ptpn Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Berbicara tentang Jember, utamanya munculnya Jember menjadi sebuah daerah yang produktif secara ekonomi dari perkebunan dan pertanian memang tidak tercipta dalam satu kebas perjalanan sejarah pendudukan kolonial Nusantara oleh... more

Berbicara tentang Jember, utamanya munculnya Jember menjadi sebuah daerah yang produktif secara ekonomi dari perkebunan dan pertanian memang tidak tercipta dalam satu kebas perjalanan sejarah pendudukan kolonial Nusantara oleh Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda kala itu. Menyitir Alm. KH. Abdurahman Wahid atau yang dikenal dengan Gus Dur, saat beberapa kali bertandang ke Jember, sekitar tahun 2003, bertemu dengan ribuan petani tembakau di alun-alun Ambulu kala itu, sempat berkelakar "Jember ini memang jauh, jauhnya seperti kalau jin buang anak," kelakar Alm. Gus Dur 1 yang disambut gelak tawa para petani tembakau di Alun-Alun Ambulu Jember tersebut.

Activating and inactivating mutations of SHP-2 are responsible, respectively, for the Noonan (NS) and the LEOPARD (LS) syndromes. Clinically, these developmental disorders overlap greatly, resulting in the apparent paradox of similar... more

Activating and inactivating mutations of SHP-2 are responsible, respectively, for the Noonan (NS) and the LEOPARD (LS) syndromes. Clinically, these developmental disorders overlap greatly, resulting in the apparent paradox of similar diseases caused by mutations that oppositely influence SHP-2 phosphatase activity. While the mechanisms remain unclear, recent functional analysis of SHP-2, along with the identification of other genes involved in NS and in other related syndromes (neurofibromatosis-1, Costello and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes), strongly suggest that Ras/MAPK represents the major signaling pathway deregulated by SHP-2 mutants. We discuss the idea that, with the exception of LS mutations that have been shown to exert a dominant negative effect, all disease-causing mutations involved in Ras/MAPK-mediated signaling, including SHP-2, might lead to enhanced MAPK activation. This suggests that a narrow range of MAPK signaling is required for appropriate development. We also discuss the possibility that LS mutations may not simply exhibit dominant negative activity.

Noonan syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous condition primarily due to missense mutations in PTPN11. Prenatal diagnosis is typically made in a fetus with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype. We demonstrate the ability of... more

Noonan syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous condition primarily due to missense mutations in PTPN11. Prenatal diagnosis is typically made in a fetus with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype. We demonstrate the ability of whole exome sequencing to make prenatal diagnoses that would not have been made from phenotype alone.

BRIEF COMMUNICATION Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic facies, short stature, skeletal anomalies, and defects of the heart. NS was first reported by Jacqueline Noonan in 1963; 1 however, definite... more

BRIEF COMMUNICATION Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic facies, short stature, skeletal anomalies, and defects of the heart. NS was first reported by Jacqueline Noonan in 1963; 1 however, definite clinical diagnosis 2 of this condition is difficult because it is clinically heterogeneous and the phenotypic expression is highly variable and changes with age. 3 In 2001, Tartaglia et al identified the protein-tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor-type 11 (PTPN11, MIM# 176876), which encodes SHP-2, as the first NS gene. 4 Missense mutations in PTPN11 accounted for 31-60% of cases in previous reports. 5 These mutations were demonstrated to be gain-of-function changes that resulted in excessive SHP-2 activity. In order to pinpoint the causative gene in NS in Taiwanese children, we carried out mutation screening of the PTPN11 gene in 34 NS patients. Methods The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics and Human Clinical Trials Committee of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. After obtaining informed parental consent, unrelated Taiwanese children with NS were enrolled. The children were screened for mutations in the PTPN11 gene. NS was diagnosed according to major criteria (typical facial findings, cardiac defects, pterygium colli) and minor criteria (short stature, psychomotor

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder caused by missense mutations in genes involved in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, a major mediator of early and late developmental processes. The diagnosis of NS is made on... more

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder caused by missense mutations in genes involved in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, a major mediator of early and late developmental processes. The diagnosis of NS is made on clinical grounds with molecular confirmation of a mutation found in 63% of cases. Key clinical features include short stature, cardiac defects, developmental delay, lymphatic dysplasias, bleeding tendency, and a constellation of distinctive facial features and physical exam findings. The prevalence of medical issues or the development of new ones in adults with NS is not well-studied. This cross-sectional study reports on the prevalence of clinical conditions and their ages of onset in a cohort of 35 adolescents and adults with NS aged 16-68 years old (mean age 28 years). In this cohort, 34 of 35 subjects (97%) had had full PTPN11 sequencing; 37% were PTPN11 positive, 23% were SOS1 positive, and 3% were BRAF positive. Mean adult height in both men and women was at the 3rd-10th centile. The most prevalent clinical findings in this cohort included pulmonary valve stenosis (71%), easy bruising (63%), GERD (60%), constipation (51%), scoliosis (54%), chronic joint pain (54%), lymphedema (49%), depression (49%), anxiety (49%), Chiari malformation (20%), and osteopenia/osteoporosis (14%). In summary, adults with NS are affected by multi-organ morbidity and require special medical management aimed towards the most prevalent and serious known medical complications. Larger studies characterizing the clinical conditions found in NS adults are needed to provide potential genotype-phenotype correlations that may aid in clinical management.

The facial photographs of 81 individuals with Noonan syndrome, from infancy to adulthood, have been evaluated by two dysmorphologists (JA and MZ), each of whom has considerable experience with disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thirty-two... more

The facial photographs of 81 individuals with Noonan syndrome, from infancy to adulthood, have been evaluated by two dysmorphologists (JA and MZ), each of whom has considerable experience with disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thirty-two of this cohort have PTPN11 mutations, 21 SOS1 mutations, 11 RAF1 mutations, and 17 KRAS mutations. The facial appearance of each person was judged to be typical of Noonan syndrome or atypical. In each gene category both typical and unusual faces were found. We determined that some individuals with mutations in the most commonly affected gene, PTPN11, which is correlated with the cardinal physical features, may have a quite atypical face. Conversely, some individuals with KRAS mutations, which may be associated with a less characteristic intellectual phenotype and a resemblance to Costello and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, can have a very typical face. Thus, the facial phenotype, alone, is insufficient to predict the genotype, but certain facial features may facilitate an educated guess in some cases.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of the most common syndromes transmitted by a mendelian mode. In recent years, germline mutations that affect components of the RAS-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway were shown to be involved in... more

Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of the most common syndromes transmitted by a mendelian mode. In recent years, germline mutations that affect components of the RAS-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of NS and four rare syndromes with clinical features overlapping with NS: Leopard syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1. Several hormones act through receptors that stimulate the RAS-MAPK pathway, and therefore, NS and related disorders represent a remarkable opportunity to study the implication of the RAS-MAPK pathway in different endocrine systems. Additionally, children with NS frequently are referred to the endocrinologist because of short stature, delayed puberty and/or undescended testes in males. In this paper, we review the diagnostic, clinical and molecular aspects of NS and NS-related disorders.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the first formal approach for monitoring genetic/developmental syndromes associated with the presence of an increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness (>3 mm) in the first trimester of... more

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the first formal approach for monitoring genetic/developmental syndromes associated with the presence of an increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness (>3 mm) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods Multiple technologies-a DNA chip using the APEX technology, qPCR, microfluidic PCR, and sequencing-were applied to assay 310 mutations across five conditions-Noonan syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), DiGeorge syndrome, and Smith-Lemli Opitz syndrome. Results We report the results of assessing the first 120 patients in which 8 cases of Noonan syndrome were detected as well as an unusually high rate of heterozygosity for SMA. Conclusion While testing for Noonan syndrome in association with increased NT appears warranted, the reported association of the remaining four genetic syndromes is likely to be weak and possibly insignificant.

Conclusion: The rhGH therapy significantly improved the growth velocity and increased the serum IGF-1 level. Longterm correlation between genotype and rhGH therapy responsiveness needs to be addressed in a large population.

The facial photographs of 81 individuals with Noonan syndrome, from infancy to adulthood, have been evaluated by two dysmorphologists (JA and MZ), each of whom has considerable experience with disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thirty-two... more

The facial photographs of 81 individuals with Noonan syndrome, from infancy to adulthood, have been evaluated by two dysmorphologists (JA and MZ), each of whom has considerable experience with disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Thirty-two of this cohort have PTPN11 mutations, 21 SOS1 mutations, 11 RAF1 mutations, and 17 KRAS mutations. The facial appearance of each person was judged to be typical of Noonan syndrome or atypical. In each gene category both typical and unusual faces were found. We determined that some individuals with mutations in the most commonly affected gene, PTPN11, which is correlated with the cardinal physical features, may have a quite atypical face. Conversely, some individuals with KRAS mutations, which may be associated with a less characteristic intellectual phenotype and a resemblance to Costello and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, can have a very typical face. Thus, the facial phenotype, alone, is insufficient to predict the genotype, but certain facial features may facilitate an educated guess in some cases.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is among the most common nonchromosomal disorders affecting development and growth. NS is genetically heterogeneous, being caused by germline mutations affecting various genes implicated in the RAS signaling network.... more

Noonan syndrome (NS) is among the most common nonchromosomal disorders affecting development and growth. NS is genetically heterogeneous, being caused by germline mutations affecting various genes implicated in the RAS signaling network. This network transduces extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical and transcriptional responses controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and senescence. To explore the transcriptional consequences of NS-causing mutations, we performed global mRNA expression profiling on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 23 NS patients carrying heterozygous mutations in PTPN11 or SOS1. Gene expression profiling was also resolved in five subjects with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH), a condition clinically related to NS and caused by an invariant mutation in SHOC2. Robust transcriptional signatures were found to specifically discriminate each of the three mutation groups from 21 ageand sex-matched controls. Despite the only partial overlap in terms of gene composition, the three signatures showed a notable concordance in terms of biological processes and regulatory circuits affected. These data establish expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a powerful tool to appreciate differential perturbations driven by germline mutations of transducers involved in RAS signaling and to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying NS and other RASopathies. Hum Mutat 33:703-709, 2012. C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.