Ishmaelites (original) (raw)
الإسماعليون أو بنو إسماعيل، هم على ما ورد في سفر التكوين من العهد القديم، نسل النبي إسماعيل الابن الأكبر للنبي إبراهيم.
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| dbo:abstract | الإسماعليون أو بنو إسماعيل، هم على ما ورد في سفر التكوين من العهد القديم، نسل النبي إسماعيل الابن الأكبر للنبي إبراهيم. (ar) Die Ismaeliten oder Ismaeliter (lateinisch Ismaelitae, englisch Ishmaelites) sind die Nachkommen von Abrahams erstgeborenem Sohn Ismael, der als Stammvater der Araber gilt. Im Christlichen Orient hat man diesen Begriff ab dem frühen Mittelalter als Bezeichnung für die Muslime verwendet. So werden zum Beispiel in der Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, die im späten 7. Jahrhundert abgefasst wurde, die muslimischen Araber als „Söhne Ismaels“ beschrieben. Im 8. Jahrhundert verfasste der Theologe Johannes von Damaskus (gestorben 754) eine Streitschrift gegen die „Häresie der Ismaeliten“, womit er den Islam meinte. Im koptischen Daniel-Buch, das auf die Mitte des 8. Jahrhunderts datiert wird, wird der Umayyaden-Staat als „Reich der Ismaeliten“ beschrieben und in die Vier-Reiche-Lehre integriert. In Osteuropa, insbesondere in der Kiewer Rus, bezeichnete man mit den Ismaeliten jene turksprachigen Muslime, die von der unteren Wolga und vom Nordrand des Kaspischen Meers her in den Ostländern Europas Handel trieben und sich später dort ansiedelten. Die Nestorchronik erklärt, dass es insgesamt vier ismaelitische Stämme gebe, nämlich die Turkmenen, die Petschenegen, die Türken und die Polowzer beziehungsweise Kumanen. Auch im mittelalterlichen Ungarn verwendete man den Begriff in diesem Sinne. Im 58. Kapitel der Gesta Hungarorum wird berichtet, dass im 10. Jahrhundert eine große Menge von Ismaeliten aus Bolgar nach Ungarn kamen. Damit sind Kumanen gemeint, die aus dem Reich der Wolgabulgaren einwanderten und die früheste muslimische Bevölkerung in Ungarn bildeten. Im lateinischen Westen wurde der Begriff Ismaeliten – neben Sarazenen – allgemein als Bezeichnung für die Muslime verwendet. So schrieb der spanische Theologe Juan de Torquemada (gestorben 1468) einen Tractatus contra Madianitas et Ismaelitas. Die Ismaeliten sind nicht mit den Ismailiten, den Anhängern einer schiitischen Lehre, zu verwechseln. Diese sind nach Ismāʿīl ibn Dschaʿfar, dem Sohn des sechsten schiitischen Imam, Dschaʿfar as-Sādiq, benannt. (de) The Ishmaelites (Hebrew: יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים Yīšməʿēʾlīm, Arabic: بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل Bani Isma'il; "sons of Ishmael") were a collection of various Arabian tribes, confederations and small kingdoms described in Islamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael, a prophet according to the Quran, the first son of Abraham and the Egyptian Hagar. According to the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, Ishmael had one daughter and twelve sons, the "twelve princes" mentioned in Genesis 17:20. In Islamic tradition, this gave rise to the "Twelve Tribes of Ishmael", Arab tribes from which the early Muslims were descended. In Jewish tradition, the Twelve Tribes of Israel were descended from Abraham's other son, Isaac, via Isaac's son Jacob. These traditions are accepted by both Islam and Judaism. Genesis and 1 Chronicles describe the Qedarites as a tribe descended from the second son of Ishmael, Qedar. Some Abrahamic scholars described the historic tribe of Nabataeans as descendants of Nebaioth based on the similarity of sounds, but others reject this connection. Different Islamic groups assign the ancestry of the Islamic prophet Muhammad either to Qedar or Nebaioth. Assyrian and Babylonian Inscriptions refer to the Ishmaelites as "Sumu'ilu", a tribal confederation that would take control of the incense trade route during the dominance of the Assyrian Empire to the north. (en) Menurut Kitab Kejadian, Bani Ismail (Ibrani: Bnai Yishma'el Arab: Bani Isma'il, ) adalah para keturunan Isma'il, putra sulung Ibrahim dan keturunan dari dua belas putra dan pangeran Ismail. Sepanjang sejarah, bani Ismail diasosiasikan dengan bangsa Arab (khususnya bangsa Arab Utara). Sehingga, dua suku Arab Utara, Kedar dan Nabatea, menisbatkan nama dua putra Ismael dalam silsilah mereka. (in) De acordo com o Livro de Gênesis, Ismaelitas (árabe: Bani ismail, hebraico: Bnai Yishma el) são os descendentes de Ismael, o filho mais velho de Abraão, e os descendentes dos doze filhos, os príncipes de Ismael. No Alcorão; "Deus deu dons a todos Ismael, Eliseu, Jonas e Lot favor acima das nações". "Com alguns de seus antepassados e seus descendentes, e seus irmãos; e Nós escolheu e guiou-os até à senda reta". (pt) Измаильтяне — народы, описанные в Библии, потомки Измаила, 12 сыновей которого сделались князьями народов или племён Измаильских. Считаются прародителями западноаравийских племен, в отличие от остальных арабов Аравии, чье происхождение возводится к кадианитам. (ru) |
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| dbp:birthPlace | Mecca and Hejaz (en) |
| dbp:name | Ishmaelites (en) Sons of Ishmael (en) |
| dbp:text | And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, (en) Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah (en) Nebaioth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, (en) And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | الإسماعليون أو بنو إسماعيل، هم على ما ورد في سفر التكوين من العهد القديم، نسل النبي إسماعيل الابن الأكبر للنبي إبراهيم. (ar) Menurut Kitab Kejadian, Bani Ismail (Ibrani: Bnai Yishma'el Arab: Bani Isma'il, ) adalah para keturunan Isma'il, putra sulung Ibrahim dan keturunan dari dua belas putra dan pangeran Ismail. Sepanjang sejarah, bani Ismail diasosiasikan dengan bangsa Arab (khususnya bangsa Arab Utara). Sehingga, dua suku Arab Utara, Kedar dan Nabatea, menisbatkan nama dua putra Ismael dalam silsilah mereka. (in) De acordo com o Livro de Gênesis, Ismaelitas (árabe: Bani ismail, hebraico: Bnai Yishma el) são os descendentes de Ismael, o filho mais velho de Abraão, e os descendentes dos doze filhos, os príncipes de Ismael. No Alcorão; "Deus deu dons a todos Ismael, Eliseu, Jonas e Lot favor acima das nações". "Com alguns de seus antepassados e seus descendentes, e seus irmãos; e Nós escolheu e guiou-os até à senda reta". (pt) Измаильтяне — народы, описанные в Библии, потомки Измаила, 12 сыновей которого сделались князьями народов или племён Измаильских. Считаются прародителями западноаравийских племен, в отличие от остальных арабов Аравии, чье происхождение возводится к кадианитам. (ru) Die Ismaeliten oder Ismaeliter (lateinisch Ismaelitae, englisch Ishmaelites) sind die Nachkommen von Abrahams erstgeborenem Sohn Ismael, der als Stammvater der Araber gilt. Im Christlichen Orient hat man diesen Begriff ab dem frühen Mittelalter als Bezeichnung für die Muslime verwendet. So werden zum Beispiel in der Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, die im späten 7. Jahrhundert abgefasst wurde, die muslimischen Araber als „Söhne Ismaels“ beschrieben. Im 8. Jahrhundert verfasste der Theologe Johannes von Damaskus (gestorben 754) eine Streitschrift gegen die „Häresie der Ismaeliten“, womit er den Islam meinte. Im koptischen Daniel-Buch, das auf die Mitte des 8. Jahrhunderts datiert wird, wird der Umayyaden-Staat als „Reich der Ismaeliten“ beschrieben und in die Vier-Reiche-Lehre integriert. (de) The Ishmaelites (Hebrew: יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים Yīšməʿēʾlīm, Arabic: بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل Bani Isma'il; "sons of Ishmael") were a collection of various Arabian tribes, confederations and small kingdoms described in Islamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael, a prophet according to the Quran, the first son of Abraham and the Egyptian Hagar. Assyrian and Babylonian Inscriptions refer to the Ishmaelites as "Sumu'ilu", a tribal confederation that would take control of the incense trade route during the dominance of the Assyrian Empire to the north. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Ishmaelites (en) الإسماعليون (ar) Ismaeliten (de) Bani Ismail (in) Ismaelitas (pt) Измаильтяне (ru) |
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