Well Known Trademark Research Papers (original) (raw)

El uso no autorizado de marcas ajenas como palabras clave en sistemas de publicidad por enlaces patrocinados y un caso especial, el uso de marcas notorias (a propósito del fallo del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en Interflora... more

- by
- •
- Keywords, Law of Unfair Competition, Trademark Law, Well Known Trademark

This article deals with the cultural meaning of trademarks and the social significance of its legal protection.
Trademarks are symbols designed to enable the consumer to identify without confusion the source of various goods and services. Today, however, trademarks are much more than source identifiers. They are culturally meaningful signs. Thus, for example, the trademark “Coca-Cola,” in addition to conveying information about the origin of soft drinks, is associated with freedom, youth, joy and globalization. The trademark “Chanel” stands not only for fragrances and apparel, but also for exclusivity, intelligence and European chic. The cultural meaning of the Olympic rings and Mickey Mouse, both registered trademarks, can hardly be gasped in a few words. Famous trademarks embed values, visions and ideals we believe in. As cultural signs, they occupy a rather central place in our society.
The cultural meaning of a trademark is carefully built up by its owner by means of advertising and other marketing techniques. These techniques create associative links between the trademark and various positive cultural signs such as freedom, youth, intelligence, etc. This article argues that these links are reciprocal. That is, while the trademark begins to carry some of the meaning of the cultural signs it has been linked to, these cultural signs also absorb some of the commercial flavor of the mark.

- by Katya Assaf
- •
- Semiotics, Trademarks, Brand Image, Branding
- by Sofia Khatsernova
- •
- Criminal Law, Intelectual Property, Trademark Law, Well Known Trademark

As it is known, there are regional (EU), international (Madrid system) and
national registrations of trademarks. Depending on the regulation states, the trademark owner's activity and other factors situations appear which lead to where Well-Known Trademarks are not registered in particular countries. It provides the access to the use of the public Well-Known Trademarks, to get income out of them, to deceive consumers and could
even endanger them. In states, of course, where the counterfeited goods are realized illegal income increases. This illegal income is successfully hidden from the public authorities and is actualized in the illegal market. This income is used for financing: Racketeering, Human Smuggling, Money Laundering/ Illegal Money Transfer Service, Illegal Gambling, LoanSharking,
Narcotics Trafficking, Prostitution, Weapon Trafficking, Contract Killing, Document Forgery Services. Harmonized and efficient intellectual property protection system is necessary in order to change these visible negative trends.

- by Sofia Khatsernova
- •
- Criminal Law, Intelectual Property, Trademark Law, Well Known Trademark

Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit der kulturellen Bedeutung von Marken und den sozialen Konsequenzen ihres rechtlichen Schutzes.
Eine Marke ist ein Zeichen, das dafür bestimmt ist, dem Verbraucher die Waren bzw. Dienstleistungen des Markeninhabers erkennen zu lassen und sie von denjenigen anderer Anbieter zu unterscheiden. Der primäre Zweck des Markenrechts ist es, die Marke als Herkunftszeichen zu schützen, was vor allem durch das Verbot einer verwechselbaren Benutzung durch Dritte erreicht wird.
Dennoch sind heute manche bekannte Marken mehr als bloßen Herkunftszeichen – sie sind vielmehr bedeutsame kulturelle Zeichen. So stehen bespielsweise die Marken „McDonald’s“ und „Coca-Cola“ nicht nur für die jeweiligen Produkte, sondern auch für Freiheit, amerikanischen Geist, jugendlichen Lebensstil, Globalisierung usw. Die Marke „Chanel“ wird nicht nur mit Parfüm und Kleidung, sondern auch mit Eleganz und Schick assoziiert. Und die kulturelle Bedeutung des Olympischen Symbols und von Mickey Mouse, beide als Marken eingetragen, lässt sich schwer mit wenigen Worten fassen. Bekannte Marken verkörpern wichtige Werte, Visionen und Ideale. Als kulturelle Zeichen haben sie eine ziemlich zentrale Stellung in unserer Gesellschaft.
Die kulturelle Bedeutung der Marke wird von ihrem Inhaber mithilfe von Werbung und anderen Marketingmethoden sorgfältig aufgebaut. Diese Methoden erschaffen assoziative Bindungen zwischen der Marke und verschiedenen kulturellen Zeichen, wie Freiheit, Jugend, Eleganz usw. Dabei überträgt sich jedoch auch etwas von der kommerziellen Beigeschmack der Marken auf die verwendeten kulturellen Zeichen, was schließlich zu Verwässerung ihrer Bedeutung führt. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit dem fließenden Wandel der Bedeutung von kulturellen Zeichen in kommerzielle Marken und von Marken in andere Kontexte. Er analysiert dabei, welche Rolle das deutsche und das US-amerikanische Rechtssystem zu diesem Prozess einnehmen.

- by Katya Assaf
- •
- Semiotics, Trademarks, Brand Image, Commercialization

... Email: katya{at}mscc.huji.ac.il. Next Section. Abstract. ... Thus, for example, nobody can register the words 'Michael Jordan', 'Salvador Dali', or 'NBA' as trade marks for... more

... Email: katya{at}mscc.huji.ac.il. Next Section. Abstract. ... Thus, for example, nobody can register the words 'Michael Jordan', 'Salvador Dali', or 'NBA' as trade marks for products without the consent of the respective rights holders. ...

- by Katya Assaf
- •
- Semiotics, Law, Economics, Trademarks

The adoption of a first-to-file system has encouraged local companies to register famous foreign marks in Nepal, which have undermined foreign companies’ business and tarnished Nepal’s imagine for inadequate protection for foreign brands. The recent decision of the Department of Industry (DOI) to recognize ‘Facebook’ as a well-known trade mark shows a changing attitude towards well-known marks in Nepal. The 2017 National IP Policy emphasizes protection of well-known trade marks and passing off
action against the unauthorized use of unregistered marks. In line with the National IP Policy, the Government is currently drafting a new ‘Industrial Property Code’, which aims to revise the current IP laws. The initial draft of the text has provisions related to well-known trade marks. This article aims to discuss the status of well-known trade marks in Nepal and offers impetus for legislative changes.

- by Pratyush Upreti
- •
- Nepal, Intelectual Property, TRIPs, Well Known Trademark