LiDAR Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- LiDAR, Confidence intervals, DEM, Geomatic Engineering

Archaeological applications using airborne laser scanning (ALS) are increasing in number. Since the production of ALS-derived digital terrain models (DTM) involves a considerable amount of money, most applications use general purpose ALS data, which are usually cheaper and sometimes even provided for free for scientific applications. The main problem that comes with this kind of data is the frequent lack of meta-information. The archaeologist often does not get the information about original point density, time of flight, instrument used, type of flying platform, filter and DTM generation procedure etc. Therefore, ALS becomes a kind of “black box”, where the derived DTM is used without further knowledge about underlying technology, algorithms, and metadata. Consequently, there is a certain risk that the data used will not be suitable for the archaeological application.
Based on the experience of a two-year project “LiDAR-Supported Archaeological Prospection in Woodland”, the paper will give a review on archaeological ALS, explain its the basic process, demonstrate its potential for landscape archaeology especially in densely forested areas, and draw the attention to some critical parameters of ALS, which should be known to the user. Finally, further issues, which need to be solved in near future, are discussed.

- by Michael Doneus
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- LiDAR, Airborne Laser Scanning, Archaeological Prospection, LiDAR for Forestry

Three dimensional object extraction and recognition (OER) from LIDAR data has been an area of major interest in photogrammetry for quite a long time. However, most of the existing methods for automatic object extraction and recognition from LIDAR data are just based on the range information and employ parametric methods and object’s vagueness behaviour is basically neglected. Thus, these methods do not take into account the extraction and recognition complexities and may fail to reach a satisfied reliability level in complex situations. In this paper a novel approach based on the following strategies is formulated and implemented: (a) for a more comprehensive definition of the objects, information fusion concept is utilized, i.e., object’s descriptive components such as 3D structural and textural (ST) information are automatically extracted from first/last rang and intensity information of LIDAR data and simultaneously fed into the evaluation process, (b) for a more realistic expres...

- by Farhad Samadzadegan
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- Fuzzy Logic, Recognition, LiDAR, Region growing

This thesis develops a 3-D modelling framework that determines exact location and pattern of buildings, detailed information of their roofs, and generate computer-based 3-D building models. The proposed framework has utilisation in a range of applications, such as city planning, disaster management, urban modelling, and virtual reality. In addition, this thesis provides an automated system for large-scale assessment of the solar potential for industrial and govt energy businesses.

- by Ali Naqi Gilani
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- Computer Science, Remote Sensing, LiDAR, Monash University
- by Daniel Muntz
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- Geology, LiDAR, Inca Archaeology, Arqueología

The aim of this project was to assess the feasibility of a photo imaging approach in the assessment of vegetation condition attributes in comparison with the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (QDERM) Vegetation Condition Assessment approach. The project applied both the QDERM BioCondition monitoring method and an alternative photo imaging analysis approach to the assessment of vegetation condition attributes on different regional ecosystems. The study focused on the comparability of results and the cost-effectiveness of the photo imaging approach in comparison to the standard BioCondition assessment method. Six regional ecosystems (RE) sites, of varying structural complexity, were selected for this study. They contained a diverse range of different vegetation attributes. Each site was assessed using both approaches. A low-cost Canon PowerShot SX10 IS camera was used to collect the photographs. It is equipped with a 20x Optical Zoom lens with a focal length...

- by Lucy Richardson
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- Geography, LiDAR, Natural Resource Management, Vegetation Condition
- by Patrick Ponsardin
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- LiDAR

The Lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging) sensor produced by Siemens uses five infrared beams to detect targets up to a distance of approximately 250m. The paper describes the tests witch has been develop using our new software in order to visualize the detected targets. We used our program in the detection of different types of targets, placed at different distances and in different combinations. An important goal was to see how various meteorological conditions affect or do not affect the target detection. Other types of experiments were focused on low visibility conditions, different lighting conditions (natural, artificial, day, night).

- by Georgiana Simion
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- Computer Science, Sensor, LiDAR, Programming

We use two recent Japanese earthquakes to demonstrate the rich potential, as well as some of the challenges, of differencing repeat airborne Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) topographic data to measure coseismic fault zone deformation. We focus on densely-vegetated sections of the 14 June 2008 Iwate–Miyagi (Mw 6.9) and 11 April 2011 Fukushima–Hamadori (Mw 7.1) earthquake ruptures, each covered by 2 m-resolution pre-event and 1 m-resolution post-event bare Earth digital terrain models (DTMs) obtained from commercial lidar providers. Three-dimensional displacements and rotations were extracted from these datasets using an adaptation of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. These displacements remain coherent close to surface fault breaks, as well as within dense forest, despite intervals of ∼2 years (Iwate–Miyagi) and ∼4 years (Fukushima–Hamadori) encompassed by the lidar scenes. Differential lidar analysis is thus complementary to Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and sub-pixel correlation techniques which often break down under conditions of long time intervals, dense vegetation or steep displacement gradients. Although the ICP displacements are much noisier than overlapping InSAR line-of-sight displacements, they still provide powerful constraints on near-surface fault slip. In the Fukushima–Hamadori case, near-fault displacements and rotations are consistent with decreased primary fault slip at very shallow depths of a few tens of meters, helping to account for the large, along-strike heterogeneity in surface offsets observed in the field. This displacement field also captures long-wavelength deformation resulting from the 11 March 2011 Tohoku great earthquake.

- by E. Nissen and +1
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- LiDAR, Seismology, Remote Sensing (Earth Sciences), Earthquake

The article is aimed at presenting a semi-empirical model coded and computed in the programming language Python, which utilizes data gathered with a standard biaxial elastic lidar platform in order to calculate the altitude profiles of the structure coefficients of the atmospheric refraction index C N 2 ( z ) and other associated turbulence parameters. Additionally, the model can be used to calculate the PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) height, and other parameters typically employed in the field of astronomy. Solving the Fernard–Klett inversion by correlating sun-photometer data obtained through our AERONET site with lidar data, it can yield the atmospheric extinction and backscatter profiles α ( z ) and β ( z ) , and thus obtain the atmospheric optical depth. Finally, several theoretical notions of interest that utilize the solved parameters are presented, such as approximated relations between C N 2 ( z ) and the atmospheric temperature profile T ( z ) , and between the scintillati...

- by Alin Rosu
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- Environmental Science, Physics, Remote Sensing, LiDAR

Recent advances in 3D sensing and volumetric data compression are encouraging research efforts to meet the demands for vision guidance of autonomous vehicle. Nowadays, autonomous vehicle technology is successful in a high percentage of common road scenarios. However, new research efforts are required to meet the demands for higher performance. The diversity of traffic scenarios in the urban environment presents great challenges, foremost for videobased environment recognition. Autonomous driving technology and other automated assistance systems process huge amounts of data, thus efficient data compression, storage and retrieval is necessary. Key technologies for autonomous vehicles, i.e. 3D video/Point Cloud compression solutions for camera and LiDAR sensor systems are presented in this paper.

- by Qingming Zhan
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- Architecture, LiDAR, Support Vector Machines, Probability
- by C. Gardner
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- Technology, LiDAR, Multidisciplinary, Models

Page 1. Advanced pixel design for infrared 3D LADAR imaging Fabrice Guellec, Michaël Tchagaspanian Eric de Borniol, Pierre Castelein, André Perez, Johan Rothman CEA Leti – MINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France... more

- by André Perez
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- Engineering, LiDAR, Stereoscopy, Optical Imaging
- by Gabriel Lombardi
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- LiDAR, Atmospheric Turbulence
- by Nannina Spanò
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- Engineering, Archaeological documentation, LiDAR, Feature Extraction
- by Sirma Yavuz
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- Robotics, Embedded Systems, LiDAR, Electrical energy

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a technology that has been used for years with the variety of applications including the production of digital terrain models (DTMs), and high-accuracy mapping. LiDAR offers a very detailed collection of 3-D point clouds of the earth surface which can be used in generating orthophotos. Traditional orthophoto production based on the DTM has to

- by DR ISMAIL MA'AROF
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- Computer Science, Signal Processing, Digital Photography, Production
- by Nobuo Sugimoto
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- Remote Sensing, Prediction, LiDAR, Stratosphere

Celem tekstu jest podkreślenie biograficznego charakteru kultury materialnej. To znaczy, rzeczy i krajobrazy również mają swoje biografie, historie życia, które łączą się z historiami konkretnych jednostek. Za studium przypadku posłuży... more

- by Dawid Kobiałka
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- Archaeology, Anthropology, Historical Archaeology, Material Culture Studies
- by Charley Hale
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- Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Science, LiDAR, Medicine

In order to measure the D structure of a number of objects a comparably new technique in computer vision exists, namely time of flight (TOF) cameras. The overall principle is rather easy and has been applied using sound or light for a long time in all kind of sonar and lidar systems. However in this approach one uses modulated light waves and receives the signals by a parallel pixel array structure. Out of the travelling time at each pixel one can estimate the depth structure of a distant object. The technique requires measuring the intensity differences and ratios of several pictures with extremely high accuracy; therefore one faces in practice rather high noise levels. Object features as reflectance and roughness influence the measurement results. This leads to partly high noise levels with variances dependent on the illumination and material parameters. It can be shown that a reciprocal relation between the variance of the phase and the squared amplitude of the signals exists. On...

- by Bernhard Moser
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- Engineering, Geography, Computer Science, Computer Vision

Management of highly dynamic coastal landscapes requires repeated mapping and analysis of observed changes. Modern mapping techniques such as lidar increased the frequency and level of detail in coastal surveys and new methods were developed to extract valuable information from these data using Geographic Information Systems. The brief presents techniques for analyzing and visualizing coastal topographic and shoreline change and sand dune dynamics using open source GRASS GIS.

- by Helena Mitasova and +1
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- Coastal Geomorphology, LiDAR, Beach erosion, Visalization

Flood related scientific and community-based data are rarely systematically collected and analysed in the Philippines. Over the last decades the Pagsangaan River Basin, Leyte, has experienced several flood events. However, documentation describing flood characteristics such as extent, duration or height of these floods are close to non-existing. To address this issue, computerized flood modelling was used to reproduce past events where there was data available for at least partial calibration and validation. The model was also used to provide scenario-based predictions based on A1B climate change assumptions for the area. The most important input for flood modelling is a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the river basin. No accurate topographic maps or Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR)-generated data are available for the Pagsangaan River. Therefore, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Map (GDEM), Version 1, was chosen...

- by Olaf Neussner
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- Geography, LiDAR, Digital Elevation Models, Remote sensing and GIS

What can remote sensing contribute to archaeological surveying in subarctic and arctic landscapes? The pros and cons of remote sensing data vary as do areas of utilization and method-ological approaches. We assessed the applicability of remote sensing for archaeological surveying of northern landscapes using airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) and satellite and aerial images to map archaeological features as a basis for a) assessing the pros and cons of the different approaches and b) assessing the potential detection rate of remote sensing. Interpretation of images and a Li-DAR-based bare-earth digital terrain model (DTM) was based on visual analyses aided by processing and visualizing techniques. 368 features were identified in the aerial images, 437 in the satellite images and 1186 in the DTM. LiDAR yielded the better result, especially for hunting pits. Image data proved suitable for dwellings and settlement sites. Feature characteristics proved a key factor for detectability, both ...

- by Alma Thuestad and +3
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- Archaeology, Remote Sensing, LiDAR, Cultural Heritage Management

Elaboración de mapas base para el deporte de Orientación, a partir de datos LIDAR.

- by Arturo Fernández
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- Cartography, LiDAR, Airborne Laser Scanning, Sports
- by Peter Shih
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- Geography, LiDAR, Geomatic Engineering, Digital Elevation Model
- by Ugo Chiocchini and +1
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- Geology, Geomorphology, Morphological evolution, LiDAR

The ultimate goal of pattern recognition systems in remote sensing is to achieve the best possible classification performance for recognition of different objects such as buildings, roads and trees. From a scientific perspective, the extraction of roads in complex environments is one of the challenging issues in photogrammetry and computer vision, since many tasks related to automatic scene interpretation are involved. Roads have homogeneous reflectivity in LIDAR intensity and the same height as bare surface in elevation. Proposed method in this paper is based on combining multiple classifiers (MCS) is one of the most important topics in pattern recognition to achieve higher accuracy. Majority Voting and Selective Naive Bays are two methods that used for fusion of classifiers.

- by Farhad Samadzadegan
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- Computer Vision, Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, Data Mining
- by Kristin Nielsen
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- Computer Science, Control Engineering, LiDAR, IEEE

In this paper, we explore some of the applications of computer vision to sports analytics. Sport analytics deals with understanding and discovering patterns from a corpus of sports data. Analysing such data provides important performance metrics for the players, for instance in soccer matches, that could be useful for estimating their fitness and strengths. Team level statistics can also be estimated from such analysis. This paper mainly focuses on some the challenges and opportunities presented by sport video analysis in computer vision. Specifically, we use our multi-camera setup as a framework to discuss some of the real-life challenges for machine learning algorithms.

- by Fabio Cuzzolin
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- Computer Science, Computer Vision, LiDAR, Object Tracking (Computer Vision)
- by Robert H R G K Hack
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- Rock Mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering, Laser, LiDAR
- by Ihssen Hedhli and +4
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- Remote Sensing, LiDAR, Satellite remote sensing, Optical Imaging

In this work we present an in-situ method to compute the calibration of two sensors, a LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and a spherical camera. Both sensors are used in urban environment reconstruction tasks. In this scenario the speed at which the various sensors acquire and merge the information is very important, however reconstruction accuracy, which depends on sensors calibration, is also of high relevance. Here, a new calibration pattern, visible to both sensors is proposed. By this mean, the correspondence between each laser point and its position in the camera image is obtained so that the texture and color of each LIDAR point can be known. Experimental results for the calibration and uncertainty analysis are presented for data collected by the platform integrated with a LIDAR and the spherical camera.

- by Angel Ivan Garcia Moreno
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- Remote Sensing, LiDAR, Image Analysis

LIDAR sensors are bound to become one the core sensors in achieving full autonomy for self driving cars. LIDARs are able to produce rich, dense and precise spatial data, which can tremendously help in localizing and tracking a moving vehicle. In this paper, we review the latest finding in 3D LIDAR localization for autonomous driving cars, and analyze the results obtained by each method, in an effort to guide the research community towards the path that seems to be the most promising.

- by Mahdi ElHousni
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- Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, LiDAR, Point Cloud

Post-earthquake reconstruction of housing in heritage settlements confronts challenges such as inadequate damage assessment and replacement, displaced population and loss of heritage significance. Recording the built fabric and ways of life within heritage settlements are key for conserving their historic value, which is increasingly possible with the evolution of digital technologies. This paper presents an ongoing research project developing a novel methodology for heritage conservation and post-disaster re-construction using state-of-the-art 3D-laser-scanning (LiDAR) technologies to enable comprehensive damage assessment and design of solutions for repair, retrofitting, reuse and disaster risk mitigation, facilitating community empowerment, while virtually preserving the living heritage of vernacular settlements in Kutch, Gujarat. Through the development of a scalable method of re-construction, the aim is to break the unsustainable cycle of buildings' replacement, dereliction...

- by Rohit Jigyasu
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- Engineering, Architecture, Cultural Heritage, Heritage Conservation
- by Georg Mayr
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- Cartography, Oceanography, LiDAR, Atmospheric sciences

... The Modagspace project: Lidar data and landscape archaeology in southern France (Languedoc). Nicolas Poirier ( Auteur correspondant. ) 1, 2, 3 , Rachel Opitz 1, 3 , Laure Nuninger ( Auteur correspondant. ) 1, 3, 4 , Krištof Oštir 2,... more

- by Nicolas Poirier
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- Geography, Archaeology, Remote Sensing, Spatial Analysis

The study is the most comprehensive solar inventory done of UT campus to date showing that “Roofspace” on UT campus has great potential to produce renewable energy through the integration of solar photovoltaic and thermal panels. Unlike other renewable forms of energy, solar technologies can be integrated into the built environment making them one of the few options for onsite renewable energy for the University. However, there are substantial social and economic barriers that will inhibit the University from developing the full potential of its solar energy resources. Economically, the price of solar energy is too high in comparison to current electrical generation on campus. Socially, the aesthetic and cultural value of the UT campus’s red clay-tiled roof space surpasses the value to be potentially gained by covering them with solar collectors. The paper examined the potential taken into account these barriers and incorporated them into a model, which utilized Geographic Information Science (GISc) techniques of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) along with Solar Analyst tools developed by ESRI. This analysis demonstrates that the UT Campus has significant potential for generating solar energy, even without placement of PV arrays on its treasured red-tile roofs, but economically the price of solar energy is still too high to compete with the current highly efficient natural gas power generation. Although extensive installation of solar panels cannot be justified solely on an economic savings basis today, the price of solar PV is dropping and solar power may be economically advantageous for the University in the near future.

- by Moulay Anwar Sounny-Slitine
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- Sustainable Development, LiDAR, Solar Energy

The distribution of vegetation within urban zones is well understood to be important for delivery of a range of ecosystem services. While urban planners and human geographers are conversant with methodologies for describing and exploring the volumetric nature of built spaces there is less research that has developed imaginative ways of visualising the complex spatial and volumetric structure of urban vegetation from the treetops to the ground. Using waveform LiDAR data to measure the three-dimensional nature of the urban greenspace, we explore different ways of virtually, and tangibly engaging with volumetric models describing the 3D distribution of urban vegetation. Using waveform LiDAR data processed into voxels (volumetric pixels) and experimenting with a variety of creative approaches to visualise the volumetric nature of the data, we describe the development of new methods for mapping the urban green volume, using a combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Minecraft, 3D printing and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling processes. We demonstrate how such methodologies can be used to reveal and explore the complex nature of the urban green volume. We also describe the outcome of using these models to engage diverse audiences with the volumetric data. We explain how the products could be used readily by a range of urban researchers and stakeholders: from town and city councils, to architects and ecologists.

- by Jo McCallum
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- LiDAR, 3D visualisation, Tangible User Interfaces, 3D printing

Slave cabins within two settlements at Bush Camp Field and Behavior on Sapelo Island, Georgia deviate from typical low country Georgia architectural and landscape patterns. Rather than poured tabby duplexes arranged in a linear fashion, excavations in the 1990s by Ray Crook identified two wattle and tabby daub structures—both with slightly different architecture, and both built in an African creolized style. A 2016 University of Tennessee project attempted to locate additional slave cabins in both settlements to test if these structures are pattern or anomaly. LiDAR, historical maps, pedestrian surveys, and shovel tests allowed for the identification of an additional cabin, also made of wattle and tabby daub. Following Crook’s analysis and using Geechee oral history, we argue that the nonlinear cabin placement and creolized African, Caribbean, and European architectural elements are both examples of one end of the spectrum of independence within 19th century low country slavery.

- by Lindsey Cochran
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- Archaeology, Geophysics, Historical Archaeology, LiDAR
- by Ferdous Ahmed Sohel
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- Archaeology, Computer Vision, Image Processing, Machine Learning

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is a significant worldwide problem caused by rapid population growth and associated urbanization. The UHI effect exacerbates heat waves during the summer, increases energy and water consumption, and causes the high risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality. UHI mitigation efforts have increasingly relied on wisely designing the urban residential environment such as using high albedo rooftops, green rooftops, and planting trees and shrubs to provide canopy coverage and shading. Thus, strategically designed residential rooftops and their surrounding landscaping have the potential to translate into significant energy, long-term cost savings, and health benefits. Rooftop albedo, material, color, area, slope, height, aspect and nearby landscaping are factors that potentially contribute. To extract, derive, and analyze these rooftop parameters and outdoor landscaping information, high resolution optical satellite imagery, LIDAR (light detection and ranging) point clouds and thermal imagery are necessary. Using data from the City of Tempe AZ (a 2010 population of 160,000 people), we extracted residential rooftop footprints and rooftop configuration parameters from airborne LIDAR point clouds and QuickBird satellite imagery (2.4 m spatial resolution imagery). Those parameters were analyzed against surface temperature data from the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER). MASTER images provided fine resolution (7 m) surface temperature data for residential areas during daytime and night time. Utilizing these data, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to evaluate the relationships between residential building rooftops and their surface temperature in urban environment. The results showed that daytime rooftop temperature was closely related to rooftop spectral attributes, aspect, slope, and surrounding trees. Night time temperature was only influenced by rooftop spectral attributes and slope.

- by Qunshan Zhao and +1
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- Sustainable Urban Environments, LiDAR, Urban Heat Island Effect, Landscaping
- by Mark Macklin
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- Management, Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Remote Sensing
- by Ernst Bovenkamp
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- Image Processing, Pattern Recognition, LiDAR, Image segmentation
- by jamal esenkanova
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- LiDAR