Resin infusion Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

A method of impregnating a flexible, porous cellulosic sheet material involves passing the sheet through a low viscosity resin and across the resonant vibrating surface and through a cavitated zone in close proximity to at least one... more

A method of impregnating a flexible, porous cellulosic sheet material involves passing the sheet through a low viscosity resin and across the resonant vibrating surface and through a cavitated zone in close proximity to at least one completely immersed ultrasonic wave genera tor, operating at a frequency and radiated power level effective to provide a combination vibratory pressure on the resin and cavitation effect causing degassing and heating of the resin, followed by passing the impreg nated sheet through a drying means.

The evolution in the resin infusion process is due to cost reduction, environmental regulations and the high quality of composites manufactured using these techniques. The resin infusion process essentially consists of using vacuum... more

The evolution in the resin infusion process is due to cost reduction, environmental regulations and the high quality of composites manufactured using these techniques. The resin infusion process essentially consists of using vacuum pressure to flow the resin through layers of dry materials (placed in a mold and covered by a vacuum bag) through carefully placed pipes. Once an infusion has started, little can be done to correct any errors; which normally lead to the total loss of the piece. For this reason, experience is acquired through a process of trial and error. Therefore, here we present a review of the available knowledge, techniques and matrices used, as well as a review of the state of the art on what has been done regarding the techniques used and properties obtained in composites with the inclusion of natural fibers.

The possibility of data transfer from injection molding software, as Moldex3D, to structural software, as ABAQUS, can be a valuable asset to computationally represent the behavior of an injection molded part. Resulting from the injection... more

The possibility of data transfer from injection molding software, as Moldex3D, to structural software, as ABAQUS, can be a valuable asset to computationally represent the behavior of an injection molded part. Resulting from the injection molding process, part residual stress, fiber orientation or mechanical properties can be directly transmitted to the structural software. However to increase structural analysis reliability especially for composite materials such as short fiber reinforced plastics sometimes it is important to resort to an auxiliary CAE software in order to accurately predict the anisotropic properties and the non-linear material behavior of the injected component. In this way the present thesis focuses in studying the integration of the multi-scale modeling tool Digimat as an interface program for data transfer from the injection molding program Moldex3D to ABAQUS. Within this study it will be performed a creation of a material model using a “Reverse Engineering” pr...

The development of composite materials has represented many advances in the naval, aeronautical and aerospace sector complying with specific properties that increase the strength of the material, depending on the application being used... more

The development of composite materials has represented many advances in the naval, aeronautical and aerospace sector complying with specific properties that increase the strength of the material, depending on the application being used and the environmental conditions to which it is exposed. Composite materials as the constituted with carbon fiber reinforcements of epoxy type matrix, nowadays are used for the manufacture of components in the structure of the aircrafts for their reductions of weight and fuel in contrast to the common use of metallic alloys. Due to the importance of epoxy resin and its use in industrial processes will be considered object of study in this project. Despite of these advantages, other challenges to overcome are the development of cheaper production process and new techniques of processing to the manufacturing of components with structural functions; one of them is the resin infusion which is based on the impregnation of thin films of dry fabrics through ...

The demand for thermoplastic composites is continuously increasing because these materials offer many advantages over their thermoset counterparts, such as high toughness, long storage time, easy repairing and recycling, and ability to be... more

The demand for thermoplastic composites is continuously increasing because these materials offer many advantages over their thermoset counterparts, such as high toughness, long storage time, easy repairing and recycling, and ability to be thermoformed and heat-welded. However, the manufacturing of thermoplastic composite parts using liquid composite moulding techniques (e.g. resin transfer moulding, vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding … ) is often tricky in the case of melt processing where high temperature and pressure should be chosen to impregnate the fibre reinforcement because of the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics. These issues may be overcome by means of reactive processing where a fibrous preform is first impregnated by a low viscosity mono- or oligomeric precursor and the polymerization of the thermoplastic matrix then occurs in-situ. This article draws a state of the art on the manufacturing characteristics of continuous fibre reinforced acrylic-based reactive th...

The administration of high/low dose of anesthesia during surgery may cause lethal effect to the patient. To avoid such situation, the anesthetist administers few milliliters of anesthesia at regular intervals to the patient. To overcome... more

The administration of high/low dose of anesthesia during surgery may cause lethal effect to the patient. To avoid such situation, the anesthetist administers few milliliters of anesthesia at regular intervals to the patient. To overcome such tedi-ous problems, this project aims to design an effective microcontroller based automatically operated anesthesia machine. In the proposed Automatic Anesthesia Regularization System, anesthesia level is controlled by multi-task feedback and microcontroller system, based on patient’s condition. The Automatic Anesthesia Controller designed using microcontroller aids to control anesthesia levels during the course of surgery. Mechanical syringe infusion pump is provided to deliver an-esthesia to the patient. The anesthetist can set the keypad to administer the dose of anesthesia in terms of milliliters per hour. The keypad transmits the analog signal to the microcontroller to control the required dose of anesthesia to be fed into DC motor to opera...

The demand for thermoplastic composites is continuously increasing because these materials offer many advantages over their thermoset counterparts, such as high toughness, long storage time, easy repairing and recycling, and ability to be... more

The demand for thermoplastic composites is continuously increasing because these materials offer many advantages over their thermoset counterparts, such as high toughness, long storage time, easy repairing and recycling, and ability to be thermoformed and heat-welded. However, the manufacturing of thermoplastic composite parts using liquid composite moulding techniques (e.g. resin transfer moulding, vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding …) is often tricky in the case of melt processing where high temperature and pressure should be chosen to impregnate the fibre reinforcement because of the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics. These issues may be overcome by means of reactive processing where a fibrous preform is first impregnated by a low viscosity mono- or oligomeric precursor and the polymerization of the thermoplastic matrix then occurs in-situ.
This article draws a state of the art on the manufacturing characteristics of continuous fibre reinforced acrylic-based reactive thermoplastics (e.g. polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) such as Elium), which are becoming more and more popular compared to other fast curing thermosets and thermoplastics for in-situ polymerization. Techniques for the in-situ polymerization of methymethacrylate monomers, characterization and modelling of the rheological properties and polymerization kinetics, and some manufacturing related issues such as polymerization shrinkage are reviewed. Particular features of the use of reactive PMMA in different manufacturing techniques of continuous fibre reinforced composites and potential industrial applications are also introduced. Finally, some perspectives for the academic research and industrial development are proposed.

The objective of this proposed system design is to eliminate human errors while injecting specific amount of anaesthetic drug to the patient during surgery. Because anaesthesia remains the severe pain in the backbone in many of the cases.... more

The objective of this proposed system design is to eliminate human errors while injecting specific amount of anaesthetic drug to the patient during surgery. Because anaesthesia remains the severe pain in the backbone in many of the cases. At the hospitals when any minor or major operation is performed it is compulsory that a patient must be in anaesthetic condition. Before injecting the drug the anaesthesiologist must measure the quantity of anaesthesia. In addition to this anaesthesiologist should have information about body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate within given period of time. The huge amount of dosage cannot be injected in a single stroke. If a surgery takes long duration of time for 7 to 8 hours, then complete dosage cannot be injected in one stroke which may leads to the death of a patient. If the amount of dosage is less than the patient might wake up in the middle of operation. To overcome this problem the anaesthesiologist injects few millimetres of anaesthesia per hour, if an anaesthetist miss to inject the anaesthesia in a given interval of time the patient may suffer from many health problems. This project is designed to avoid such problems while performing the operation. In this paper any changes in the level of anaesthesia in the patient's body it will automatically inject the drug through infusion pump with the help of data acquired by the sensors. Based on the rotations of the dc motor the anaesthesia injected into the patient.

This paper concentrates on aiding anesthetist for administering anesthesia to the patient in a permissible rate. Administering anesthesia at a slight excess range may cause fatal effect to patient, so it is with the anesthetist to keep it... more

This paper concentrates on aiding anesthetist for administering anesthesia to the patient in a permissible rate. Administering anesthesia at a slight excess range may cause fatal effect to patient, so it is with the anesthetist to keep it in safe limit. In past few years the death toll due to improper anesthesia administration has increased, so it is high time to provide support to medical field in this aspect.

Conceptual Monitoring of high/low portion of sedation during medical procedure may cause a deadly impact on the patient. To conquer such an impact on the patient, the anesthetist manages not many milliliters of sedation at customary... more

Conceptual Monitoring of high/low portion of sedation during medical procedure may cause a deadly impact on the patient. To conquer such an impact on the patient, the anesthetist manages not many milliliters of sedation at customary spans. Sedation mixture might be a control framework, inside which anesthesiologists follow the strategy for foreseeing and applying the foreseen portion. to deal with a proper portion one should consistently screen diverse physiological boundaries. this can be a difficult work. Numerous specialists are attempted to encourage the response to the current issue. Sedation acceptance is identified with successive crucial sign variance like hypotension and hypertension. On the off chance that it's conceivable to precisely foresee pressure level a few minutes ahead, anesthesiologists can proactively give sedative administration before patients build up a hemodynamic issue. The objective of this paper is to build up a programmed Anesthesia regularization framework.

• Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the... more

• Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of this ...

Controlled and precise delivery of fluid is one of the essential requirement in many fluid flow applications such as micro fluidics, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, micro-machining and in medicinal biological systems. Such deliveries... more

Controlled and precise delivery of fluid is one of the essential requirement in many fluid flow applications such as micro fluidics, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, micro-machining and in medicinal biological systems. Such deliveries are commonly achieved using syringe pump which generally employs syringes driven by an electric motor. In this work a syringe pump is operated with a Raspberry Pi-System on Single Chip, which is more user friendly than a control with an ordinary microcontroller. It runs on Linux platform which is easy to code and control using Python language. The syringe pump is actuated by stepper motor which has 200 steps per revolution so that precise flow rate is possible compared to other electrical actuators. The stepper is connected to a Dual H-Bridge L293D motor driver, which in turn is powered through the GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output) pins-an integral part of the Raspberry pi. Lead screw mechanism is used in this work to transmit rotary motion of the motor to linear motion of syringe. The pitch length travelled by the screw is minimal and controllable, resulting in a precise flow rate of the fluid which is measured experimentally.

The heart rate and temperature are the vital parameters of human body. All diseases are directly or indirectly related with heart rate and temperature. Variation in temperature and heart rate are main indication of problems affecting the... more

The heart rate and temperature are the vital parameters of human body. All diseases are directly or indirectly related with heart rate and temperature. Variation in temperature and heart rate are main indication of problems affecting the body. There will be a shortage of electricity in places like remote and tribal areas and it is very difficult to run this type of device. So we are adding solar power to energies the monitoring system. The heart of our system is ATmega 328 microcontroller. The program for calculating the physiological variable was added to Arduino software. When fingertip is placed over the heart rate sensor and temperature sensor the values can be viewed with help of LCD. If the temp is above 37 degree Celsius buzzer beeps alerting the condition of the patient. This solar powered device is very reliable and helpful for saving life of patient living in remote and tribal areas.

In the hospital when any major operation is performed the patient must be in anesthetize condition. If the operation lasts for a long time, say for suppose for 4 or 5 hours, complete dose of anesthesia cannot be administered in a single... more

In the hospital when any major operation is performed the patient must be in anesthetize condition. If the operation lasts for a long time, say for suppose for 4 or 5 hours, complete dose of anesthesia cannot be administered in a single stroke. It may lead to the patient's death. If lower amount of anesthesia is administered, the patient may wakeup at the middle of the operation. To avoid this, the anesthetist administers for milliliters of anesthesia per hour to the patient. If the anesthetist fails to administer the anesthesia to the patient at the particular time interval, other allied problems may arise. To overcome such hazardous problems the design of an automatic operation of an anesthesia machine based on a micro-controller is effective. In general, Anesthesia provides depression on Central Nervous System o patient to lose his consciousness and ease to further treatment. Local anesthetic affects sensation at the applied region and aids to surgical operation performed. To maintain the anesthesia levels considering the patient's health anaesthesiologist works as multi task feedback controller to regulate drugs titration. In Automatic Anesthesia Controller, anesthesia levels are controlled as well as feedback is regulated by microcontroller considering the physiological parameters of patient specially including heart beat. Automatic Anesthesia Controller designed of microcontroller aids in controlling anesthesia levels during surgery, Heart Beat Sensor to calculate heart rate of patient and mechanical arrangement of syringes for the provision of anesthesia to patient. In this system a keypad is provided along with the microcontroller and syringe infusion pump. The anesthetist can set the level of anesthesia in terms of milliliters per hour to administer anesthesia to the patient with the help of keypad. After receiving the signal from the keypad, the microcontroller controls the signal to desire level and fed into the DC motor to drive the infusion pump in proper manner. The anesthesia is administered to the patient according to the DC motor rotation. This particular module will be very much useful to physicians to see the current position of anesthesia of the patients.

— Anesthesia is administered to the patients while doing major surgery. The doctors should be very careful in administering the amount of anesthesia. Because if the amount exceeds it may threaten the life of the patient. If the lesser... more

— Anesthesia is administered to the patients while doing major surgery. The doctors should be very careful in administering the amount of anesthesia. Because if the amount exceeds it may threaten the life of the patient. If the lesser amount is delivered then the patient may feel the pain and also it may cause disturbance during the surgery. To overcome the patient's disturbance an automatic anesthesia regularization system is designed based on the patient's EEG signal. The EEG is the physiologic signal that is very much helpful in monitoring the patient's condition. The patient's awake condition can be easily seen through the EEG signal. If the patient was waked up then there will be some variation in the EEG signal so that it indicates anesthesia should be administered. A syringe pump is used for delivering the anesthesia. A stepper motor is used for the automatic regularization.

In general, permeability measurement results show a strong scattering according to the measurement method, the type of test fluid and the fluid injection condition, even though permeability is regarded as a unique property of porous... more

In general, permeability measurement results show a strong scattering according to the measurement method, the type of test fluid and the fluid injection condition, even though permeability is regarded as a unique property of porous medium. In particular, the discrepancy between the unsaturated and saturated permeabilities for the same fabric has been widely reported. In the literature, relative permeability has been adopted to model the unsaturated flow. This approach has some limits in the modeling of double-scale porosity medium. We address this issue of permeability measurement by rigorously examining the mass conservation condition. Finally, we identify that the pressure gradient is non-linear with positive curvature in the unsaturated flow and a misinterpretation of pressure gradient is the main reason for the difference between the saturated and unsaturated permeabilities of the same fiber reinforcement. We propose to use a fixed value of permeability and to modify the mass conservation equation if there are air voids, which are entrapped inside the fiber tow. Finally, we also suggest some guidelines and future perspectives to obtain more consistent permeability measurement results.