Parawulffite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

About ParawulffiteHide

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Colour:

Dark green or deep emerald-green

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

After its relation to wulffite. Para, after the greek παρά, beside and wulffite (which is named in honor of the Russian crystallographer Georgiy Viktorovich Wulff (1863–1925)).

Related to wulffite both chemically and structurally. One of four K-Na-Cu sulfate minerals beside euchlorine, piypite, and wulffite.

Structure details: (1) the heteropolyhedral quasi-framework of Cu–O–S, along [010], and Na(1)O6 octahedra chains ; (2) Cu–O–S chains comprise Cu-centered square pyramids ([4+1] coordination of Cu) and sulfate tetrahedra; (3) different ratios of alkali cations and their arrangement in cavities of the quasi-framework when compared to wulffite; (4) different configuration of Cu–O–S chains than that in wulffite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:43899:9

7f813db0-ce5f-4e87-b649-c91dbdbf5555

IMA Classification of ParawulffiteHide

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Classification of ParawulffiteHide

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7.BC.60

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Pronunciation of ParawulffiteHide

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Pronunciation:

Physical Properties of ParawulffiteHide

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Colour:

Dark green or deep emerald-green

Cleavage:

Perfect
One parallel to elongation, second coplanar with (010).

Comment:

Laminated fracture

Density:

3.35(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.32 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ParawulffiteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.585(3) _n_γ = 1.717(4)
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δ = 0.132

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Comments:

Z = very strong, deep emerald-green; X = very pale green, almost colourless.

Comments:

Absorption: Z > X.

The perfect cleavage parallel to the elongation (causing laminated fracturing) and the very strong pleochroism prevented measurement of β and 2V values.

Chemistry of ParawulffiteHide

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Mindat Formula:

K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8

Crystallography of ParawulffiteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.904(1) Å, b = 4.9765(3) Å, c = 23.586(2) Å
γ = 90.209(6)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 2.794 : 1 : 4.739

Morphology:

Imperfect prismatic crystals up to 0.4 × 0.2 mm, in clusters and crusts; [010] elongation often observed; commonly curved, blocky character.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Comments:

From Type Description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of ParawulffiteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Crude crystals or irregularly shaped grains.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Type material is deposited in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, registration number 4386/1.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Incrustations on basalt scoria and on hematite.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of ParawulffiteHide

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Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Other InformationHide

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IR Spectrum:

[cm-1]: 1212s, 1202s, 1149s, 1116s (asymmetric stretching of sulfate), 1036s, 1006s, 981s [symmetric stretching of sulfate), 690, 665, 642, 618, 572, 550 (bending of sulfate), 503, 450 [lattice modes: stretching of shorter bonds in Cu-center

Notes:

Slowly dissolves in room temperature water.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ParawulffiteHide

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References for ParawulffiteHide

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Reference List:

Pekov, I. V., Zubkova, N. V., Yapaskurt, V. O., Belakovskiy, D. I., Chukanov, N. V., Lykova, I. S., Savelyev, D. P., Sidorov, E. G., Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (2014) Wulffite, K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, and parawulffite, K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8, two new minerals from fumarole sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (4) 699-716 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400018

Localities for ParawulffiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.