Pharmacopoeia Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Berberis aristata DC and Nigella sativa L. are officially listed in various Indian Pharmacopoeia and AYUSH official documents. Prescribed for different ailments for proven medicinal activities, they thus became part of polyherbal... more
Berberis aristata DC and Nigella sativa L. are officially listed in various Indian Pharmacopoeia and AYUSH official documents. Prescribed for different ailments for proven medicinal activities, they thus became part of polyherbal medications. With reverse pharmacology and scientific validation, more than 30 patents are filed on different formulations of B. aristata and granted. Nigella sativa L. has been broadly studied for its therapeutic potential and wide range of activities against cardiovascular, diabetic, cancer, and life style disorders. Thus, this study is aimed at standardizing B. aristata and N. sativa and their antineoplasia activity in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mouse models. Molecular docking was done using the Schrodinger program Maestro 9.0. Herbal extracts and essential oil (B. aristata and N. sativa) were standardized and quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) (CAMAG) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) (Agilent 2010GC System) with validated methods. DMBA was administered orally once a week (1mg/ 200 µL) to each animal except the normal control. Hematology, histopathology, and immunoassays were performed, and data were analyzed and depicted with GraphPad and SPSS. In molecular docking, thymoquinone showed the highest docking score (9.519, 9.211, and 9.042, respectively) in the active site pockets of IL6 (PDB ID: 4CNI and 5FCU), TNF (PDB ID: 2AZ5), and VEGF (PDB ID: 4KZN). Out of all four target sites, thymoquinone and berberine showed good binding affinity with IL6 (PDB ID: 4CNI) compared to αand β-pinenes. HPTLC analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract showed the presence of berberine both qualitatively and quantitatively (5.4% berberine), and thymoquinone detected 0.17% in the N. sativa extract. GCMS for essential oil showed 26 compounds including ±pinene. Leukocytes and erythrocytes of N. sativa and B. aristata were analyzed, and significant improvements were recorded (P < 0.05) and graphically presented. Mean survival time was calculated by the Kaplan Meier method (119 days). Immunoassay analyses were conducted, namely, TNF-α and VEGF, and interpreted and marked.
Dược điển Việt Nam V 2017 - tập 1
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Due to its location between West and East, Russian phytotherapist have accumulated and adopted approaches originating in European and Asian traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is a separate branch of... more
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Due to its location between West and East, Russian phytotherapist have accumulated and adopted approaches originating in European and Asian traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is a separate branch of medicine in Russia and herbal medicinal preparations are official medicaments. The aim of the present review is to summarize and critically appraise the data concerning plants used in Russian medicine. This review describes the history of herbal medicine in Russia, current situation and pharmacological effects of those specific plants of Russian Pharmacopoeia which are not included in European Pharmacopoeia.
Materials and methodsBased on the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, 11th edition we selected plant species which have not been adopted widely in Western and Centrral Europe (e.g. via the inclusion in the European Pharmacopoeia and systematically searched the scientific literature for data on the speices, effectiveness, pharmacological effects and safety.
Results: The Russian Federation follows the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, 11th edition which contains 83 individual monographs for plants. About 60 % of plants are referred in European Pharmacopoeia and well studied in Europe, while 32 plants are included in Pharmacopoeia of USSR only. Many articles about medicinal plants were newer translated in English and a lot of information collected by scientists was not available for international communitySuch knowledge can be applied in the expansion of the use of well studied medicinal plants of Russia in the pharmacotherapy of European and other countries as well as for the further discovery of new drugs based on them.
Conclusion: The review highlights the potential of some of these species and the drugs derived from them, but it also highlights cases where concern about the products safety and tolerability would prevent a future use both in Russia and other countries.
Ethnopharmacrological relevance: Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi, highly appreciated by the inhabitants of hot-desert settlements. Native Saharan people use truffles for food, promoting tourism, increasing fertility, and... more
Ethnopharmacrological relevance: Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi, highly appreciated by the inhabitants of hot-desert settlements. Native Saharan people use truffles for food, promoting tourism, increasing fertility, and treatment of eye diseases and fatigue.
Aim of the study: This study consists of a cross-sectional survey focusing on the knowledge, use and ethnomycological practices of desert truffles among the native people of the Algerian Northern Sahara.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted through direct interviews with 60 truffle-hunters in the regions of Ouargla and Ghardaia.
Results: Three species were harvested and consumed by the surveyed subjects: Terfezia claveryi was the most appreciated and most expensive species, followed by Terfezia areanaria moderately preferred, then Tirmania nivea the least appreciated and least expensive. Among the 60 interviewees, 90% rely on the abundance of symbiotic plants (Helianthemum lippii) to harvest truffles, 65% begin harvesting from mid-February to March, after rains of the autumn (38 %) and winter (36%), particularly in the Wadi beds (37%) and Daya landscapes (32%). Interviewees harvested truffles mainly for home consumption; however 26.7% sell any harvest surplus, and of those only 15% generate significant revenue from this source, and 73% considered the sale of desert truffles to have low financial value. Desert truffles are used in traditional medicine, especially against eye infections (22%), weakness (19%) and to promote male fertility (19%). In the case of desert truffles for consumption, the surveyed population preferred to prepare the truffles with couscous and meat, or in porridge. Respondents used price as the main criterion for deciding whether to purchase desert truffles.
Conclusions: The surveyed trufflers use the knowledge passed from one generation to the next to help ensure a good harvest of truffles during each foray into the desert. Our findings highlight the various uses of truffles in the Sahara Desert, and how these relate to the lifestyle of local people.
Keywords: Algeria; Northern Sahara; Ethnomycology; desert truffles; traditional knowledge; medicinal use.
A critical editio princeps of the cuneiform pharmacopoeia entitled Šammu šikinšu, presenting its text in transliterated and normalized formats. Two appendices deal with closely related texts on the arts and lore of ancient Mesopotamia's... more
A critical editio princeps of the cuneiform pharmacopoeia entitled Šammu šikinšu, presenting its text in transliterated and normalized formats. Two appendices deal with closely related texts on the arts and lore of ancient Mesopotamia's physicians and pharmacists. A third one gives a hand-copy by the author of one of the clay tablets that constitute the handbook's text.
The importance of exotic plants in European botany of the 18thcentury concerned not only the species of edible plants but also the abundant vegetal species used for therapeutic purposes. Italian pharmacies also made sure to have available... more
The importance of exotic plants in European botany of the 18thcentury concerned not only the species of edible plants but also the abundant vegetal species used for therapeutic purposes. Italian pharmacies also made sure to have available plants with certified therapeutic properties. In many pharmacies of that time, we can find pharmacopoeias, medical
formularies and recipes where these exotic plants were mentioned as ingredients of brews and decoctions celebrating their healing properties. Some pharmacies had full collections of vases to store these medical products. In this view, the literary sources from the Emilian pharmacies of the 18th century are particularly rich. Emilian pharmacists could also take advantage of the studies of the University of Bologna, one of the leading medical universities in Europe, whose tradition dates back to the medieval period. In the 18th century, famous physicians and scientists lectured at Bologna, such as Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694), Ferdinando Marsili (1658-1730), Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771), and Antonio Maria Valsalva (1666-1723). At that time, the inclusion of the new exotic drugs in the Hippocratic galenictradition was not an easy task. It was also not easy to conciliate the different approaches that the introduction of these new plants brought to medical science. Thanks to
this material, it is possible to reconstruct its significant practical and theoretical contribution to the Italian medical culture of the 1700s.
Medicinal practices were critical in ancient societies, yet we have limited insight into these practices outside references found in ancient texts. Meanwhile, historic and ethnographic resources have documented how a number of plants,... more
Medicinal practices were critical in ancient societies, yet we have limited insight into these practices outside references found in ancient texts. Meanwhile, historic and ethnographic resources have documented how a number of plants, from across the landscape, are assembled into pharmacopoeias and transformed into materia medica. These documentary resources attest to diverse healthcare practices that incorporate botanical elements, while residues in the archaeological record (seeds, phytoliths and starch grains) point to a variety of activities, some of them therapeutic in nature. Focusing on four pre-Hispanic communities in northwestern Honduras, I draw upon ethnobotanical and ethnobiological knowledge to infer medical practices potentially represented by ancient plant residues. Comparing these findings with prior investigations, I address the limits of dividing taxa into mutually exclusive categories such as 'food', 'fuel' and 'medicine'. I consider the importance of apothecary craft in past lifeways, as well as the persistence of many traditions in contemporary medical practice.
Se presenta una síntesis de las características de los productos naturales que se aplican entre las etnias del Gran Chaco. Se sitúan estos artículos curativos en los conceptos e ideas que tienen estas sociedades con respecto al... more
Se presenta una síntesis de las características de los productos naturales que se aplican entre las etnias del Gran Chaco. Se sitúan estos artículos curativos en los conceptos e ideas que tienen estas sociedades con respecto al tratamiento de las dolencias.