance between Th17 and Treg cells in the gastrointestinal system result in the homeostasis and normal function of the immune system, particularly mucosal immunity. Recent data demonstrated a high infiltration of Th17 and Treg cells into the gastric tumor site and proved that tumor microenvironment might disturb the balance between Th17 and Treg. It is possible to assume an association between activation of CSCs which contribute to metastasis in late stages, and the imbalanced Th17/Treg cells observed in advanced gastric cancer patients. This review intends to clarify the importance of gastric tumor microenvironment specifically CSCs in relation to Th17/Tregs balance firstly and to highlight the relevance of imbalanced Th17/Treg subsets in determining the stages and behavior of the tumor secondly. Finally, the present study suggests a clinical approach looking at the plasticity of T cells with a focus on Th17 as a promising dedicated arm in cancer immunotherapy.