.50 BMG (original) (raw)
El cartutx 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (també anomenada .50 Browning Machine Gun o .50 BMG) és una munició per a metralladora i alguns fusells desenvolupada als Estats Units a finals de la dècada de 1910. Va entrar en servei l'any 1921 amb la . El disseny es correspon bàsicament a un cartutx .30-06 Springfield engrandit. Aquest cartutx ha estat adoptat com a estàndard pels països de l'OTAN (així com molts d'altres) a partir de l'acord STANAG 4383. S'utilitza especialment en metralladores pesants.
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| dbo:abstract | El cartutx 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (també anomenada .50 Browning Machine Gun o .50 BMG) és una munició per a metralladora i alguns fusells desenvolupada als Estats Units a finals de la dècada de 1910. Va entrar en servei l'any 1921 amb la . El disseny es correspon bàsicament a un cartutx .30-06 Springfield engrandit. Aquest cartutx ha estat adoptat com a estàndard pels països de l'OTAN (així com molts d'altres) a partir de l'acord STANAG 4383. S'utilitza especialment en metralladores pesants. (ca) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO nebo také .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) je náboj vyvinutý pro kulomet M2 Browning. Začal se používat v roce 1921. Náboj vznikl velkým zvětšením náboje .30-06. (cs) The .50 Browning Machine Gun (.50 BMG, 12.7×99mm NATO and designated as the 50 Browning by the C.I.P.) is a .50 in (12.7 mm) caliber cartridge developed for the M2 Browning heavy machine gun in the late 1910s, entering official service in 1921. Under STANAG 4383, it is a standard service cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. The cartridge itself has been made in many variants: multiple generations of regular ball, tracer, armor-piercing (AP), incendiary, and saboted sub-caliber rounds. The rounds intended for machine guns are made into a continuous belt using metallic links. The .50 BMG cartridge is also used in anti-materiel rifles. A wide variety of ammunition is available, and the availability of match grade ammunition has increased the usefulness of .50 caliber rifles by allowing more accurate fire than lower quality rounds. (en) Die Patrone 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (auch .50 BMG, für Browning Machine Gun) ist eine Standardpatrone der NATO vor allem für schwere Maschinengewehre. (de) El 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN o .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) es un cartucho desarrollado para la Browning M2 a finales de los años 1910. Entrando oficialmente en servicio en 1921, el cartucho es básicamente un .30-06 Springfield sobredimensionado. Ha sido fabricado en muchas variantes: bala simple, trazadora, antiblindaje, incendiaria y sub-calibre. Los cartuchos para ametralladoras son encintados con ayuda de eslabones metálicos. El 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN también es empleado en fusiles de largo alcance y fusiles de francotirador, así como en otras ametralladoras calibre 12,7 mm. Su empleo en fusiles monotiro y semiautomáticos ha dado origen a varios cartuchos de alto desempeño especializados, que no se emplean en ametralladoras. Un fusil de francotirador McMillan Tac-50 calibre 12,7 mm fue empleado por el cabo Rob Furlong del Ejército canadiense para lograr la baja confirmada a mayor distancia de la historia, al abatir a un rebelde talibán a 2430 metros durante la campaña de 2002 en Afganistán. El récord anterior para una baja confirmada a gran distancia fue logrado por el francotirador de los Marines Carlos Hathcock en 1967, a una distancia de 2286 m. Hathcock empleó este cartucho en una ametralladora Browning M2 equipada con una mira telescópica. Esta arma fue empleada por otros francotiradores, lo cual condujo al desarrollo de fusiles de francotirador que empleaban este cartucho. El anterior cartucho estándar para los fusiles de francotirador era el .30-06 Springfield, pero el 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN es más preciso a gran distancia. Está disponible una amplia variedad de cartuchos .50 BMG, al mismo tiempo que la disponibilidad de cartuchos de alto desempeño ha aumentado la utilidad de los fusiles calibre 12,7 mm al disparar con mayor precisión que empleando cartuchos de menor calidad. (es) La cartouche de 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (également appelée .50 BMG pour « Browning Machine Gun ») est une munition de mitrailleuse lourde et de fusil de précision utilisée par les forces de l'OTAN. (fr) .50 Browning Machine Gun (.50 BMG) atau 12,7 x 99 mm NATO adalah peluru yang didesain untuk senapan mesin berat M2 Browning yang secara resmi digunakan pada tahun 1921, meskipun pengembangannya sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1910an. Selain untuk M2, peluru ini digunakan juga untuk senapan runduk (sniper rifle) dan juga senapan mesin yang menggunakan peluru kaliber .50. Peluru ini biasanya diuntai sebagaimana halnya peluru untuk senapan mesin, tetapi untuk pemakaian pada senapan runduk peluru ini tidak diuntai. Peluru ini dicatat sebagai salah satu peluru dengan catatan jangkauan terjauh sebesar 8,120ft atau 2,706 yards atau 2,474 meter menggunakan senapan runduk Accuracy International AW50 di Perang Afganistan. (in) 12.7 × 99 mm NATO 또는 .50 BMG(.50 Browning Machine Gun)는 1910년대 후반 존 브라우닝이 M2 브라우닝 기관총을 위해 개발한 탄이다. 1921년부터 군에 정식 채택되었다. 이 탄은 , 예광탄, 철갑탄, 소이탄, 등 여러 가지 파생형이 개발되고 있다. 이 탄은 주로 기관총에 사용된다. 12.7 × 99 mm NATO는 기관총에 사용되는 것뿐만 아니라 장거리 목표물을 저격할 때에도 사용된다. 이 때 사용되는 것은 통상의 기관총탄과는 다른 고정밀도 탄으로, 볼트 액션 또는 반자동 저격총(주로 )으로 발사된다. 이 탄을 사용해서 기록한 최장거리 저격 기록은 2002년 에서 캐나다 군인 이 저격총을 사용해 탈레반 전투원을 저격 사살한 3589 미터이다. (ko) 12.7x99mm弾 (.50 Browning Machine Gun, .50BMG) は1910年代後半にジョン・ブローニングとウィンチェスター社によって開発された銃弾である。 (ja) La 12,7 × 99 mm NATO o .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) è una cartuccia sviluppata per la mitragliatrice Browning M2 verso la fine del primo decennio del XX secolo. Entrata in servizio ufficialmente nel 1921, questa munizione è basata sul forte ingrandimento della cartuccia .30-06 ed è stata prodotta in molte varianti e generazioni tra cui: incamiciata in metallo (FMJ), tracciante, perforante, , ad abbandono di involucro e . Le cartucce da utilizzare con le mitragliatrici sono unite tra loro con una maglia metallica. (it) De .50 Browning Machine Gun (vaak afgekort als .50 BMG) is een eenheidspatroon ontwikkeld voor het Browning M2-machinegeweer en werd officieel in 1921 in gebruik genomen. Het patroon is gebaseerd op het -patroon. Het is gecategoriseerd als een standaard eenheidspatroon voor NAVO en niet-NAVO landen onder 4383. Het patroon is beschikbaar in vele varianten waaronder , lichtspoor en pantserdoorborend. De .50 BMG wordt onder andere gebruikt in lange afstand geweren, evenals andere .50-kaliber geweren. (nl) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (.50 BMG) – standardowy nabój wielkokalibrowy NATO. (pl) 12,7×99 мм (12,7×99 mm NATO, .50 BMG) — крупнокалиберный патрон, разработанный в США. Он был создан в 1920-х годах в качестве боеприпаса для крупнокалиберного пулемёта Browning M1921. После Второй мировой войны патрон стандартизован в НАТО и выпускается различными странами-участниками НАТО по единым техническим условиям. (ru) O cartucho .50 Browning Machine Gun (12,7×99mm NATO, .50 BMG e designado como 50 Browning pela C.I.P.) leva em seu nome o nome da arma para a qual foi projetado, a .50 Browing Machine Gun. Esse cartucho foi projetado no início da década de 1910 e posto para uso oficial a partir de 1921, sendo assim fabricado em série. A munição é, praticamente, uma munição normal de fuzil (7,62 mm) com maiores dimensões e maior quantidade de pólvora. Atualmente essa munição é fabricada em várias versões: Ball (de ponta arredondada), Hollow Point (de alta precisão), Traçante (para observação), Armor-Piercing (para penetração de blindagens), incendiária (para alvos inflamáveis) e projéteis subcalibre. Essa munição hoje, além da Browning M2, é usada para equipar vários fuzis de precisão (como o Barrett M107) e outras metralhadoras calibre 12,7 mm. No uso em tiro de precisão foi registrado o novo recorde de tiro fatal em distância, onde um atirador das Forças Canadenses chamado Robert Furlong matou um soldado Talibã a 2.430 metros de distância com sua MacMillan TAC-50 na campanha do Afeganistão. (pt) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO eller .50 BMG (50 Caliber Browning Machine Gun) som den kallas i USA, är en patron som konstruerades för kulsprutan M2 Browning på 1910-talet. Den är i stort sett en större variant av patronen .30-06 Springfield. Varken Browning M2 eller .50 BMG togs i tjänst förrän efter första världskriget, men har använts flitigt sedan dess, bland annat i andra världskriget, Koreakriget och Vietnamkriget. I dag används den av många länder, bland andra Sverige. Patronen används förutom i M2 Browning även i ett större antal tunga kulsprutor. (sv) 12.7×99毫米口径北约弹（英語：12.7×99mm NATO cartridge），又稱.50口径勃朗宁机枪弹（英語：.50 Browning Machine Gun，简称.50 BMG），是1910年代後期特別為1921年生產的白朗寧M2重機槍發展出來的彈藥，是由.30-06春田步槍子彈為基礎加碼放大而來，1921年正式服役。.50 BMG彈種繁多，包含全金属被甲弹、曳光彈、穿甲彈、燃燒彈等。使用於機槍時須用金屬彈鏈。 .50 BMG用於長射程反器材步槍，.50口徑機槍以及小部分的超大威力手槍。2002年加拿大陸軍士官於阿富汗使用TAC-50 .50BMG狙擊步槍擊斃 2,430 公尺（7972 英尺／1.509 英哩）外的一名基地組織份子，創下長程狙擊的世界紀錄。（已於2009年11月由英國陸軍騎兵隊下士克雷格·哈里遜以2,475米（8120英尺）超越） 美國國防部高級研究計劃局（DARPA）已經正在展開EXACTO計畫，以.50口徑的狙擊用子彈，於子彈內加入微處理器和轉向葉片，使子彈可以在飛行過程中修正軌跡。 (zh) 12,7×99mm NATO чи .50 BMG (абр. від Browning Machine Gun) — набій калібру 12,7-мм, розроблений для кулемета M2 Browning в кінці 1910-х років. Офіційно прийнятий на озброєння 1921 року. По суті є збільшеним варіантом гвинтівкового набою .30-06. Після Другої світової війни набій був стандартизований в НАТО (STANAG 4383) і випускається різними країнами-учасницями НАТО за єдиними технічними умовами. Варіанти: зі звичайною кулею, трасувальний, бронебійний, запалювальний, підкаліберний. Для живлення кулемета патрони заряджають в металеву стрічку. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | El cartutx 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (també anomenada .50 Browning Machine Gun o .50 BMG) és una munició per a metralladora i alguns fusells desenvolupada als Estats Units a finals de la dècada de 1910. Va entrar en servei l'any 1921 amb la . El disseny es correspon bàsicament a un cartutx .30-06 Springfield engrandit. Aquest cartutx ha estat adoptat com a estàndard pels països de l'OTAN (així com molts d'altres) a partir de l'acord STANAG 4383. S'utilitza especialment en metralladores pesants. (ca) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO nebo také .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) je náboj vyvinutý pro kulomet M2 Browning. Začal se používat v roce 1921. Náboj vznikl velkým zvětšením náboje .30-06. (cs) Die Patrone 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (auch .50 BMG, für Browning Machine Gun) ist eine Standardpatrone der NATO vor allem für schwere Maschinengewehre. (de) La cartouche de 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (également appelée .50 BMG pour « Browning Machine Gun ») est une munition de mitrailleuse lourde et de fusil de précision utilisée par les forces de l'OTAN. (fr) 12.7 × 99 mm NATO 또는 .50 BMG(.50 Browning Machine Gun)는 1910년대 후반 존 브라우닝이 M2 브라우닝 기관총을 위해 개발한 탄이다. 1921년부터 군에 정식 채택되었다. 이 탄은 , 예광탄, 철갑탄, 소이탄, 등 여러 가지 파생형이 개발되고 있다. 이 탄은 주로 기관총에 사용된다. 12.7 × 99 mm NATO는 기관총에 사용되는 것뿐만 아니라 장거리 목표물을 저격할 때에도 사용된다. 이 때 사용되는 것은 통상의 기관총탄과는 다른 고정밀도 탄으로, 볼트 액션 또는 반자동 저격총(주로 )으로 발사된다. 이 탄을 사용해서 기록한 최장거리 저격 기록은 2002년 에서 캐나다 군인 이 저격총을 사용해 탈레반 전투원을 저격 사살한 3589 미터이다. (ko) 12.7x99mm弾 (.50 Browning Machine Gun, .50BMG) は1910年代後半にジョン・ブローニングとウィンチェスター社によって開発された銃弾である。 (ja) La 12,7 × 99 mm NATO o .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) è una cartuccia sviluppata per la mitragliatrice Browning M2 verso la fine del primo decennio del XX secolo. Entrata in servizio ufficialmente nel 1921, questa munizione è basata sul forte ingrandimento della cartuccia .30-06 ed è stata prodotta in molte varianti e generazioni tra cui: incamiciata in metallo (FMJ), tracciante, perforante, , ad abbandono di involucro e . Le cartucce da utilizzare con le mitragliatrici sono unite tra loro con una maglia metallica. (it) De .50 Browning Machine Gun (vaak afgekort als .50 BMG) is een eenheidspatroon ontwikkeld voor het Browning M2-machinegeweer en werd officieel in 1921 in gebruik genomen. Het patroon is gebaseerd op het -patroon. Het is gecategoriseerd als een standaard eenheidspatroon voor NAVO en niet-NAVO landen onder 4383. Het patroon is beschikbaar in vele varianten waaronder , lichtspoor en pantserdoorborend. De .50 BMG wordt onder andere gebruikt in lange afstand geweren, evenals andere .50-kaliber geweren. (nl) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (.50 BMG) – standardowy nabój wielkokalibrowy NATO. (pl) 12,7×99 мм (12,7×99 mm NATO, .50 BMG) — крупнокалиберный патрон, разработанный в США. Он был создан в 1920-х годах в качестве боеприпаса для крупнокалиберного пулемёта Browning M1921. После Второй мировой войны патрон стандартизован в НАТО и выпускается различными странами-участниками НАТО по единым техническим условиям. (ru) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO eller .50 BMG (50 Caliber Browning Machine Gun) som den kallas i USA, är en patron som konstruerades för kulsprutan M2 Browning på 1910-talet. Den är i stort sett en större variant av patronen .30-06 Springfield. Varken Browning M2 eller .50 BMG togs i tjänst förrän efter första världskriget, men har använts flitigt sedan dess, bland annat i andra världskriget, Koreakriget och Vietnamkriget. I dag används den av många länder, bland andra Sverige. Patronen används förutom i M2 Browning även i ett större antal tunga kulsprutor. (sv) 12.7×99毫米口径北约弹（英語：12.7×99mm NATO cartridge），又稱.50口径勃朗宁机枪弹（英語：.50 Browning Machine Gun，简称.50 BMG），是1910年代後期特別為1921年生產的白朗寧M2重機槍發展出來的彈藥，是由.30-06春田步槍子彈為基礎加碼放大而來，1921年正式服役。.50 BMG彈種繁多，包含全金属被甲弹、曳光彈、穿甲彈、燃燒彈等。使用於機槍時須用金屬彈鏈。 .50 BMG用於長射程反器材步槍，.50口徑機槍以及小部分的超大威力手槍。2002年加拿大陸軍士官於阿富汗使用TAC-50 .50BMG狙擊步槍擊斃 2,430 公尺（7972 英尺／1.509 英哩）外的一名基地組織份子，創下長程狙擊的世界紀錄。（已於2009年11月由英國陸軍騎兵隊下士克雷格·哈里遜以2,475米（8120英尺）超越） 美國國防部高級研究計劃局（DARPA）已經正在展開EXACTO計畫，以.50口徑的狙擊用子彈，於子彈內加入微處理器和轉向葉片，使子彈可以在飛行過程中修正軌跡。 (zh) 12,7×99mm NATO чи .50 BMG (абр. від Browning Machine Gun) — набій калібру 12,7-мм, розроблений для кулемета M2 Browning в кінці 1910-х років. Офіційно прийнятий на озброєння 1921 року. По суті є збільшеним варіантом гвинтівкового набою .30-06. Після Другої світової війни набій був стандартизований в НАТО (STANAG 4383) і випускається різними країнами-учасницями НАТО за єдиними технічними умовами. Варіанти: зі звичайною кулею, трасувальний, бронебійний, запалювальний, підкаліберний. Для живлення кулемета патрони заряджають в металеву стрічку. (uk) The .50 Browning Machine Gun (.50 BMG, 12.7×99mm NATO and designated as the 50 Browning by the C.I.P.) is a .50 in (12.7 mm) caliber cartridge developed for the M2 Browning heavy machine gun in the late 1910s, entering official service in 1921. Under STANAG 4383, it is a standard service cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. The cartridge itself has been made in many variants: multiple generations of regular ball, tracer, armor-piercing (AP), incendiary, and saboted sub-caliber rounds. The rounds intended for machine guns are made into a continuous belt using metallic links. (en) El 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN o .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) es un cartucho desarrollado para la Browning M2 a finales de los años 1910. Entrando oficialmente en servicio en 1921, el cartucho es básicamente un .30-06 Springfield sobredimensionado. Ha sido fabricado en muchas variantes: bala simple, trazadora, antiblindaje, incendiaria y sub-calibre. Los cartuchos para ametralladoras son encintados con ayuda de eslabones metálicos. (es) .50 Browning Machine Gun (.50 BMG) atau 12,7 x 99 mm NATO adalah peluru yang didesain untuk senapan mesin berat M2 Browning yang secara resmi digunakan pada tahun 1921, meskipun pengembangannya sudah dimulai sejak tahun 1910an. Selain untuk M2, peluru ini digunakan juga untuk senapan runduk (sniper rifle) dan juga senapan mesin yang menggunakan peluru kaliber .50. Peluru ini biasanya diuntai sebagaimana halnya peluru untuk senapan mesin, tetapi untuk pemakaian pada senapan runduk peluru ini tidak diuntai. (in) O cartucho .50 Browning Machine Gun (12,7×99mm NATO, .50 BMG e designado como 50 Browning pela C.I.P.) leva em seu nome o nome da arma para a qual foi projetado, a .50 Browing Machine Gun. Esse cartucho foi projetado no início da década de 1910 e posto para uso oficial a partir de 1921, sendo assim fabricado em série. A munição é, praticamente, uma munição normal de fuzil (7,62 mm) com maiores dimensões e maior quantidade de pólvora. Atualmente essa munição é fabricada em várias versões: Ball (de ponta arredondada), Hollow Point (de alta precisão), Traçante (para observação), Armor-Piercing (para penetração de blindagens), incendiária (para alvos inflamáveis) e projéteis subcalibre. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (ca) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (cs) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (de) .50 BMG (en) 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (es) .50 BMG (in) 12,7 × 99 mm OTAN (fr) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (it) 12.7x99mm NATO弾 (ja) 12.7 × 99 mm NATO (ko) .50 Browning Machine Gun (nl) Nabój 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (pl) .50 BMG (pt) 12,7 × 99 мм НАТО (ru) 12,7 × 99 mm NATO (sv) 12.7×99mm NATO (zh) 12,7×99 мм НАТО (uk) |
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