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A schism between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and part of its Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (which later became the Moscow Patriarchate) occurred between approximately 1467 and 1560. This schism de facto ended supposedly around 1560. On 15 December 1448, Jonah became Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' without the agreement of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which made the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' de facto independent. In 1467, Metropolitan Gregory the Bulgarian, which had been appointed by the Pope as the Uniate Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus', severed the Union with the Catholic Church, and recognized the jurisdiction of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch Dionysius I of Constantinople. Dionysius demanded that all the Eastern Orthodox hierarchs of Muscovy submit to Gregory, but Moscow peremptorily refused. On the same year, Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow declared a complete rupture of relations with the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Relations were gradually restored and in 1560 the Patriarch of Constantinople considered the Metropolitan of Moscow to be his exarch. In 1589–1591, the Church of Moscow was recognized as autocephalous, and the Patriarch of Moscow later became the fifth Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church. (en) El cisma entre el Patriarcado Ecuménico y parte de Metrópolis de Kiev y toda la Rusia, que más tarde se convirtió en el Patriarcado de Moscú, se produjo aproximadamente entre 1467 y 1560. Este cisma de facto terminó supuestamente hacia 1560. El 15 de diciembre de 1448, Jonás se convirtió en «Metropolitano de Kiev y toda la Rusia» sin el acuerdo del Patriarcado Ecuménico de Constantinopla, lo que hizo que la Metrópolis de Kiev y toda la Rusia fuera de facto independiente. En 1467, Gregorio el Búlgaro, que había sido nombrado por el papa como Metropolitano de Kiev y toda la Rusia, rompió la unión con la Iglesia católica, y reconoció la jurisdicción del patriarca ortodoxo . Dionisio exigió que todos los cristianos ortodoxos de Moscovia se sometieran a Gregorio, pero Moscú se negó perentoriamente. Ese mismo año, el Gran Príncipe Iván III de Moscú declaró la ruptura total de las relaciones con el Patriarcado de Constantinopla. Las relaciones se restablecieron gradualmente y en 1560 el Patriarca de Constantinopla consideró al metropolitano de Moscú como su exarca. En 1589-1591, la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa fue reconocida como autocéfala y el Patriarca de Moscú se convirtió posteriormente en el quinto patriarca de la Iglesia ortodoxa. (es) Розкол між Вселенським патріархатом та частиною його Київської митрополії (який пізніше став Московським патріархатом) відбувся приблизно між 1467 і 1560 рр. Цей розкол де-факто припинився нібито близько 1560 року. 15 грудня 1448 р. Йона став митрополитом Київським і всієї Руси без угоди Вселенського патріархату Константинополя, який зробив Київську митрополію та всю Русь фактично незалежною. У 1467 р. Митрополит Григорій Болгарський, який був призначений Папою уніатським митрополитом Київським і всієї Русі, розірвав унію з Католицькою церквою і визнав юрисдикцію Константинопольського східно-православного патріарха Діонісія I. Діонісій вимагав, щоб усі східно-православні ієрархи Московії підкорилися Григорію, але Москва тимчасово відмовилася. Того ж року великий князь московський Іван III заявив про повний розрив відносин з Константинопольським патріархатом. Відносини поступово відновлювалися, і в 1560 р. Вселенський патріарх вважав Московського митрополита своїм екзархом. У 1589–1591 рр. Церква Московії була визнана автокефальною, а Московський Патріарх згодом став п’ятим Патріархом Східної Православної церкви. (uk) |
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http://esxatos.com/basil-lourie-prekrashchenie-moskovskogo-cerkovnogo-raskola http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/church_in_captivity_s_runciman.htm http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html http://www.sedmitza.ru/lib/text/443009/ http://www.vremennik.biz/sites/all/files/29_10_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D.%D0%90._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%20%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%20(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)_%D0%92%D0%92%2029%20(1968).pdf https://basilica.ro/en/original-1590-synodal-tomos-of-foundation-of-moscow-patriarchate/%7Ctitle=Original https://books.google.be/books%3Fid=VMhUDwAAQBAJ&hl=fr&source=gbs_navlinks_s https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/GEOP/article/view/58910/4564456548696%7Cjournal=Geopol%C3%ADtica(s). http://www.pravenc.ru/text/166632.html https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Vm5OGIBgoHMC%7Cdate=1985%7Cpublisher=Cambridge https://www.academia.edu/11985672%7Ctitle=Le https://www.academia.edu/12517867%7Ctitle=Council https://www.academia.edu/9968613/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1467_1560_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85_The_End_of_the_Moscow_Schism_of_1467-1560_the_Final_of_the_Story_in_Documents_in_Russian_ |
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Grand Prince Ivan III of Russia refused to recognize Gregory the Bulgarian as head of Moscow's Church, which led to a rupture of communion between the Churches of Moscow and Constantinople in 1460. This break was mended by around 1560. (en) |
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Letter of Patriarch Anthony to Vasily I (en) |
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The holy emperor has a great place in the church, for he is not like other rulers or governors of other regions. This s [[[sic]]] so because from the beginning the emperors established and confirmed the [true] faith in all the inhabited world. They convoked the ecumenical councils and confirmed and decreed the acceptance of the pronouncements of the divine and holy canons regarding the correct doctrines and the government of Christians. [...] The basileus [note: the Greek term for emperor] is anointed with the great myrrh and is appointed basileus and autokrator of the Romans, and indeed of all Christians. Everywhere the name of the emperor is commemorated by all patriarchs and metropolitans and bishops wherever men are called Christians, [a thing] which no other ruler or governor ever received. Indeed he enjoys such great authority over all that even the Latins themselves, who are not in communion with our church, render him the same honor and submission which they did in the old days when they were united with us. So much more do Orthodox Christians owe such recognition to him.... (en) Therefore, my son, you are wrong to affirm that we have the church without an Emperors for it is impossible for Christians to have a church and no empire. The Baslleia [empire] and the church have a great unity and community - indeed they cannot be separated. Christians can repudiate only emperors who are heretics who attack the church, or who introduce doctrines irreconcilable with the teachings of the Apostles and the Fathers. [...] Of whom, then, do the Fathers, councils, and canons speak? Always and everywhere they speak loudly of' the one rightful basileus, whose laws, decrees, and charters are in force throughout the world and who alone, only he, is mentioned in all places by Christians in the liturgy. (en) So know, pious king, that all the Christian kingdoms came to an end and came together in a single kingdom of yours, two Romes have fallen, the third stands, and there will be no fourth [emphasis added]. No one shall replace your Christian Tsardom according to the great Theologian [cf. ] [...]. (en) |
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A schism between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and part of its Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (which later became the Moscow Patriarchate) occurred between approximately 1467 and 1560. This schism de facto ended supposedly around 1560. Relations were gradually restored and in 1560 the Patriarch of Constantinople considered the Metropolitan of Moscow to be his exarch. In 1589–1591, the Church of Moscow was recognized as autocephalous, and the Patriarch of Moscow later became the fifth Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church. (en) El cisma entre el Patriarcado Ecuménico y parte de Metrópolis de Kiev y toda la Rusia, que más tarde se convirtió en el Patriarcado de Moscú, se produjo aproximadamente entre 1467 y 1560. Este cisma de facto terminó supuestamente hacia 1560. Las relaciones se restablecieron gradualmente y en 1560 el Patriarca de Constantinopla consideró al metropolitano de Moscú como su exarca. En 1589-1591, la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa fue reconocida como autocéfala y el Patriarca de Moscú se convirtió posteriormente en el quinto patriarca de la Iglesia ortodoxa. (es) Розкол між Вселенським патріархатом та частиною його Київської митрополії (який пізніше став Московським патріархатом) відбувся приблизно між 1467 і 1560 рр. Цей розкол де-факто припинився нібито близько 1560 року. Відносини поступово відновлювалися, і в 1560 р. Вселенський патріарх вважав Московського митрополита своїм екзархом. У 1589–1591 рр. Церква Московії була визнана автокефальною, а Московський Патріарх згодом став п’ятим Патріархом Східної Православної церкви. (uk) |
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15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism (en) Cisma de Moscú-Constantinopla en los siglos XV-XVI (es) Московсько-Константинопольська схизма (XV-XVI ст.) (uk) |
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