Marine plankton Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The taxonomy and distribution of halocyprid ostracods from the Arabian Sea Region is reported, based upon samples collected in the Northwestern Indian Ocean within the framework of the Netherlands Indian Ocean Program (NIOP: 1992-1993), the U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (U.S. JGOFS: 1994–1996), and the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics program (U.S. GLOBEC: 1995). Forty-one species from the following genera belonging to the family Halocyprididae are
described, illustrated, and representative photographs are presented: Archiconchoecia, Alacia, Conchoecetta, Conchoecia, Conchoecilla, Conchoecissa, Discoconchoecia, Loricoecia, Mikroconchoecia, Orthoconchoecia, Paraconchoecia, Paramollicia, Platyconchoecia, Porroecia, Proceroecia,
Pseudoconchoecia, Clausoecia, Kyrtoecia, Nasoecia and Euconchoecia. For fourteen species, members of the genera Macroconchoecia, Mollicia, Paraconchoecia, Metaconchoecia, Mülleroecia, Fellia, Halocypria and Halocypris, only carapace outlines are presented. Keys to the subfamilies, tribes, genera and species, and patterns of horizontal and vertical distribution of each described species in the Arabian Sea Region are also given. The data on occurrence of halocyprid species at each of the stations during the investigation period and the depth ranges of halocyprid species found in the analyzed material but not described in the present book are listed in appendices.

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- Marine Biology, Taxonomy, Marine Science, Marine biodiversity
- by Iip Lathifah
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- Plankton, Laporan, Marine plankton, Perikanan
- by Agus Arifin Sentosa
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- Plankton, Marine plankton, Fish larval research, Marine fish eggs and larvae

makalah tentang rotifera dan protozoa

- by Yosua Ferdinan
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- Planktonic Foraminifera, Marine plankton
- by Aninda Putri
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- Marine plankton

Plankton plays an important role in a body of water as the primary producers and the beginning of the chain in the food web (food chain) causes the plankton used as a measure of fertility an ecosystem scale. This study aims to analyze the diversity and community structure of plankton in order to describe the condition of waters in the estuary Perancak, Bali.. This research was conducted by field surveys in September 2015 (transitional season II), consisting of three location , namely data collection Loloan River (north), Dermaga Perancak (middle) and Muara Perancak (south). Based on the results, both plankton abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged between 300-20100 ind/m3 and 300-28500 ind/m3. An abundance of plankton in the Estuary Perancak influenced by the water quality, especially the concentration of nutrients (phosphate, silicate and nitrate). Ecological index showed that species diversity of phytoplankton in the Estuary Perancak was categorized as low diversity (0,98≤H'≤ 1.38) and no species of phytoplankton dominating (0,55≤E≤0,77) with uniformity kind of approaching a stable and tend evenly (0,32≤ D≤0,48). While the index showed that diverisity index of zooplankton is low (1,06≤H'≤1,29), with the distribution species are fairly uniform and relatively similar (0,54≤E≤1), and dominant species is not present (0,33≤D≤0,51). These results indicate that Perancak Estuary is moderate levels of water pollution. It is known from the low diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the waters of Perancak Estuary.
Keywords: plankton community structure, Perancak Estuary, abundance, diversity, dominance index.

- by amandangi hastuti
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- Water quality, Mangroves, Mangrove Ecology, Marine Science

Pada saat muson tenggara perairan selatan Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara mengalami upwelling yang berpengaruh ke perairan selat Bali disebut sebagai in-direct upwelling. Pengaruh upwelling ini bisa dilihat dari perubahan parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi perairan seperti suhu, klorofil-a dan nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terjadinya upwelling terhadap distribusi suhu, klorofil-a dan nutrien terutama nitrat,
fosfat, dan silika di Selat Bali dari hasil observasi bulan Juni-September 2012. Lokasi penelitian di koordinat 8,4 LS – 8,85 LS dan 114,40 BT – 115,5 BT. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi lapangan saat terjadinya upwelling. Pengukuran parameter suhu dan klorofil-a menggunakan Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD). Sampel nutrien
diambil tiap layer kedalaman dari permukaan sampai 100 m dibagi menjadi 3 zona mewakili karaketristik perairan utara (Laut Bali), tengah (Selat Bali) dan selatan (Samudera Hindia). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi nutrien yang terlihat dari peningkatan konsentrasi nitrat, fosfat, silikat dan klorofil-a serta penurunan suhu. Konsentrasi klorofil-a maksimum di kedalaman 20 m zona selatan yang berhubungan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia dan terjadi kenaikan massa air dingin dikedalaman 70 m serta peningkatan konsentrasi fosfat di kedalaman 60 m, hal ini memperkuat bahwa pada bulan Juni-September perairan selat Bali mendapatkan pengaruh upwelling kuat dari Samudera Hindia.
Kata kunci : in-direct upwelling, suhu, klorofil-a, nutrien

- by amandangi hastuti
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- Marine Biology, Marine Ecology, Mangroves, Fisheries Management

The Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay, located between India and Sri Lanka, are the two least studied marine
environments in the northern Indian Ocean. We hypothesis, perceptible physical barriers that exist
between the deep Gulf of Mannar and shallow Palk Bay, and seasonally reversing surface circulation patterns
in the region have a concerted effect on the ecology of these oceanographically important areas. In
the present study, data collected from 30 locations in the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay in March 2010
(Spring Intermonsoon), September 2010 (Southwest Monsoon) and January 2011 (Northeast Monsoon)
were used to investigate the role of ocean currents in molding mesozooplankton community characteristics
in these, geographically closer and ecologically important transitional zones. Spatial difference in
salinity was evident in the area with consistently higher values in the Gulf of Mannar as compared to
the Palk Bay. The surface salinity was maximal during the Southwest Monsoon followed by the Spring
Intermonsoon, and the Northeast Monsoon. These variations in salinity were closely linked with the seasonally
reversing ocean currents as revealed in MIKE 21 flow model results. The mesozooplankton community
dominated by copepods showed significant difference in species richness between the Gulf of
Mannar (81 species) and the Palk Bay (63 species). Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (AHCA) on Bray–Curtis copepod similarity clearly estranged
the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay waters during the Spring Intermonsoon, and the Northeast Monsoon,
attributable to the truancy of durable mixing typical of these seasons. In contrast, aided by strong currents,
the increased mixing resulted in a homogenous copepod population in the Gulf of Mannar and
the Palk Bay during the Southwest Monsoon. Furthermore, the indicator and dominant species analysis
for copepods divulged the spatial heterogeneity in species composition during the Spring Intermonsoon
and the Northeast Monsoon periods. Multivariate Redundancy Analyses showed salinity as the most
important variable accountable for the observed variance in copepod distribution. In general, the copepod
community in the Gulf of Mannar was composed both of coastal and offshore species whereas, coastal
species largely inhabited the Palk Bay. This kind of a study depicting zooplankton community organization
as governed by seasonally reversing monsoon circulation patterns forms the first record from the
Indian coastal waters. The findings attain absolute significance considering its ecological implications
on oceanographically transitional systems like the Gulf of Mannar, and the Palk Bay.

- by jagadeesan loganthan
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- Marine Biology, Marine Ecology, Marine Science, Plankton ecology
- by Enrique Neyra Armas
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- Biodiversity, Marine plankton, Marine Biology and Oceanography

On April 20, 2010, the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig resulted in the loss of 11 lives and the largest oil spill in US history (Graham et al., 2010) and perhaps the second largest in the world, after the first Gulf War Oil Spill from Kuwait. Over the 84 days following the explosion, an estimated 6.7 x 105 mT of Louisiana Sweet Crude oil (United States Government, 2011) and up to 500,000 mT of methane and gases (Joye et al., 2011) were released from 1,480 m below the ocean's surface into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). As oil continued to escape from the seafloor throughout the summer of 2010, images of oiled wildlife pervaded the news. These pictures, though troubling, only hinted at the fate of the plankton that form the foundation of the GoM ecosystem. This review discusses the potential effects of the DWH oil spill on the overlooked, but extremely important, members of the GoM ecosystem—the plankton. Our assessment is based on data collected in the aftermath of the DWH spill and supplemented with studies from past oil spills when information on the GoM spill was limited or unavailable. The time line we develop traces the spill from a "planktonic perspective," emphasizing the population dynamics of marine bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish larvae.

- by Raffaela Abbriano
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- BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Marine plankton, Gulf of Mexico

A preliminary Checklist on plankton’s dynamics of Calabar River, Southern Nigeria was investigated from July, 2013 to
December, 2013. Three sampling stations (1-3) were chosen along the river course. The choices of sampling stations of the
river were based on the ecological settings; vegetation’s and human activities in the area. Plankton’s species were collected
by filtering 60 litres of the water sample through 55μm plankton net at each station. The planktons were immediately fixed in
a 5% formalin solution and transported to the Institute of Oceanography laboratory, University of Calabar, Nigeria, for
analysis and identification. This study recorded a total of (45) plankton’s species, (21) for zooplankton and (24) for
phytoplankton belonging to 13 taxonomic groups, (7) for zooplankton and (5) for phytoplankton following the order of
dominance; for zooplankton’s, Calanoida > Cladocera > Chaetognaths > Copepoda > Decapoda > Protozoan > Rotifera;
for Phytoplankton’s, Bacillariophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Chlorophyceae > Euglenophyceae > Dinophyceae. These findings
indicate the unpolluted nature of the Calabar River and also provide useful information on the checklists and ecology of
plankton’s species which could be potentially used as bio-indicators for assessing and monitoring the River.

- by ANDEM B ANDEM
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- Plankton ecology, Marine plankton

Ssegi aspek lingkungan global , peran plankton pun tak kalah pentingnya. Luas total permukaan laut merupakan 71% dari seluruh luas permukaan bumi. Seluruh dimensi laut dari permukaan hingga laut dalam adalah tempat hunian berbagai jenis plankton. Dalam proses fotosintesis, fitoplankton dapat mengikat secara tak langsung gas CO2 (karbondioksida) dari atmosfer, tidak kalah besarnya dengan kemampuan seluruh tumbuhan yang ada di daratan. Padahal CO2 merupakan salah satu gas rumah kaca (greenhouse gas) yang dapat membuat suhu di bumi ini menjadi lebih panas (Nontji, 2008). Sehingga perlu melakukan kajian-kajian mengenai plankton, agar keberadaannya tetap stabil di bumi ini, sehingga keseimbangan alam dapat terjaga dengan baik. Waktu Pengambilan Sampel dilakukan pada Sabtu, 18 November 2017, Pukul 11.55 s/d 13.00 WIB, di stasiun 1 Kedung Cowek (7”13’11.9”S112”47’26.5”E), stasiun 2 Sekitar Sentra Bulak (7”12’40.9”S112”47’17.3”E), stasiun 3 dekat Jembatan Surabaya (7”14’03.0”S112”48’00.5”E). Parameter hidro oseanografi yang diukur diantaranya meliputi parameter fisika (suhu, kecerahan) serta parameter kimia (pH, DO, salinitas, NO3-, PO4). Metode prosedur penggunaan Sedgwick-rafter cell. Antara komponen biotik meliputi fitoplankton dan zooplankton dengan komponen abiotik berupa parameter hidro oseanografi terjadi suatu hubungan timbal balik membentuk ekosistem. Stasiun 1 memiliki kandungan fosfat rendah dan tergolong kesuburannya rendah, sedangkan stasiun 2 dan 3 memiliki kandungan fosfat yang tinggi dan tergolong kesuburan yang tinggi. Ketiga stasiun memiliki kadar Nitrat yang rendah. Berdasarkan nilai DO, Stasiun 1 dan 2 tergolong tercemar sedang, sedangkan Stasiun 3 tergolong tercemar ringan. Kecerahan yang paling baik pada Stasiun 1, sedangkan stasiun 2 dan 3 kecerahannya sedang. Ketiga stasiun merupakan perairan Oligotrofik yang kelimpahan planktonnya < 2000 ind/l. Stasiun 1 memiliki tingkat keragaman dan kelimpahan plankton terbanyak, kemudian baru diposisi kedua Stasiun 3, dan di posisi ketiga ditempati Stasiun 2.

and the Palk Bay (PB) — two least studied marine environments located between India and Sri Lanka. The
study is based on the results obtained from a field sampling exercise carried out in the GoM and the PB in
March 2010 (Spring Intermonsoon — SIM), September 2010 (Southwest Monsoon — SWM) and January
2011 (Northeast Monsoon — NEM). Based on multivariate analysis of major environmental parameters during
different seasons, it was possible to clearly segregate the GoM and the PB into separate clusters, except
during the SWM. This segregation of the GoM and the PB was closely linked with the seasonally reversing
ocean currents in the region, as evident from the MIKE 21 flow model results. During the period of relatively
low phytoplankton biomass (b23 mg C m−3), the organic carbon contribution of the microbial loop was significantly
high — both in the GoM and the PB. During the SIM, the carbon biomass available in the plankton
food web was significantly higher in the PB (av. 122.8±47.60 mg C m−3) than in the GoM (av. 81.89±
35.50 mg C m−3). This was due to a strong microbial loop in the former region. In the GoM, phytoplankton
contributed a considerable portion (>50%) of the carbon biomass during the SWM and the NEM, whereas,
microbial loop contributed significantly (80%) during the SIM. The microbial loop was predominant in the
PB throughout the study period, being as high as 83% of the total plankton biomass during the SIM. As
compared to the PB, the mesozooplankton biomass was higher in the GoM during the SWM and the NEM
and lower during the SIM. The relatively high mesozooplankton stock in the PB during the SIM was closely
linked with a strong microbial loop, which contributed the major share (av. 101.6±24.3 mg C m−3) of the
total organic carbon available in the food web (av. 126.6±24.3 mg C m−3). However, when microbial loop
contributed >65% of the total organic carbon available in the food web, the trophic efficiency was found to
be low (~3%), which can be attributed to the wide dispersal of organic carbon in the microbial loop. Importantly,
during the NEM, when the copepod Paracalanus parvus was predominant in the PB, the trophic efficiency
of the microbial loop dominant food web increased by more than a fold (7.2%). The study provides
evidences for the first time from the field that exceptionally high abundance of efficient microzooplanktonconsuming
zooplankton can significantly increase the trophic efficiency of the microbial loop dominant
plankton food web.

- by jagadeesan loganthan
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- Marine Ecology, Plankton ecology, Marine plankton, Plankton, Copepods

Unstad. Kim H. & Tande, Kurt S. 1991: Depth distribution of Calanusfinmarchicus and C. glacialis in relation to environmental conditions in the Barents Sea. Pp. 409-420 in Sakshaug. E.. Hopkins. C. C. E. & Øritsland. N. A. (eds.): Proceedings of the Pro Mare Symposium on Polar Marine Ecology, Trondheim. 12-16 May 1990. Polar Research 10(2).
Stage composition and vertical distribution of copepodids of Colanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis are described during spring and summer in Atlantic and Arctic waters, respectively. The two species cooccurred in the region of the Polar Front, both in moderate to high population densities. Ontogenetic
migration. meaning that the migration range becomes progressively wider with advancing stage, was found
in both species. The present study also revealed that C. finmarchicus had modifications in its ontogenetic
vertical distribution. The standing crop of phytoplankton, predominantly Phaeocysfis pouchetii. appeared
to influence the degree of stage-specific segregation. Both low and high food concentrations tended to increase the vertical distribution of the instars. On the other hand, a narrow subsurface stratum of abundant phytoplankton led to an aggregation of copepodids at this depth. In the region of the Polar Front. where the two species co-occur. C. glacialis had a deeper distribution than C. finmarchicus, thus creating a bimodal vertical distribution pattern within the uppermost 200 m.

- by Kim H Unstad
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- Plankton ecology, Marine plankton, Calanus

Pelagic (open-ocean) species have enormous population sizes and broad, even global, distributions. These characteristics should damp rates of speciation in allopatric and vicariant evolutionary models since dispersal should swamp diverging populations and prevent divergence. Yet the fossil record suggests that rates of evolutionary turnover in pelagic organisms are often quite rapid, comparable to rates observed in much more highly fragmented terrestrial and shallow-marine environments. Furthermore, genetic and ecological studies increasingly suggest that species
diversity is considerably higher in the pelagic realm than inferred from many morphological taxonomies.
Zoogeographic evidence suggests that ranges of many pelagic groups are much more limited by their ability to maintain viable populations than by any inability to disperse past tectonic and hydrographic barriers to population exchange. Freely dispersing pelagic taxa resemble airborne spores or wind-dispersed seeds that can drift almost anywhere but complete the entire life cycle
only in favorable habitats. It seems likely that vicariant and allopatric models for speciation are far less important in pelagic evolution than sympatric or parapatric speciation in which dispersal is not limiting. Nevertheless, speciation can be quite rapid and involve cladogenesis even in cases where morphological data suggest gradual species transitions. Indeed, recent paleoecological and molecular studies increasingly suggest that classic examples of "phyletic gradualism" involve multiple,
cryptic speciation events.
Paleoceanographic and climatic change seem to influence rates of turnover by modifying surface water masses and environmental gradients between them to create new habitats rather than by
preventing dispersal. Changes in the vertical structure and seasonality of water masses may be particularly important since these can lead to changes in the depth and timing of reproduction. Long-distance dispersal may actually promote evolution by regularly carrying variants of a species across major oceanic fronts and exposing them to very different selection pressures than occur in their home range. High dispersal in pelagic taxa also implies that extinction should be difficult to
achieve except though global perturbations that prevent populations from reestablishing themselves following local extinction. High rates of extinction in some pelagic groups suggests either that global perturbations are common, or that the species are much more narrowly adapted than we would infer from current taxonomies.

- by Dick Norris
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- Evolutionary Biology, Paleobiology, Oceanography, Planktonic Foraminifera
- by Antonius Ardhito
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- Plankton ecology, Marine plankton

In temperate coastal zones, episodic meteorological forcing can have a strong impact on the classical seasonal phytoplankton succession. Episodes of continental runoff and wind storms involve nutrient enrichment and turbulence, 2 factors that can promote primary production and alter the planktonic community species composition and size structure. We determined the joint influence of these 2 variables on the osmotrophic plankton of an oligotrophic NW Mediterranean open bay. We used an 8 yr long time series of monthly physical, chemical and biological water-column parameters, and we looked for correlations between these and several meteorological and physical high frequency time series through cross-correlation analyses. Influence of river runoff in this particular location was found to be very important for phytoplankton dynamics, whereas no immediate response of bacterioplankton was detected. Resuspension events caused by waves had a secondary importance. Cross correlations allowed defining a sequence of responses to these types of forcing,
from changes in water turbidity and salinity, to increases in phytoplankton and bacteria abundances through nutrient enrichments. The maximum response of the ecosystem in terms of chlorophyll a concentration lagged nutrient enrichment events by about 1 wk. A more detailed analysis was performed between June 2003 and June 2004, a period characterised by an intense drought in summer and by 6 strong meteorological events afterwards. The increase in the frequency of meteorological events during this period drove the system from heterotrophy to autotrophy. Our data stress the importance of episodic meteorological events in coastal planktonic communities.

- by Francesc Peters
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- Time Series, Mediterranean, Plankton ecology, Time series analysis

Large tropical and sub-tropical marine animals must meet their energetic requirements in a largely oligotrophic environment. Many planktivorous elasmobranchs, whose thermal ecologies prevent foraging in nutrient-rich polar waters, aggregate seasonally at predictable locations throughout tropical oceans where they are observed feeding. Here we investigate the foraging and oceanographic environment around Lady Elliot Island, a known aggregation site for reef manta rays Manta alfredi in the southern Great Barrier Reef. The foraging behaviour of reef manta rays was analysed in relation to zooplankton populations and local oceanography, and compared to long-term sighting records of reef manta rays from the dive operator on the island. Reef manta rays fed at Lady Elliot Island when zooplankton biomass and abundance were significantly higher than other times. The critical prey density threshold that triggered feeding was 11.2 mg m-3 while zooplankton size had no significant effect on feedi...

- by Asia Armstrong
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- Inorganic Chemistry, Conservation, Australia, Biology
- by Rogelio Gonzalez Armas
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- Earth Sciences, Biological Oceanography, Biological Sciences, Seasonality

Data from plankton surveys typically contain many zeroes. Pomacentrid larvae collected from the reef of Cabilao Island, Bohol, Philippines was typical of such data wherein 294 out of 354 tows had 0 larval counts. This data is traditionally analyzed using the Poisson distribution in linear model. However, the Poisson model predicted far less zeroes and more missing pomacentrids than what is observed. To account for this kind of data, this paper examined other statistical distributions that can account for the extra zeroes and the missing fishes; these are negative binomial, zero-inflated poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, zero-altered poisson and zero-altered negative binomial. We fitted these distributions and Poisson with location and moon phase as covariates to identify which of the model is suited for the data. The best model was selected based on having the lowest Akaike`s Information Criteria (AIC) score. The AIC result showed that the zero-altered negative binomial distribution (ZANB) with moon phase as covariate was suitable for the current data. The ZANB model showed that zeroes contribute a significant effect on abundance estimate; higher number of zeroes accounted for the significantly lower fishes observed in the first quarter than in the last quarter but not on the other moon phases. Excluding the zeroes, this difference is not statistically significant. Moreover, the ZANB model also was able to predict the actual number of zero and non-zero fishes better than the Poisson model, thus the tale of the missing fishes is explained by the inappropriateness of Poisson to fit data with many zeroes.

Discoaster abundances reveal important information about
global climatic changes in the Pliocene oceans. Ten locations
around the world were analysed for their total Discoaster
abundance prior to their extinction during the time interval
1.89-3.00Ma, using a sampling interval equivalent at most
of the sites to 3ky. The data sets were divided at 2.4Ma
producing approximately two equal time intervals. The total
mean Discoaster abundance was compared before and after
2.4Ma, which correlates with a major cooling in many isotopic
records. The most marked reduction in abundance was found
to be at higher latitude sites. Low latitude sites show only a
slight decline in Discoaster abundance, while maintaining
higher frequencies. Cooler temperatures suppress Discoaster
abundance, although the impact of upwelling must be
considered, as for example at low latitude sites. The data
support the hypothesis that the ideal conditions for
discoasters are warm waters in regions of low productivity
pressure, and climatic changes affecting the interplay of
these factors are responsible for the marked fluctuations
in abundance observed temporally and spatially.

- by Celia Marrase and +1
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- Marine Biology, Zoology, Turbulence, Marine Ecology

Results of the study of pelagic ostracods (Halocyprididae) from the western Bransfield Strait are discussed. The data
were obtained using zooplankton samples collected in March 2002 during the 7th Ukrainian Antarctic expedition.
Maximum sampling depths varied from 200 to 1000 m. Eight halocyprid species were found. Three species were
dominant throughout the entire sampling depth: Metaconchoecia isocheira (in the layers 0 – 500 and >500 m it contributed
44 and 31 % respectively to the halocyprid population), Alacia belgicae (28 and 23 %), and Alacia hettacra
(24 and 21 %). The fourth species, Boroecia antipoda, was dominant >500 m (21 %). The other species found were
Metaconchoecia skogsbergi, Proceroecia brachyaskos, Disconchoecia aff. elegans and Conchoecissa symmetrica,
which occurred in small numbers at depths of 200 – 500 and >500 m, and at these depths the abundances and biomasses
of the halocyprids were at their maxima. Few ostracods occurred in the upper 100 m, but their abundances
increased along the frontal zone formed between the water masses advected in from the Bellinghausen and Weddell
Seas. The populations of the ostracod species inhabiting water masses of these two Seas had distinctive age structures.
Key words: pelagic ostracods, Halocyprididae, quantitative distribution, age structure, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

- by Inna Drapun
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- Marine Biology, Marine Ecology, Marine Science, Ostracoda Systematics

The Lagoon of Venice (LoV) and the Gulf of Venice (GoV), two adjacent coastal Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites in the northern Adriatic Sea, represent a transitional/marine coupled ecosystem under the influence of regional and local factors. In this study, these sites were sampled on four dates from April 2016 to February 2017 for environmental DNA and relevant abiotic variables, aiming to assess the relative importance of habitat heterogeneity and connectivity in structuring the protist community. High Throughput Sequencing of V4-18S rRNA gene from 56 samples collected at seven stations produced ca 6 million reads, grouped into 7,336 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97% similarity, which were affiliated to protists belonging to 34 taxonomic groups. The whole community was dominated by Bacillariophyta, especially in spring-summer in the LoV, and by Dinophyta, mainly in the GoV. Ciliophora, Syndiniales, and Cryptophyceae were the next more abundant groups. The community structure varied across the seasons and was different in the two ecosystems, which shared 96% of the reads but showed a high proportion of OTUs distributed preferentially in one of the two sites (specialists) and a different partitioning of trophic categories. GoV specialists were mainly Dinophyceae (>56%), followed by Syndiniales and Bacillariophyta, while the LoV specialists were distributed among several groups, including Bacillariophyta, Syndiniales, Ciliophora, Cryptophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae. The main abiotic drivers of the differences between protist communities were salinity and temperature, which however explained a minor part of the variance (17%), pointing at a higher relevance of biotic factors and inter-taxa relationships. This was more evident in the LoV, where the network analysis highlighted a higher number of OTUs' connections than in the GoV. Overall, the metabarcoding Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1

- by Simona Armeli Minicante
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- Plankton ecology, Marine plankton
- by Yvan Perez and +2
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- Engineering, Evolutionary Biology, Physics, Chemistry
- by Francesc Peters
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- Zoology, Environmental Science, Time Series, Biology
- by Filipina Sotto
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- Dinoflagellates, Marine plankton, Red tide, Marine Plankton, Red Tides

Changes in the vertical distribution of M. rubrum were monitored over two tidal cycles, encompassing daylight and non-daylight hours. Physico-chemical (e.g. temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen). nutrients (NO2, N03 , NH4, urea, PO4 Fe and Si02), and biological (chlorophyll a) parameters were also taken. There is evidence that the position and abundance of M. rubrum at certain depths is a response to tidal changes. No distinct correlation was observed between the vertical distributions of M. rubrum in the water column, and the availability of various nutrients, physical and chemical parameters. However, this behavior is strongly modified by other factors, such as light.

Continuous multiyear records of sediment-trap-gained microorganism fluxes are scarce. Such studies are important to identify and to understand the main forcings behind seasonal and multiannual evolution of microorganism flux dynamics. Here, we assess the long-term flux variations and population dynamics of diatoms, coccolithophores, cal-careous and organic dinoflagellate cysts, foraminifera and pteropods in the eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem of the Canary Current. A multiannual, continuous sediment trap experiment was conducted at the mooring site CBeu (Cap Blanc eutrophic; ∼ 20 • N, 18 • W; trap depth is ca. 1300 m) off Mauritania (northwest Africa), between June 2003 and March 2008. Throughout the study, the reasonably consistent good match of fluxes of microorganisms and bulk mass reflects the seasonal occurrence of the main upwelling season and relaxation and the contribution of microorganisms to mass flux off Mauritania. A clear successional pattern of microorganisms, i.e., primary producers followed by secondary producers, is not observed. High fluxes of diatoms, coccolithophores, organic dinoflagellate cysts, and plank-tonic foraminifera occur simultaneously. Peaks of calcare-ous dinoflagellate cysts and pteropods mostly occurred during intervals of upwelling relaxation. A striking feature of the temporal variability of population occurrences is the persistent pattern of seasonal groups contributions. Species of planktonic foraminifera, diatoms, and organic dinoflagellate cysts typical of coastal upwelling, as well as cooler-water planktonic foraminifera and the coccolithophore Gephyro-capsa oceanica, are abundant at times of intense upwelling (late winter through early summer). Planktonic foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellate cysts are dominant in warm pelagic surface waters, and all pteropod taxa are more abundant in fall and winter when the water column stratifies. Similarly , coccolithophores of the upper and lower photic zones, together with Emiliania huxleyi, and organic dinoflagellate cysts dominate the assemblage during phases of upwelling relaxation and deeper layer mixing. A significant shift in the "regular" seasonal pattern of taxa relative contribution is observed between 2004 and 2006. Benthic diatoms strongly increased after fall 2005 and dominated the diatom assemblage during the main upwelling season. Additional evidence for a change in population dynamics is the short dominance of the coccolithophore Umbili-cosphaera annulus, the occurrence of the pteropod Limacina bulimoides and the strong increase in the flux of calcareous dinoflagellate cysts, abundant in warm tropical oligotrophic waters south of the study area after fall 2005. Altogether, this suggests that pulses of southern waters were transported to the sampling site via the northward Mauritania Current. Our multiannual trap experiment provides a unique opportunity Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 188 O. E. Romero et al.: Plankton variability off Mauritania to characterize temporal patterns of variability that can be extrapolated to other eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems (EBUEs), which are experiencing or might experience similar future changes in their plankton community.

- by Oscar E Romero
- •
- Marine Biology, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms as indicators, Plankton ecology

Ctenophores are poorly known in the tropical eastern Pacific, including the southern coast of Mexico. Previous records of
ctenophores along the Pacific coast have been provided mainly from northern waters. For the coast of Oaxaca state, their
occurrence has only been mentioned before at phylum level. In this paper, we provide the first three records of ctenophores
for the Oaxacan coast, which represent new records of Beroe forskalii and Bolinopsis vitrea as well as the first record of
Ocyropsis maculata in the tropical eastern Pacific. Descriptions of these three species, as well as a checklist of the ctenophores
from the west coast of Mexico are provided.

- by Otto Müller P. Oliveira and +1
- •
- Marine Biology, Zoology, Marine plankton, Zooplankton

The effect of coastal upwelling on the recruitment and connectivity of coastal marine populations has rarely been characterized to a level of detail to be included into sound fishery management strategies. The gooseneck barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes) fishery at the Cantabrian Coast (Northern Spain) is located at the fringes of the NW Spanish Upwelling system. This fishery is being co-managed through a fine-scale, interspersed set of protected rocks where each rock receives a distinct level of protection. Such interspersion is potentially beneficial, but the extent to which such spacing is consistent with mean larval dispersal distances is as yet unknown. We have simulated the spread of gooseneck barnacle larvae in the Central Cantabrian Coast using a high-resolution time-series of current profiles measured at a nearshore location. During a year of high upwelling activity (2009), theoretical recruitment success was 94% with peak recruitment predicted 56 km west of the emission point. However, for a year of low upwelling activity (2011) theoretical recruitment success dropped to 15.4% and peak recruitment was expected 13 km east of the emission point. This is consistent with a positive correlation between catch rates and the Integrated Upwelling Index, using a 4-year lag to allow recruits to reach commercial size. Furthermore, a net long-term westward larval transport was estimated by means of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for five populations in the Cantabrian Sea. Our results call into question the role of long distance dispersal, driven by the mesoscale processes in the area, in gooseneck barnacle populations and point to the prevalent role of small-scale, asymmetric connectivity more consistent with the typical scale of the co-management process in this fishery.

- by Ricardo González-Gil and +1
- •
- Marine Ecology, Gene Flow, Fisheries, Ecology
- by Emmanuel Corse and +1
- •
- Evolutionary Biology, Phylogenetics, Mollusc Taxonomy, Molecular clock

Red water patches caused by the photosynthetic ciliate, M. rubrum were observed on April 2, 1990 in Maqueda Bay (11° 42'N 124° 55'W),a tropical, shallow, eutrophic water located in the western part of Samar Island, Philippines (Fig.4). Owing to its wide geographic distribution, we believed that blooms of M. rubrum have been occurring in the many waters of Asia, however, this is the first documented report on the M rubrum blooms in Southeast Asian water.

- by Francesc Peters
- •
- Marine Biology, Environmental Science, Marine Ecology, Plant Biology

A systematic investigation of non-phosphorus containing glycolipids (GL) was conducted in the northern Adriatic Sea during two years at two stations with different nutrient loads. GL concentration varied both spatially and temporally, with values of 1.1-21.5 μg/L and 0.4-44.7 μg/L in the particulate and the dissolved fraction, respectively. The highest concentrations were measured during summer in surface waters and at the more oligotrophic station, where GL yields (% of total lipids) were often higher than 20% and 50% in the particulate and dissolved fractions, respectively. To obtain more insight into factors governing GL accumulation autotrophic plankton community structure (pico-, nano- and microplankton fractions), chlorophyll a, heterotrophic bacteria and nutrient concentrations were measured together with hydrographic parameters and sunlight intensity. During the investigated period smaller autotrophic plankton cells (pico- and followed by nanoplankton) prevailed in abundance over larger cells (microplankton), which were found in large numbers in freshened surface samples. Several major findings resulted from the study. Firstly, during PO4 limitation, particularly at the oligotrophic station, enhanced glycolipid instead of phospholipid accumulation takes place, representing an effective phosphate-conserving mechanism. Secondly, results suggest that at seawater temperatures &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;19 °C autotrophic plankton considerably accumulate GL, probably to achieve thermal stability. Thirdly, high sunlight intensities seem to influence increased GL accumulation; GL possibly plays a role in cell mechanisms that prevent/mitigate photooxidation. And finally, substantial accumulation of GL detected in the dissolved fraction could be related to the fact that GL do not contain biologically relevant elements, like phosphorus, which makes them an unattractive substrate for enzyme activity. Therefore, substantial portion of CO2 could be removed from the atmosphere in P-limited regions during summer via its capture by plankton and conversion to GL.

- by Paolo Paliaga
- •
- Biology, Marine And Environmental Pollution, Phytoplankton, Medicine

- by Anthony Richardson
- •
- Conservation, Australia, Biology, Coral Reefs

The aim of this study was to map the distribution of microalgae and to measure their abundances in different areas of the Bone Bolango regency coastal region. Water samples were taken from 5 stations. A taxonomic identification of the microalgae was conducted, their abundances and spatial distribution was determined. The major groups of microalgae were Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Pyrrophyta, with a total of 29 species were identified. Average diversity index (H') and dominance index (D') values were 2.24 and 0.16, correspondingly, which means that the distribution of microalgae evenly spread and no particular species was dominant. Total microalgae abundance had an average value of 7.6 × 10 5 cells L-1. Water temperature and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) influenced microalgae abundance. The lowest abundance observed was 5.9 × 10 5 cells L-1 near a power plant station, the highest abundance was 1.04×10 6 cells L-1 in a touristic area.

- by Miftahul Khair Kadim
- •
- Microalgae, Plankton, Marine plankton, Plankton Dynamics in Marine Ecosystem

The huge imaginary potential of plankton:
What is the metabolism of the sea? How can we feed the world? Can we stop climate change? The answer to these questions was always: plankton. Since its scientific exploration from the 1850s onwards, the tiniest floating organisms in the ocean have been evoking a rich scientific, technological and cultural imaginary. In this talk (video-stream) I elaborate the reasons for the imaginary potential of the marine biomass. The core case study investigates the recurrent idea (since the 1990s) of sequestring CO2 in the deep sea through stimulated plankton growth in order to attenuate global warming. Whilst the complex bio-chemico-physical interrelations of plankton in the sea undermined the attempts of the 'technological fix' people still stick to the very planktonic utopia.
(Talk at the Rachel Carson Center in Munich.)
go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvhqfUzGgao

- by Ariane Tanner
- •
- History of Science, Biomass, Social Imaginaries, Geoengineering

Soft corals have bioactive compounds to potential as marine natural products, but the over exploitive to destroy of that ecosystem. Therefor endophyte microbial isolation can be effort to prevent that matters. This research aimed to isolate and characteristic on the entophyte microbial of soft coral Lobophytum sp and Sinularia sp that collated from Maspari island waters. Methodology of research was establishing growth of microbial samples (bacterial and fungal), isolation and characterization. Total of bacteria colony of Lobophytum sp were obtained about five isolates, and Sinularia sp were about four isolates. The macroscop-ic characteristic showed that whole bacteria had white colors. Those colonies had undulate, entire and curl (the edge of colony) and circular and irregular (for colony shape). For fungal of Lobophytum sp were obtained about three isolates, while Sinu-laria sp had only one isolate. The fungal colonies macroscopic characteristic showed yellow, green and white color, while shaped and edges colonies were thickened. Spread, thin, round, dark, and the whole of isolates had filamentous hyphae.

- by Rozirwan Rozirwan
- •
- Marine Ecology, Coral Reefs, Marine BioTechnology, Marine plankton
- by Daniel Lyons and +3
- •
- Marine And Environmental Pollution, Phytoplankton, Biological Sciences, Lipids
- by Magdalena Carranza and +1
- •
- Oceanography, BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Marine plankton, Gulf of Mexico