New Mexico History Research Papers (original) (raw)

The palaeopathology of the Pueblo of Kechipawan, New Mexico, is examined in the context of South-western demographic patterns. A case of complicated treponemal infection associated with prehistoric pottery remains is described and diagnosed. The establishment in the area of endemic and possibly venereal syphilis, at a time of high population density, is suggested on the basis of the contemporaneity of reported cases and Pueblo settlement patterns.

- by
- •
- Palaeopathology, New Mexico History, Syphilis, Pueblos
- by Kelly L. Jenks
- •
- New Mexico History
- by David Correia
- •
- Historical Geography, Political Economy, U.S. history, Critical Legal Theory

The Coronado Historic Site Visitors Center (1940) happened, really, at the peak of John Gaw Meem's career - in the heart of the Great Depression. He was director of the Historic American Building Survey, completing documentations of kivas at Chaco and Bandelier, designing some of new Mexico's "great buildings," and defining the "Southwest" Style of architecture that has become beloved around the world. Lets take a look at this extraordinary man, and his body of work.

- by Rachel Preston
- •
- Archaeology, Architecture, New Deal (U.S. history), New Mexico History

Join Rachel Preston Prinz for a talk on mid-century modern architect and designer Alexander Girard’s work in New Mexico, and beyond. Girard arrived in Santa Fe in 1953. He has four major works in the state, including a mural at the Unitarian Church in Albuquerque, interiors and another – incomplete – mural at St. John College in Santa Fe, the interior rehabilitation of the Compound Restaurant on Canyon Road, and the interiors of the Museum of International Folk Art. Rachel has documented these projects, along with the restoration plans of the murals. In this talk, she’ll share some of what she learned along the way… including some of the “forgotten” connections in Girard’s work here.

- by Rachel Preston
- •
- New Mexico History, Folk Art, Alexander Girard, Mid-Century Modern Architecture

This book proposes that the psychology of C. G. Jung and the scholarly practice of arts-based research have the potential to develop each other. In particular, I suggest that Jung and arts-based research already share ideas and strategies about knowing and being that can be furthered by forging a relationship between them. Consequently, the aim of this book is to enrich both Jungian studies and arts-based research, whether they be treated as separate domains or, more excitingly, become a dual enterprise. That is, Jungian studies expands by seeing how the creativity innate to Jung emerges into knowing through arts-based research. Conversely, arts-based research is deepened by the Jungian practice of psyche. What arises is a Jungian arts-based research as we show by two major examples in later chapters. Ultimately such a reorienting of a field within psychology, such as Jung's, and the multidisciplinary endeavor of arts-based research, can point to a transdisciplinary transformation of learning. Such a future would have important implications for the academy, for societies and cultures, and religions, as described by transdisciplinary theorist, Basarab Nicolescu (2014). Transdisciplinarity is a new framework for knowledge and so too is arts-based research. Key examples in both paradigms are offered in this book by Joel Weishaus's The Nuclear Enchantment of New Mexico, 1 (2019) and Jung's Liber Novus or The Red Book (2009). Therefore, this book is for audiences in which disciplines are related without having to be enacted in a hierarchy, a feature of both transdisciplinarity and arts-based research. For example, this book is for those engaged in arts-based research who seek psychological dynamism within creativity. They will find it in Jungian psychology which is based on the notion of an innately creative psyche oriented towards meaning-making. Such practitioners may come to this book seeking Jung or merely aiming to deepen and extend their practice. As the first four chapters will demonstrate, Jung provides arts-based research with theories and practices that go far beyond psychotherapy to broader concerns of image-making, historical meaning, philosophy and spiritual practice. These concerns augment existing arts-based strategies. This book is also for Jungians who want to understand or embark upon arts-based research, not least because arguably C. G. Jung pioneered creative practice as a way of knowing in The Red Book (2009), which will be examined in chapter 4. Those not directly engaged in art-making should also find this book insightful in showing that Jungian studies is already at home in this mode of academic inquiry. Arts-based research enhances what Jungian studies can be, and where it can find new domains of applicability. In short, Jung and arts-based research (often ABR for brevity) can extend the kinds of knowing and being possible in making new knowledge. Ultimately, I suggest that Jungian ABR amounts to a paradigm that brings together

- by Susan A Rowland
- •
- Literature, Poetry, Nuclear Weapons, Jungian psychology

The term "irredentist" is not typically used in reference to American ethnic groups. It comes from the Italian phrase terra irredenta, meaning “unredeemed land,” which was used originally in the late nineteenth century to refer to Italian-speaking territories under Austrian rule. However, this paper argues that "American irredentist" can describe Mexican-Americans, Native Hawaiians, Eskimos/Aleuts, and Puerto Ricans. Each of these groups is different, with a different history and a different culture, but considering them as American irredentists alters our way of looking at them and their special relationships to the United States.

- by David S Cohen
- •
- Sociology, Anthropology, Immigration, Self-Determination Theory

This essay provides a panorama of Traditional Northern New Mexican Spanish

- by Damián Vergara Wilson and +1
- •
- Spanish, Code-Switching, Spanish Linguistics, Loanwords, Language contact & change
- by Miroslava Chavez-Garcia
- •
- New Mexico History, Early New Mexico History

In the middle of the eighteenth century, Franciscan martyr portraits became popular in monastic spaces of the Spanish viceroyalties of central Mexico. To visually construct the meritorious life of these martyrs, artists drew inspiration from hagiographic chronicles that described various Native rebellions, which featured the graphic depiction of the gruesome deaths of friars. The prospect of martyrdom enticed novices to follow in their footsteps in service to God, but also to the Crown, whose presence in to the northern territories of New Spain intensified during the period of the Bourbon reforms. In this essay, I explore this propagandistic approach to martyr images by analyzing examples anchored to the Franciscan missionary history of New Mexico.

- by Emmanuel Ortega
- •
- Art History, Violence, Colonialism, Liminality
- by Norbert Spehner
- •
- Westerns, New Mexico History, Outlaws, Billy the Kid
- by Lena McQuade
- •
- Women's Studies, Midwifery, Public Health, New Mexico History

Construction and maintenance activities over the past several decades have exposed a series of possible architectural alignments in an area of Walatowa village (modern Jemez Pueblo) identified in Jemez oral traditions as the location of the “Old Church.” During the summer of 2017, a small team led by Harvard professor Dr. Matt Liebmann and Jemez Pueblo Cultural Resources Manager Chris Toya conducted exploratory excavations with the goal of better understanding these features and their historical context. This field report details the initial results of this work along with early interpretations of the finds and plans for continued collaboration and investigation.

RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics, vol. 65/66 (2014/2015).

- by Matthew Liebmann and +1
- •
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), Landscape Archaeology
- by Erin Hegberg
- •
- Historical Archaeology, New Mexico History

In Albuquerque, New Mexico, sexually explicit literature penned by a female author, and distributed by an African American teaching assistant in an introductory English course at the University of New Mexico (UNM) served as the catalyst that defined the state's sexual revolution. In March 1969, instructor Lionel Williams discussed second generation Beat poet Lenore Kandel's "Love-Lust Poem" on the pleasures of heterosexual oral sex with his students. The event, which came to be known as the Love-Lust controversy, triggered a statewide public conversation over the proper place of sex in society. UNM students, staff and faculty, legislators, parents, church parishioners, and members of civic organizations who perceived the erotic poem as a threat to the moral fabric of society, opposed the expansion of sexual liberalism and reinforced conventional sexual morality. Faculty and students, the nucleus of "Love-Lust Poem" defenders , challenged sexual conventions of whiteness, maleness, and heteronormativity, and in their protest efforts opened forums for debating new sexual standards on campus and in public. Literary writers such as Kandel also helped to secure a place for frank sexual speech in America, and educators, such as Williams, defended the right to disseminate permissive content. New Mexico newspapers and the New Mexico Daily Lobo (UNM's student paper) reported on the unfolding.

Since the late 19th Century, Eduard Seler and others recognized that the Late Postclassic Central Mexican deity, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli--"the God of Dawn"--embodied Venus as the Morning Star. With roots in Early Postclassic Toltec-related iconography, this deity is often depicted as a skeletal and stellar war god shooting darts. A closely related ritual complex emphasized fertility and warfare and was centered upon stars, feathered serpents, and celestial darts. This study examines this complex in the art of ancient Central Mexico and Northwest Mesoamerica and relates it to strikingly similar iconographic motifs and a historically related cosmology evident in Pueblo IV kiva murals and rock art and in present-day beliefs and practices among Pueblo people in the American Southwest. The transmission of these beliefs during the Postclassic period through West Mexico via expanding communication and economic networks implicates the Aztatlán culture as a fundamental link in the movement of a new or highly refined religion into the prehispanic American Southwest by AD 1300.

- by Michael Mathiowetz and +1
- •
- Religion, Comparative Religion, History, Ancient History

Conflict over land, water, and ownership of both wracked territorial New Mexico as international borders moved through it, this thesis specifically addresses this conflict in the Mesilla Valley. Extensive primary and secondary sources along with historical theoretical frameworks are used to investigate the context and history of the region. Modernity, the expansion of the capitalist federal United States government, and border determination all play key parts in this thesis.

This dissertation explores how seventeenth-century Spanish colonial households expressed their group identity at a regional level in New Mexico. Through the material remains of daily practice and repetitive actions, identity markers tied to adornment, technological traditions, and culinary practices are compared between 14 assemblages to test four identity models. Seventeenth-century colonists were eating a combination of Old World domesticates and wild game on colonoware and majolica serving vessels, cooking using Indigenous pottery, grinding with Puebloan style tools, and conducting household scale production and prospecting. While assemblages are consistent in basic composition, variations are present tied to socioeconomic status. This blending of material culture into a new set of identity markers points to a self-sufficient, household-based settlement pattern linked throughout the region, representing the transition over time from a broader New Spain material culture package to a New Mexico colonial identity package, which eventually developed into the modern Nuevo Mexicano identity.

- by Caroline Gabe
- •
- American History, Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Architecture

The 1680 Pueblo Revolt was the single largest native uprising in New Mexico colonial history (1540-1821). The event, which resulted in the temporary expulsion of Spanish colonists from New Mexico, was the culmination of nearly a century of tension between invading Spaniards and the Pueblo Indians. However, this large-scale revolt was not the only act of rebellion that took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries in colonial New Mexico. In Acoma Pueblo, a native settlement in western New Mexico, a rebellion took place in 1599 that permanently altered the nature of native-Spanish relations in the region. The Acoma Massacre, a tragedy that would forever haunt the Pueblo people, was one of several major cultural clashes foreshadowing the later Pueblo Revolt. This book explores the many social, political, and economic causes of the Pueblo Revolt, and how these causes are reflected today in the archaeological record.

- by Hannah Toombs
- •
- History, Southwestern Archaeology, New Mexico History, Pueblo Indians

Se examina la danza de Matachines en Nuevo México a partir de las versiones que se bailan en la comunidad hispano-mexicana de Alcalde, principal objeto de reflexión, y la comunidad tewa de Ohkay Owingeh (antes San Juan Pueblo) que sirve como instancia comparativa. A partir del análisis de su estructura simbólica, la revisión crítica de las hipótesis que los estudiosos han formulado sobre su origen y el examen de un grupo alterno de matachinas mujeres recientemente formado en Alcalde se argumenta que:

Si bien la danza de matachines en Nuevo México articula significados alusivos a la conquista y la cristianización de la población indígena colonizada por los españoles en el siglo XVII, puede tener también un sustrato mesoamericano y ha servido, además, como elemento identitario para resistir a la penetración anglosajona posterior a 1847.
La reciente feminización de la danza se asocia con las dificultades que ésta encuentra para seguir cumpliendo funciones de cohesión social y reproducción cultural en una situación de modernización capitalista y segregación étnica como la que hoy se vive en el norte de Nuevo México.

...they were a people from the rural villages of New Mexico, who found their common origins in the Spanish colony’s slave trade with the nomadic tribes of the region. Silences have grown from their history because its historical and ethnic complexity does not fit into the narrative of the United States, and the trauma associated with the violent memories of human trafficking and servitude are not easily reconciled. Genízaro identity was created from marginalization. The aim of this essay is to locate the silenced Genízaro peoples in history and track the existence of their personal and collective identities as they struggled to survive throughout history and into the present.

- by Dakota Dominguez
- •
- Chicano Studies, Latino/A Studies, Native American Studies, History of Slavery
- by Erin Hegberg
- •
- Historical Archaeology, New Mexico History, Historical Mining

The Salinas region of Central New Mexico is known historically and prehistorically to have been a route for trade and raiding between the Plains and Rio Grande Valley. The positioning of at least two sites in the area on high points, Gran Quivira (LA 120) and Pueblo de la Mesa (LA 2091) indicate defensive intent, and by extension, possible use as signaling stations during periods of trade or warfare. The purpose of this study was to determine, through use of archaeological survey and GIS viewshed analysis, whether high points in the area may have been used for line-of-sight communication.

- by Ward Beers
- •
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Communication
- by Pedro de Eguiluz
- •
- Architecture, Olmec archaeology, Arqueología, Mexico

Like an organism sitting and breathing on its site in the Chihuahuan desert, the Swan House is a building of organic beauty and hybrid cultural intelligence. Simone Swan has created an architectural and environmental project that re-examines and promotes traditional adobe building while introducing compatible forms, such as the Nubian vault and dome. Swan studied with the great Egyptian architect, Hassan Fathy, in his Cairo studio and after his death in 1989 adopted his mission of helping house the world’s poor. Simone Swan: Adobe Building is the first book to discuss and illustrate Swan’s architecture while also chronicling one of her annual workshops in Dollens’s first-hand account. Dollens suggests that by biologically analyzing historic adobe we may be able to hybridize its constituents as replacements for current toxic materials, creating new biomimetic, adobe-related building materials suitable for green architecture.

- by Danna A Levin Rojo
- •
- History of Cartography, New Mexico History

The Spanish colonization of New Mexico brought together populations with different perspectives on space and landscape, each drawing upon extensive cultural and historical roots. While in some cases Spanish and Pueblo attitudes exhibited considerable tangency, in other areas these perspectives clashed, contributing to painful processes of culture contact and change. Drawing on recent work at Paako, a seventeenth-century Pueblo village and visita, this paper explores the articulation of Spanish and Pueblo concepts of space and place at multiple scales, successively examining these processes within the village, the broader Paako community, and the New Mexico colony as a whole.

This is a seminar syllabus design by George Scheper and Laraine Fletcher on the subject of Pueblo studies, that focuses first on new directions in archaeological study of the Ancestral Pueblo (or Anasazi) peoples of the Prehispanic Southwest, and then on the cultural histories of individual Pueblo communities, including Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, and Laguna, and the Pueblo communities of the Northern Rio Grande, including the impact of various Eastern interest groups coming into the Santa Fe area, as anthropologists, missionaries, collectors, impresarios, or bohemians.
An assessment of new directions in Puebloan Studies, with comments on influential scholarship that is currently changing the field..

In attempting to work out the chronological relationship between newly discovered mammoth kills and plant processing sites in southern Arizona in the 1950s, Emil Haury succinctly concluded, “the hunters were here first.” In the ensuing decades, it became clear that underlying the relatively conspicuous archaeological record of the agricultural Southwest is an abundant record of Paleoindian occupations, with a correspondingly abundant history of significant discoveries and insights regarding late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in western North America. This presentation reviews the role of the Greater Southwest in past and present Paleoindian research, and serves as an introduction and context for the papers that follow in The Paleoindian Southwest symposium.

This course examines the practices of state authority and, in particular, the histories and ongoing patterns of police violence in the United States. We focus on the practice of police violence as a particular expression and exercise in state power and form of social control. We explore police-society relations broadly, and the legal context of policing and efforts to impose community oversight in particular, in order to understand both the persistence of police violence and popular efforts to organize against it. We will focus our attention on police-society relations in Albuquerque and, in particular, on the last five years, a period in which APD has killed 27 people, many of whom were unarmed. The Department of Justice concluded most of those killings were unjustified and that APD engages in a pattern of unconstitutional policing the routine use of unjustified force.

- by David Correia
- •
- Critical Theory, Native American Studies, American Studies, Violence

Perhaps the most pervasive myth among New Mexican Spanish speakers is the
notion that New Mexican Spanish is an archaic form of Castilian. This idea comes from
the misconception that New Mexico existed in a continuous state of isolation, separated
from the rest of New Spain and the later Mexican Republic by hundreds of miles and for
hundreds of years, causing its colonial inhabitants to retain the language of sixteenthcentury
Spain (Nichols 1974). This idealized vision of Spanish “purity” has been
repeated so often, and with such near-religious zeal, that is has come to be accepted as
fact in many circles. However, this romanticized version of New Mexican Spanish
simply doesn’t exist.

- by Kurly Tlapoyawa
- •
- Mesoamerican Archaeology, Nahuatl, New Mexico History
- by Michael Trujillo
- •
- Chicana/o Studies, New Mexico History, Southwest Studies, New Mexico

- by Phil Leckman
- •
- Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Colonialism, Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology)