The big five Research Papers (original) (raw)

In an increasingly fast-changing, complex and diverse world, social and emotional skills are becoming ever more important. In this paper we present an overview of literature on social and emotional skills, describing the nature and structure of these skills, their development, malleability and factors that influence them, their cross-cultural comparability and their relevance for a wide range of educational, economic and life outcomes. The paper also represents a conceptual framework for the OECD’s new Study on Social and Emotional Skills, an international survey that assesses 10- and 15-year-old students in a number of cities and countries around the world.
We focus on the underlying skills within and outside of the widely researched Big Five model that are found to be more predictive and policy relevant. We examine the relationships of these skills with a variety of indicators of individual and societal wellbeing such as education, employment and income, health, and personal well-being. The paper discusses the structure of child’s social and emotional skills and the developmental trajectories of these skills across a lifetime. It presents the evidence of malleability of these skills as well as their relevance across a wide range of cultural contexts.

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- Personality Psychology, International Studies, Personality, The big five

Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Big Five
2.1 Discovery of the Big Five
2.2 Description and Explanation of the five factors
2.2.1 Extraversion
2.2.2 Agreeableness
2.2.3 Conscientiousness
2.2.4 Neuroticism
2.2.5 Openness
3. Brand Personality
3.1 The Brand Personality Construct
3.2 Aaker’s five-factor-solution and its critiques
3.3 Geuens’ Brand Personality Measure
4. Personality traits and customer behavior
4.1 Which customers should be targeted?
4.1.1 Satisfaction, Loyalty, Word-of-Mouth
4.1.2 Profiling
4. 2 How to target the customers?
5. Predicting personality
5.1 Facebook Profiles
5.2 Other findings
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
8. Appendix

- by Zsófia Hajnik
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- Marketing, The big five, Social Media, Brand Personality
- by Fatma Elzahraa Elsayed
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- The big five, Saudi Arabia, Facebook, Young Adult

People with synaesthesia not only have – by definition – unusual experiences (e.g., numbers triggering colour), they also have a different cognitive profile (e.g., in terms of their memory and perceptual abilities) and a bias towards certain interests and activities (e.g., towards the arts). However, virtually nothing
is known about whether synaesthetes have an atypical personality profile. In this study, a standard measure of personality was administered (Big Five Inventory) along with two questionnaire measures of empathy. Synaesthetes, relative to demographically matched controls, reported higher levels of ‘Openness to Experience’ which is known to be related to imagination and artistic tendencies. They also reported higher levels of ‘Fantasizing’ on one of the empathy measures, which is conceptually related to Openness, although their self-reported empathy did not differ in other respects. In addition, synaesthetes reported lower levels of Agreeableness which we did not predict in advance.

- by Elias Tsakanikos and +1
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- Personality Psychology, Perception, Creativity, Empathy (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial intent. Grit involves maintaining effort and interest in the pursuit of long-term goals, despite adversity, stagnation, or failure. Entrepreneurial intentions are a well-established indicator that represents an individual's conscious determination to start a new business. Secondary variables included the personality traits measured in the Big Five model (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Survey data were collected from over 500 undergraduate students at a Midwestern university in the United States. The results confirmed that there was a strong positive association between grit and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, independent samples t-tests revealed that high grit students showed greater entrepreneurial intent than low grit students. The data also indicated that grit fully mediated the predictive effect of conscientious and neuroticism on entrepreneurial intent. Overall, a better understanding of the influence of grit on entrepreneurial intent, given the presence of various diverse personality constellations, may help inform educators in preparing and delivering course content. The influence of grit may reduce the failure rate of new and young businesses launched by college-educated entrepreneurs.

- by Nikolaus Butz and +1
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- Entrepreneurship, Personality Psychology, Higher Education, Personality

The aim of this study was to investigate the personality differences between male and female students
according to brain asymmetries. 762 Subjects were chosen by random multi-session sampling method Tehran
Universities. Subjects administered the NEO-PI-R all in one session. As the sample distribution was not normal, the
results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U. The results showed that male students had higher scores than female
students only in neuroticism (p < 0.05). Female students had higher scores in extraversion, openness to experience,
agreeableness and conscientiousness (p < 0.05). Some parts of the results are not consistent with the literature on
Five-Factor Model of Personality. The differences in results are probably because of consideration of a wide range
of neuropsychological control variables.
Key Words: Five-factor model of personality (FFM), Gender, Asymmetry, Handedness, Eye Dominance.

- by Amir Mohammad Shahsavarani
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- The big five, Gender, Handedness, Asymmetry

The purpose of the current study was to respond to researchers’ calls to further illuminate the relations of the domains of vocational interests and personality (e.g., Lowman, 1991; Spokane, 1991; Waller, Lykken, & Tellegen, 1995). Specifically, we extended the empirical literature in this area by directly relating the RIASEC dimensions hypothesized by Prediger (1982; i.e., data/ideas and things/people) and by Hogan (1983; i.e., sociability and conformity) to the five-factor model of personality in a sample of 490 employed adults (mean age = 37). Results indicated strong links between personality and both sets of RIASEC dimensions, as well as somewhat different links for men and women in terms of both magnitude and pattern. Consistent with theory and related research, RIASEC dimensions were associated particularly strongly with the Big-Five dimensions of extraversion and openness, especially for men.

- by Ann R. Fischer
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- The big five, Career Guidance Counseling, Vocational Psychology, Riasec

This study assessed the statistical relationship between neuropsychological performance, IQ and personality test results and school grades in a longitudinal sample of adolescent males. One-hundred and forty-eight boys completed six years of WISC-R short forms (Block Design and Vocabulary) and provided six years of math and language grades and grade failure data while in elementary school. In junior high school, the same boys completed an extensive neuropsychological test battery and the NEO-PI-R, a standard big five personality trait measure. Neuropsychological test scores were more powerfully associated with grades than were IQ scores, despite their later and single administration. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that three of four neuropsychological test score factors (Verbal Learning, Executive Function, and Tactile Laterality improved the statistical association with six-year averaged failure-weighted grades over and above IQ (averaged Vocabulary and Block Design). NEO-PI-R Agreeableness was significantly and positively related to grades, over and above both IQ and neuropsychological function.

- by Jordan Peterson and +1
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- Personality Psychology, Neuropsychology, Personality, Intelligence

The current study aimed to expand our knowledge regarding social work students' willingness to engage in policy practice (EPP). A theoretical model integrating the Big Five personality framework with the 'Civic Voluntarism Model' (CVM) was examined, using a sample of 160 social work students in Israel. Findings revealed a moderate level of EPP willingness. Among the CVM predictors, political skills, political knowledge and political interest were significantly positively associated with social work stu-dents' EPP willingness. Among the Big Five traits, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience were significantly associated with EPP willingness. Path analysis showed that political skills were the strongest predictor of EPP willingness and that political skills and extroversion had a direct effect on EPP willingness. The significant mediation paths demonstrated the dynamics by which the study predictors interacted in explaining 49 per cent of the variance in EPP willingness. The study concluded that the examination of a model incorporating the Big Five personality traits and modified CVM predictors provided a comprehensive understanding of EPP willingness and, therefore, should be adopted to explain social workers' actual engagement in policy practice.

- by Daniela Olvera
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- Information Systems, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality

A cross-sectional correlational study that examined three possible predictors of naturally occurring mindfulness: trait anxiety, conscientiousness and openness. The sample comprised 115 participants of mixed age males and females, some with mediation experience and some without. Participants completed a four part self-report questionnaire containing measures for each of the four variables: mindfulness, openness, conscientiousness and trait anxiety. The overall model was supported as together trait anxiety, openness and conscientiousness explained 24% of mindfulness variance. Trait anxiety was significantly negatively predictive of mindfulness and although both openness and conscientiousness were hypothesised to be positively predictive, only openness was found to be significantly predicted of mindfulness.

- by Ayla Michelle Demir
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- Quantitative Psychology, Statistics, Multivariate Statistics, The big five
- by Joachim Stoeber
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- Psychology, Behavioural Science, Psychological Assessment, Personality Psychology

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) is a widely-used instrument to measure the two components of social desirability: self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM). With respect to scoring of the BIDR, Paulhus (1994) has authorized two methods, namely continuous scoring (all answers on the continuous answer scale are counted) and dichotomous scoring (only extreme answers are counted). In the present article, three studies with student samples are reported, and continuous and dichotomous scoring of BIDR subscales are compared with respect to reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to instructional variations, and correlations with personality. Across studies, the scores from continuous scoring (continuous scores) showed higher Cronbach's alphas than those from dichotomous scoring (dichotomous scores). Moreover, continuous scores showed higher convergent correlations with other measures of social desirability and more consistent effects with self-presentation instructions (fake-good versus fake-bad instructions). Finally, continuous SDE scores showed higher correlations with those traits of the five-factor model for which substantial correlations were expected (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness). Consequently, the present findings indicate that continuous scoring may be preferable to dichotomous scoring when assessing socially desirable responding with the BIDR.

- by Joachim Stoeber
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- Psychology, Psychological Assessment, Personality Psychology, Social Psychology

A broad, integrative theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between individual differences and various leader behaviors is presented; it proposes a new individual-differences construct called the motivation to lead (MTL). A large-scale study using 3 samples in different occupational and cultural contexts shows 3 factors underlying MTL, namely, affective-identity, noncalculative, and social-normative MTL. A parsimonious model of antecedents to MTL is developed through hierarchical regression modeling and is cross-validated using confirmatory latent variable modeling. MTL is shown to provide incremental validity over other predictors such as general cognitive ability, values, personality, and attitudes in the prediction of 2 behavioral measures of leadership potential. Findings are discussed with reference to the theoretical framework proposed for understanding individual differences in leader behavior.

- by KIM YIN CHAN
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- The big five, Leadership, Leadership Development, Individualism

The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were developed to measure behavioral traits related to 6 affective neurobiological systems (play, seek, care, fear, anger, and sadness). However, the ANPS has a number of problems, including an ill-defined factor structure, overly long scales, and items that are poorly worded, ambiguous, and of questionable content validity. To address these issues, we constructed an improved short form of the ANPS—the Brief ANPS (BANPS). Three studies demon- strated that the 33-item BANPS has a clear and coherent factor structure, relatively high reliabilities (for short scales), and theoretically meaningful correlations with a wide range of external criteria, supporting its convergent and discriminant validity. Unlike typical short-form scales, the BANPS improves upon the psychometric properties of the long form, and we recommend its use in all research contexts.

- by Frederick Barrett and +1
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- Personality, The big five, Affective Neuroscience, Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between broad and select narrow personality traits and knowledge sharing behavior of employees in workplace. This study especially contributes to literature of personality by uncovering the unexplored affective states in the context of knowledge sharing behavior. Sample was drawn by using simple random sampling without replacement technique. To test the hypotheses, correlation, regression and bootstrap mediation procedures were applied to the sample data. Testing a sample of 274 university teachers, significant associations were found between big five traits, proactive personality, creative self-efficacy, and knowledge sharing behavior. Openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, proactive personality and creative self-efficacy were positively related to knowledge sharing behavior, whereas, neuroticism was negatively related to knowledge sharing behavior in workplace. The relationship between extraversion, agreeableness and creative self-efficacy was partially mediated by positive affect and the relationship between neuroticism and knowledge sharing behavior was partially mediated by negative affect. In conclusion, members of organizations, at all levels, should be trained to manage their emotions and affective reactions intelligently to share knowledge effectively and gain maximum benefits from knowledge based assets. In addition, organizational tasks must be assigned to employees with suitable narrow or broad personality traits to maximize the performance level. All the sophisticated, scientific and technical works requiring high level of knowledge sharing should not be assigned to neurotic workers. However, agreeable, extrovert, conscientious and open individuals may handle all knowledge sharing activities effectively. It is also suggested that the works requiring scientific innovation and creativity could better be performed by people high in creative self-efficacy, whereas, knowledge works requiring manual dexterity like technology transfer, industry academia linkages and knowledge based networking can best be done by proactive people.

- by Amber Hinsley and +1
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- Information Systems, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality

32 poglavlja: Osnove psihologije ličnosti, S. Freud, C. G. Jung, J. Lacan, K. Horney, D. Winnicott, A. Freud, M. Klein, H. Sullivan, A. Maslow, C. Rogers, V. Frankl, W. Glasser, P. Zimbardo, H. J. Eysenck, R. Cattell, G. Allport,... more

- by Selman Repišti
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- Psychoanalysis, The big five, Jungian psychology, Jacques Lacan

This research aims to study the effect of personality traits on job burnout. In the research model, job burnout is dependent variable and independent variables include extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness. To clarify the relationships among these variables, structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted. The data was collected through questionnaire; Participants were 248 workers from the staff of the Tehran Atiyeh Hospital. The results of structural equation model show negative impact of extraversion on job burnout (-0.08), negative impact of agreeableness on job burnout (-0.15), positive impact of conscientiousness on job burnout (0.02), positive impact of neuroticism on job burnout (0.22) and negative impact of openness on job burnout (-0.11).

- by Nader Seyedkalali
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- Organizational Behavior, Personality, The big five, Stress and Burnout

Besides the proprietary questionnaires that asses the five traits of the Big Five Model, that are worldwide available, there is also an internationalscientificcollaborative public domain project that developed IPIP-50 questionnaire that measures the five traits of the model. IPIP-50 has been translated and validated in Romania. The study had some methodological limitations but the instrument appeared psychometrically sound. Thus, we conducted two studies for the improvement of the Romanian IPIP-50, in which the translation has tested, psychometric properties of Romanian IPIP-50 were further tested and we replicated to a large degree some of the findings of the previous study of Romanian IPIP-50 adaptation.

Il lavoro riflette intorno agli algoritmi utilizzati in ambito informatico, fattori fondamentali di reintermediazione delle nostre attività quotidiane. Su questi si gioca la partita tra visibile e invisibile, tra cosa è degno di attenzione e cosa non lo è, ma anche tra la possibilità di accedere a determinati servizi o il rimanerne tagliati fuori. E se è vero che agli algoritmi possiamo delegare lavori onerosi, è altrettanto vero che tali prestazioni spesso hanno un prezzo che paghiamo con una
moneta del cui valore non siamo del tutto consapevoli: tempo, dati e informazioni, solo alcune delle risorse sulle quali si regge un enorme ecosistema di attori e macroattori del settore hi-tech.
Dopo una disamina del concetto di “Platform Society” e della pervasività algoritmica nella quale la nostra società è immersa, segue una dissertazione su vari metodi di collezione di dati, discretizzazione e mercificazione, e su come istruiamo le macchine a catalogare e apprendere da sole mediante pattern.
Si analizzeranno le implicazioni comportate dall’applicazione di tali metodologie pseudooggettive – in realtà soggettivamente stabilite, secondo criteri determinati dai propri scopi precipui – all’interno dei settori pubblici (sanità, giustizia, istruzione) e privati (trasporti, servizi).
Da ultimo, con un focus sul settore mediale, si tenterà di comprendere
cosa comporta l’utilizzo del machine learning all’interno di piattaforme distributrici di contenuti mediali, considerando esempi già esistenti (Spotify, Mubi): se ne esamineranno le interfacce e funzionalità, nel tentativo di capire se e come queste influenzano l’utente nella propria personale esperienza di fruizione di contenuti, mettendolo in contatto esclusivamente con ciò che somiglia al conosciuto. Si dimostrerà come l’algoritmo, lungi dall’essere neutro, influenza la fruizione di determinati contenuti a dispetto di altri, e si andrà ad ipotizzare uno scenario che auspica l’evasione da questi percorsi di senso precostituiti andando a costruirne altri a partire da una diversa organizzazione e categorizzazione del contenuto, nell’ottica della serendipità, del piacere della scoperta fortuita.

- by Elisa Iannone
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Algorithms, Information Technology

Four studies investigating the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age of the Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17) are presented. Where convergent validity is concerned, SDS-17 scores showed correlations between .52 and .85 with other measures of social desirability (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Lie Scale, Sets of Four Scale, Marlowe-Crowne Scale). Moreover, scores were highly sensitive to social-desirability provoking instructions (job-application instruction). Finally, with respect to the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, SDS-17 scores showed a unique correlation with impression management, but not with self-deception. Where discriminant validity is concerned, SDS-17 scores showed nonsignificant correlations with neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and openness to experience, whereas there was some overlap with agreeableness and conscientiousness. With respect to relationship with age, the SDS-17 was administered in a sample stratified for age, with age ranging from 18 to 89 years. In all but the oldest age group, the SDS-17 showed substantial correlations with the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. The influence of age (cohort) on mean scores, however, was significantly smaller for the SDS-17 than for the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. In sum, results indicate that the SDS-17 is a reliable and valid measure of social desirability, suitable for adults of 18 to 80 years of age.

- by Joachim Stoeber
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- Psychology, Behavioural Science, Psychological Assessment, Personality Psychology

В докладе рассматриваются психометрические характеристики русскоязычного варианта вопросника Big Five Inventory (BFI) и его модификации для диагностики установок на черты. Предыдущие исследования показали, что BFI стабильно демонстрирует хороший уровень внутренней согласованности подшкал, конструктной, конвергентной и дивергентной валидности вопросника. Однако о сих пор ретестовая надежность BFI и его версий не оценивалась. На выборке в 906 человек нами подтверждается, что BFIобладает высокой внутренней согласованностью подшкал, конвергентной валидностью, а также хорошей ретестовой надежностью.

- by Arina Mishkevich
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- Psychometrics, Personality, The big five

Recent studies suggest that users' preferences of social media use differ according to their individual differences and use motives, and that these factors can lead to problematic social media use (PSMU) among a minority of users. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the influences of (i) demographics and Big Five personality dimensions on social media use motives; (ii) demographics and use motives on social media site preferences; and (iii) demographics, personality, popular social media sites, and social media use motives on PSMU. The sample comprised 1008 undergraduate students, aged between 17 and 32 years (M = 20.49, SD = 1.73; 60.5% women). The participants completed a questionnaire comprising the Social Media Use Questionnaire, Social Media Usage Aims Scale, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Multiple linear and hierarchical regression analyses showed that social media use motives of (i) meeting new people and socializing, (ii) expressing or presenting a more popular self, and (iii) passing time and entertainment were associated with problematic social media use. Moreover, participants that preferred Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook reported higher scores of problematic social media use. Finally, being female, introverted, conscientious, agreeable, and neurotic were associated with PSMU. The findings offer empirical evidence for uses and gratifications theory because the findings demonstrated that (i) different personality traits predict different motives, (ii) different motives predict preference of different platforms, and (iii) different individual differences such as personality, preference of platform, and specific use motives predict PSMU.

- by Mark D Griffiths
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- Personality Psychology, Addiction, Social Networking, Personality

This essay which is a requirement of PSYC 340 (Theories of Personality) course contains a comic character’s analysis of the personality considering Big Five and Social Cognitive Theory. The character is from Marvel animations that is Iron... more

- by Azar Eftekhar
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- Cyberpsychology, The big five, Photography (Visual Studies), Facebook Studies

Previous research suggested that sex differences in personality traits are larger in prosperous, healthy, and
egalitarian cultures in which women have more opportunities equal with those of men. In this article, the authors report cross-cultural findings in which this unintuitive result was replicated across samples from 55 nations (N = 17,637). On responses to the Big Five Inventory, women reported higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness than did men across most nations. These
findings converge with previous studies in which different Big Five measures and more limited samples of nations were used. Overall, higher levels of human development—including long and healthy life, equal access to knowledge and education, and economic wealth—were the main nation-level predictors of larger sex differences in personality. Changes in men’s personality traits appeared to be the primary cause of sex difference variation across cultures. It is proposed that heightened levels of sexual dimorphism result from personality traits of men and women being less constrained and more able to naturally diverge in developed nations. In less fortunate social and economic conditions, innate personality
differences between men and women may be attenuated.

- by David Schmitt
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- Psychology, Gender Studies, Anthropology, Sex and Gender

Using a time-lagged multiple source field data (N = 198), we examined the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors on psychological strains, turnover intentions, and job performance. We also tested the moderating role of conscientiousness in the proposed relationships. Findings revealed that both challenge and hindrance stressors were positively related to psychological strains and turnover intentions. We found that conscientiousness acted as a double-edged sword. Workers with high conscien-tiousness maintained their performance levels when confronted with higher challenge and hindrance stressors. However, highly conscientious workers were more likely to leave their organizations when exposed to challenge stressors. Contrary to expectations , low conscientious workers had higher performance ratings when exposed to hindrance stressors.

- by Muhammad Abbas
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- Organizational Behavior, Personality Psychology, Personality, The big five

The authors explored personality dimensions of World of Warcraft (WoW) players and
examined the differences between the 44-item personality measure Big Five Inventory
(BFI) and WoW players. The BFI measures personality traits based on the five broad
domains of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The authors focused on the specifics of participant’s primary play style (player versus
player [PVP], player versus environment [PVE], or role-playing [RP]), specialization of
the character (tank, healer, damage), character race (13 races), character class (11
classes), and gender as it relates to the BFI personality elements. A total of 1,210 WoW
players, 18 years of age, participated in the study dispersed over 188 WoW realms.
The author’s findings, based on multivariate statistical analysis (MANOVA), establish
a connection between personality characteristics of the BFI and the style of play of the
participants. Gender differences among agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism were
also found, which was consistent with past research (Costa, Terracciano, & McCrae,
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001; 81: 322–331; Schmitt, Realo,
Voracek, & Allik, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008; 94: 168–182).
No statistical differences were found among other areas of interest including specialization
of the character, character race, and character class. In addition, there was no
support found for antisocial behavior or aggressiveness from personality scores of
WoW players when compared with suggested markers of antisocial personality factors
(Markey & Markey, Review of General Psychology 2010; 14, 82–91).

- by Anthony Bean and +1
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- Personality Psychology, Personality, The big five, Video Games

While leadership scholars increasingly acknowledge the influence of followers in the leadership process, less attention has been paid to their role in the destructive leadership process. Specifically, the current debate lacks a broad-based understanding of different susceptible follower types that synthesizes related research across academic domains. Expanding on Padilla, Hogan, and Kaiser's (2007) toxic triangle model of destructive leadership, we integrate research and theory across various academic literatures to derive a cohesive taxonomy of vulnerable followers that we call the susceptible circle. We describe the core characteristics of each follower type, drawing on Barbuto's (2000) theory of follower compliance to highlight the psychological processes that motivate each follower to comply with destructive leaders. We then conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications, as well as avenues for future research.

30 drinkers (oversampled for heavier drinking, from within an undergraduate sample of 60) were assessed with the NEO-FFI, queried regarding weekly self-reported habitual drinking behavior, and subjected to an alcoholic beverage sham taste-test, in a randomly-paired dyad. Extraverted, emotionally stable individuals reported more habitual drinking occasions per week (r = .61, p < .002, for the combination of traits), but not more drinks/occasion, or drinks per week. Personality did not predict total lab alcohol consumption, but such consumption was strongly influenced by total lab alcohol consumption of the drinking partner (r = .52, p < .001). Median split of participants revealed that the effect of such social influence was substantively enhanced among extraverted, agreeable and open individuals. Drinking behavior is strongly influenced by social context. The effect of such context, in turn, appears moderated by personality.

- by Jordan Peterson
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- Personality, The big five, Alcohol, Big Five Personality Traits

Procrastination has been of great interest to many researchers, with hundreds of studies done in the past 30 years. This paper presents the literature on procrastination focused on finding its location within the Big Five personality framework. Although different conceptualizations of procrastination exists, there is a consensus that both Conscientiousness and Neuroticism personality dimensions influence it.

- by Marston S Pascasio
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- Personality Psychology, The big five, Conscientiousness, Procrastination

This study investigated the effects of stress on visual selective attention according to the five-factor
model of personality (FFM). The sample was selected with respect to neuropsychological control variables by
multistage cluster sampling from unmarried male students of Tehran universities. On this account, there were 140
subjects equally distributed in 7 groups including six experimental groups and one control group. Subjects in
experimental groups administered cognitive stressful tasks and then their visual selective attention was assessed. The
control group’s visual selective attention was assessed without administrating cognitive stressful tasks. Sum of
errors in counting and classification were assigned as visual attention indexes. Results indicated that stress increased
significantly in both counting and classification errors (p<0.001). In addition, all experimental groups aggravated the
effect of stress on both counting error and classification error (p<0.05) significantly, except for E, the group with
high levels of extraversion that reduced and inverted that effect (p<0.05) significantly. These results revealed that
stress reduces the visual selective attention on neutral stimuli. Although, N, O, A, and C intensify the negative effect
of stress on visual selective attention, E reduces and inverts this negative effect.
Key words: Visual selective attention, Stress, Five-factor model of personality (FFM), Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness to Experience (O), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C).

- by Amir Mohammad Shahsavarani
- •
- The big five, Conscientiousness, Stress, Neuroticism

Directions-In each of the following rows of four words, place an X in front of the one descriptive word that most often applies to you. Continue through all forty lines; be sure each number is marked. If you are not sure which word "most... more

- by Arfahriza Glow
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- The big five, Theories Of Personality, Big Five Personality Traits

En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios que exploran la relación entre la personalidad y la autoestima desde el Modelo de los Cinco Factores (FFM) y la Teoría de los Cinco Factores (FFT). Aunque se observan asociaciones robustas entre ciertos factores de la personalidad y la autoestima, la naturaleza teórica de ésta relación es tema de un intenso debate (Zeigler-Hill, Besser, Myers, Southard, & Malkin, 2012). Se ha informado que la autoestima se encuentra fuertemente asociada al neuroticismo (Costa, McCrae, & Rolland, 1998), moderadamente a la extraversión y la responsabilidad (Goldberg & Rosolack, 1994) y débilmente a la amabilidad y la apertura a la experiencia (Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). Además, el FFT se presenta como un marco teórico que permite explicar la naturaleza de la relación entre las tendencias básicas y la autoestima, aunque aún es necesario incrementar la cantidad de estudios teóricos y empíricos que puedan dar respuesta a ésta relación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre la autoestima y el FFM, así como las explicaciones que ofrece el FFT para tales asociaciones.

- by Hugo Simkin and +1
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- Personality Psychology, Social Psychology, Self and Identity, Personality

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las relaciones entre los Cinco Grandes factores de la personalidad y las preferencias vocacionales en estudiantes de segundo ciclo de ESO. También se pretende conocer qué grupos vocacionales son mayoritarios y se analizan las diferencias en preferencias vocacionales y personalidad en función del sexo. Para todo ello se utilizó un diseño exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional y la prueba t-student. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 112 estudiantes de dos institutos públicos de la provincia de Alicante, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 17 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test de personalidad BFQ-NA y el SAV-R. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre el factor Apertura y el interés humanístico y científico-tecnológico, entre Extraversión y las áreas deportiva y de seguridad y entre Inestabilidad Emocional y los ámbitos psicopedagógico y sociojurídico. También se encontró que las áreas vocacionales preferidas por las mujeres son la psicopedagógica y la biosanitaria y que los hombres se decantan por la deportiva y las fuerzas de seguridad. La Inestabilidad Emocional es el único factor de personalidad en el que se hallaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, siendo ellas quienes presentan una mayor inestabilidad.

- by Pablo Gracia García
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- Psychology, Personality Psychology, Personality, The big five

Readers of fiction tend to have better abilities of empathy and theory of mind (Mar et al., 2006). We present a study designed to replicate this finding, rule out one possible explanation, and extend the assessment of social outcomes. In order to rule out the role of personality, we first identified Openness as the most consistent correlate. This trait was then statistically controlled for, along with two other important individual differences: the tendency to be drawn into stories and gender. Even after accounting for these variables, fiction exposure still predicted performance on an em-pathy task. Extending these results, we also found that exposure to fiction was positively correlated with social support. Exposure to nonfiction, in contrast, was associated with loneliness, and negatively related to social support.

- by Jordan Peterson and +1
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- Empathy (Psychology), The big five, Narrative, Depression

The aim of this study was to examine the latent structure of 44 adjectives from Serbian psycholexical study which refer to social roles and interpersonal relations, as well as its relations to the Big Five lexical dimensions. The study was conducted on a sample of 1575 participants (58% female, aged 18 - 60, average age 29.28 years). A principal component analysis of adjectives was conducted upon ipsatized data, with Promax rotation. The analysis yielded a 4-factor solution, whereby the factors can be regarded as friendliness, social boldness, callousness, and perfidy. The hierarchical factor analysis yielded 2 broad factors similar to dominance versus submission, and affiliation versus cold-heartedness. Dominance dimension is mostly saturated with trait positive emotionality, while affiliation is mostly saturated with trait agreeableness, which is in accordance with theoretical assumptions of the interpersonal circumplex model.

In a university sample (n=245) and a community sample (n=222), we replicate the higher-order factor solution for the Five Factor Model (Big Five) reported by Digman (Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246–1256). We present a biologically predicated model of these two personality factors, relating them to serotonergic and dopaminergic function, and we label them Stability (Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and Plasticity (Extraversion and Openness). Based on this model, we hypothesize that Stability will positively predict conformity (as indicated by socially desirable responding) and that Plasticity will negatively predict conformity. A structural equation model indicates that conformity is indeed positively related to Stability (university sample: =0.98; community sample: =0.69; P < 0.01 for both) and negatively related to Plasticity (university sample: =À0.48, P < 0.07; community sample: =À0.42, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that there are pros and cons of conformity, such that the most thorough conformists will tend to be stable but also rigid, less able to adjust to novelty or change. #

- by Jordan Peterson
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- Personality Psychology, The big five, Social Desirability, Conformity

We characterize Openness/Intellect as motivated cognitive flexibility, or cognitive exploration, and develop a neuropsychological model relating it to dopaminergic function and to the functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Evidence is reviewed for sources of Openness/ Intellect shared with Extraversion and sources unique to Openness/Intel-lect. The hypothesis that the cognitive functions of the dorsolateral PFC are among the latter was tested using standard measures of cognitive ability and a battery of tasks associated with dorsolateral PFC function

- by Jordan Peterson
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- The big five, Openness, Big Five Personality Traits, Neuropsychological Model

Artykuł przedstawia polską adaptację krótkiego inwentarza osobowości Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-P), który służy do pomiaru pięciu wymiarów osobowości opisywanych w modelu Wielkiej Piątki. Treść pozycji została przetłumaczona z oryginalnej angielskojęzycznej wersji, a badania studentów dwujęzycznych potwierdziły równoważność wersji polskiej i angielskiej. W serii czterech niezależnych badań (na próbie ponad 500 studentów) sprawdzono właściwości psychometryczne skal. Uzyskano zadowalające wskaźniki stabilności bezwzględnej po upływie dwóch tygodni. Zgodność wewnętrzna polskiej wersji skal jest, podobnie jak w przypadku wersji oryginalnej, stosunkowo niska. Korelacje ze skalami inwentarza NEO-FFI, a także samoopisu z opisem drugiej osoby (peer-rating) potwierdziły trafność zbieżną i różnicową TIPI-P. Wyniki badań dają podstawy do stosowania TIPI-P w badaniach naukowych prowadzonych w grupach studenckich.

- by Mariola Laguna and +2
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- Psychological Assessment, Personality Psychology, The big five
- by 성복 장
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- Creativity, The big five, Transactive Memory