Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (original) (raw)
أنتوني أشلي كوبر، إيرل شافتسبري الأول (22 يوليو 1621 - 21 يناير 1683) كان سياسيًا إنجليزيًا بارزًا خلال فترة خلو العرش وفترة حكم الملك تشارلز الثاني.
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| dbo:abstract | أنتوني أشلي كوبر، إيرل شافتسبري الأول (22 يوليو 1621 - 21 يناير 1683) كان سياسيًا إنجليزيًا بارزًا خلال فترة خلو العرش وفترة حكم الملك تشارلز الثاني. (ar) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. hrabě ze Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, 1st Baron Ashley, 2nd Baronet Cooper of Rockbourne) (22. července 1621 Dorset – 21. ledna 1683 Amsterdam, Nizozemsko) byl anglický státník. Jako příslušník drobné venkovské šlechty se za revoluce přidal na stranu parlamentu a stal se členem státní rady. Později podpořil obnovení monarchie a zastával řadu vysokých státních úřadů. Ve funkci prvního lorda pokladu byl v letech 1670–1672 fakticky prvním ministrem v rámci vlády cabal. Získal titul hraběte, ale po pádu vlády cabal se přidal k opozici proti Karlovi II. Zemřel v exilu. (cs) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. Earl of Shaftesbury PC (* 22. Juli 1621 in Wimborne Saint Giles (County Dorset); † 21. Januar 1683 in Amsterdam) war ein bedeutender englischer Politiker und Adliger. Er ist insbesondere auch deshalb bekannt, weil er John Locke protegierte, der sein persönlicher Sekretär war. (de) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury PC FRS (22 July 1621 – 21 January 1683; known as Anthony Ashley Cooper from 1621 to 1630, as Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet from 1630 to 1661, and as The Lord Ashley from 1661 to 1672) was a prominent English politician during the Interregnum and the reign of King Charles II. A founder of the Whig party, he was also the patron of John Locke. Cooper was born in 1621. Having lost his parents by the age of eight, he was raised by Edward Tooker and other guardians named in his father's will. He attended Exeter College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn. He married the daughter of Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry in 1639; that patronage secured his first seat in the Short Parliament. He soon lost a disputed election to the Long Parliament. During the English Civil Wars he fought as a Royalist; then as a Parliamentarian from 1644. During the English Interregnum, he served on the English Council of State under Oliver Cromwell, although he opposed Cromwell's attempt to rule without Parliament during the Rule of the Major-Generals. He also opposed the religious extremism of the Fifth Monarchists during Barebone's Parliament. Later as a member and patron he opposed the New Model Army's attempts to rule after Richard Cromwell's ousting; encouraged Sir George Monck's march on London, a pivotal march in restoring the monarchy; sat in the Convention Parliament of 1660 which agreed to restore the English monarchy; and travelled as a member of its twelve-strong delegation to the Dutch Republic to invite King Charles II to return. Charles, shortly before his coronation, created Cooper Lord Ashley; thus, when the Cavalier Parliament assembled in 1661 the new peer moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1661–1672. During the ministry of the Earl of Clarendon, he opposed the Clarendon Code, preferring Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence (1662), which the King was forced to relinquish. After the fall of Clarendon, he was one of the five among the later-criticised, acronym-based, Cabal Ministry or 'the cabal', serving as Lord Chancellor in 1672–1673; he was created Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672. During this period, John Locke entered his household. Ashley took an interest in colonial ventures and was one of the Lords Proprietor of the Province of Carolina. In 1669, Ashley and Locke collaborated in writing the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. By 1673, Ashley was worried that the heir to the throne, James, Duke of York, was secretly a Roman Catholic. Shaftesbury became a leading opponent of the policies of Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby who favoured strict interpretation of penal laws and compulsory Anglican adherence. Shaftesbury, who sympathized with Protestant Nonconformists, briefly agreed to work with the possible heir to the throne, the Duke of York (James), who opposed enforcing the penal laws against Roman Catholic recusants. By 1675, however, Shaftesbury was convinced that Danby, assisted by high church bishops, was determined to revert England to an absolute monarchy. He soon came to see the Duke of York's religion as linked to this aspiration. Opposed to the growth of "popery and arbitrary government" throughout the period 1675–1680, Shaftesbury argued in favour of frequent parliaments (spending time in the Tower of London in 1677–1678 for espousing this view) and argued that the nation needed protection from a potential Roman Catholic successor; thus during the Exclusion Crisis he was an outspoken supporter of the Exclusion Bill. He combined this with supporting Charles II's remarrying a Protestant princess to produce a legitimate Protestant heir, or legitimizing his illegitimate Protestant son the Duke of Monmouth. The Whig party was born during this crisis, and Shaftesbury was one of the party's most prominent leaders. In 1681, during the Tory reaction following the failure of the Exclusion Bill, Shaftesbury was arrested for high treason, a prosecution dropped several months later. In 1682, after the Tories had gained the power to pack London juries with their supporters, Shaftesbury, fearing re-arrest and trial, fled abroad, arrived in Amsterdam, fell ill and soon died, in January 1683. (en) Anthony Ashley Cooper, I Conde de Shaftesbury (22 de julio de 1621 – 21 de enero de 1683), llamado Anthony Ashley Cooper entre 1621 a 1631, y Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet desde 1631 a 1661, y Lord Ashley desde 1661 a 1672, fue un prominente político de Inglaterra durante el interregno inglés y durante el reinado de Carlos II. Fundador del partido Whig, se lo recuerda como patrocinador de John Locke. Anthony Ashley Cooper nace en 1621 y a la edad de ocho años sus dos padres han fallecido. Fue educado por Edward Tooker y otros guardianes mencionados en el testamento de su padre, antes de concurrir al Exeter College y la . Luego de contraer casamiento con la hija de Thomas Coventry, 1.er Barón de Coventry, en 1639, el patronazgo de Coventry le permitió a Cooper acceder a un cargo en el Parlamento corto, aunque Cooper perdió una elección reñida por una plaza en el Parlamento largo. Durante la Revolución inglesa, Cooper inicialmente luchó como Royalist, antes de cruzarse al lado Parlamentario en 1644. Durante el interregno inglés, se desempeñó en el bajo Oliver Cromwell, aunque se opuso al intento de Cromwell de gobernar sin el parlamento durante el . También se opuso al extremismo religioso de los quintomonarquistas durante el Parlamento de Barebone. Como miembro del Consejo de Estado, Cooper se opuso a los intentos del New Model Army de gobernar el país luego de la caída de Richard Cromwell, y promovió la marcha de Sir George Monck sobre Londres. Cooper fue miembro del de 1660, que decide restaurar la monarquía inglesa, y Cooper fue uno de los doce miembros del parlamento que viajaron a los Países Bajos para invitar al rey Carlos II a que regresara a Inglaterra. Poco antes de su coronación, Carlos lo nombró "Lord", de forma tal que cuando el se reunió en 1661 Cooper se mudó de la Cámara de los Comunes a la Cámara de los Lores. Fue Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1661–1672. Durante el ministerio del Edward Hyde, Primer duque de Clarendon, Shaftesbury se opuso a la imposición del Código Clarendon y apoyó la Declaración de Indulgencia de Carlos II (1662), la que el rey finalmente se vio obligado a retirar. Luego de la caída de Clarendon, Ashley fue uno de los miembros del denominado Cabal Ministry, siendo Lord Chancellor entre 1672–1673. Fue designado en 1672. Durante este período, John Locke pasó a trabajar con Ashley. Ashley se interesó en las empresas coloniales y fue uno de los propietarios de la Provincia de Carolina; en 1669, Ashley y Locke colaboraron en la redacción de . Hacia 1673, Ashley estaba preocupado porque el sucesor al trono, Jacobo Duque de York, en secreto era católico. Luego que concluyera el Cabal Ministry, Shaftesbury pasa a ser el líder de la oposición a las políticas promovidas por . Danby estaba a favor de una interpretación estricta de las , obligando a pertenecer a la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Shaftesbury, que simpatizaba con los inconformistas protestantes, durante un lapso breve trabajó con el Duque de York, que se oponía a obligar cumplir con las leyes penales contra los recusantes católicos. Sin embargo para 1675, Shaftesbury estaba convencido de que Danby, ayudado por los Obispos de la Iglesia de Inglaterra, estaba determinado a transformar Inglaterra en una monarquía absoluta, y pronto pasó a considerar las inclinaciones religiosas del propio Duque de York como relacionadas con este tema. Se opuso al crecimiento de "popery and arbitrary government", durante los finales de la década de 1670 Shaftesbury argumentó en favor de parlamentos frecuentes (pasó algún tiempo en la Torre de Londres, 1677–1678 por defender este punto de vista) y sostuvo que la nación necesitaba protección de un potencial sucesor católico del rey Carlos II. Durante la crisis de la exclusión, Shaftesbury fue un promotor explícito de la Exclusion Bill, aunque también apoya otras propuestas que podrían haber evitado que el Duque de York se convirtiera en rey, tales como que Carlos II se casara nuevamente con una princesa protestante y engendraran un vástago protestante sucesor al trono, o legitimar el hijo protestante ilegítimo de Carlos II hijo del . El partido Whig nace durante la Exclusión Crisis, y Shaftesbury fue uno de los líderes más prominentes del partido. (es) Anthony Ashley-Cooper PC (22 juillet 1621, Wimborne St Giles (Dorset)– 21 janvier 1683, Amsterdam), 1er comte de Shaftesbury, connu comme sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2e baronnet de 1631 à 1661, puis comme Lord Ashley de 1661 à 1672, tient un rôle politique important pendant le Commonwealth et la Restauration. Il est l'un des fondateurs du parti Whig (en anglais : Whig Party) et est connu pour avoir employé le philosophe John Locke. Rallié à Cromwell, il est membre du Conseil d'État (Council of State) mais démissionne en 1655 pour protester contre les tendances dictatoriales du régime. À la Restauration, il est Chancelier de l'Échiquier dans le gouvernement Clarendon, puis lord chancelier dans le « Ministère de la cabale ». Il tombe en disgrâce en 1673 et est emprisonné à la Tour de Londres de 1677 à 1678[réf. nécessaire]. Pour certains historiens il serait compromis dans le pseudo-complot papiste dénoncé par Titus Oates. Soutenant le duc de Monmouth, il fut accusé de haute trahison et choisit de s'exiler aux Provinces-Unies en 1681. (fr) Lord Ashley (1621-1683) atau Anthony Ashley Cooper adalah politikus Inggris. Ia diangkat menjadi Pangeran Shaftesbury pertama pada tahun 1661. Lord Ashley adalah pendiri partai Whig, yang merupakan oposisi terhadap Raja Charles II. Namanya dikenal karena ia menjadi atasan John Locke. * l * b * s (in) 제1대 섀프츠베리 백작 앤서니 애슐리쿠퍼(영어: Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621년 7월 22일 - 1683년 1월 21일)는 찰스 2세 재임시에 뛰어난 영국의 정치가이다. 그는 휘그당의 창시자이다. 존 로크의 후원자였다. 그는 청교도 일부를 이끌고 비국교도와 상인들과 연계하여 요크 공작인 제임스의 왕위계승권을 배제하는 법안을 여러번 제출하였으나 실패하였다. 이런 일로 반역죄로 체포되었지만 무죄판결을 받았다. 그 이후 그와 그의 추종자들이 휘그당으로 불리게 되어 그 반대에 해당하는 토리당과 함께 영국 정치 역사에서 근대적인 양당 정치가 본격적으로 시작되었다. (ko) Anthony Ashley Cooper (22 juli 1621 – 21 januari 1683), 1e graaf van Shaftesbury, was een Engels politicus. Hij studeerde aan de prestigieuze Universiteit van Oxford. In 1640 werd hij lid van het Parlement, maar hij nam pas daadwerkelijk zitting in het Rompparlement in 1653. In de Engelse Burgeroorlog steunde hij aanvankelijk koning Karel I, maar in 1644 schaarde hij zich aan de zijde van het Parlement. In 1659 werkte hij mee aan de Restauratie. Na de val van werd hij lid van het , waarin hij zich sterk maakte tegen . Als fel anti-katholiek raakte hij in 1672 in conflict met Karel II wegens diens tolerantie op godsdienstig gebied. De Declaration of Indulgence van de koning leidde tot de Test Act van het parlement, die ambtenaren dwong zich te laten onderzoeken op katholieke sympathieën. In 1672 werd hij verheven tot graaf van Shaftesbury en benoemd tot kanselier. Hij steunde aanvankelijk de oorlog tegen de Nederlanden, maar toen hij kennisnam van de geheime inhoud van het Verdrag van Dover keerde hij zich tegen de koning om vervolgens te worden gearresteerd. Na vrijlating koos hij wederom de zijde van koning Karel II. Als oppositieleider had hij in het parlement een belangrijk aandeel in het in werking treden van de Habeas Corpus Act van 1679. Vanaf 1679 kwam hij nogmaals met de koning in conflict en in 1681 volgde arrestatie wegens hoogverraad. De graaf slaagde erin naar Amsterdam te vluchten, waar hij korte tijd later overleed. (nl) 初代シャフツベリ伯爵アントニー・アシュリー＝クーパー（Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, PC, 1621年7月22日 - 1683年1月21日）は、17世紀の共和政・護国卿政及びチャールズ2世治下のイングランドの政治家。 ジョン・ロックのパトロンでもあり、チャールズ2世のもと一時はcabalの一員として権力を握るも、強い反カトリックの姿勢を示したため次第にチャールズ2世との間に距離ができ、ついには武装蜂起を計画して亡命をよぎなくされた。 (ja) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, primo conte di Shaftesbury (22 luglio 1621 – 21 gennaio 1683), è stato un politico inglese.È conosciuto per essere stato il maggior protettore di John Locke. (it) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1. hrabia Shaftesbury, PC (ur. 22 lipca 1621 w Dorset, zm. 21 stycznia 1683 w Amsterdamie) – angielski arystokrata i polityk. Kanclerz skarbu królestwa Anglii w Ministerium Clarendona (1661–1667), pełnił to stanowisko również w ministerium (1667–1673), lord kanclerz Anglii w latach 1672–1673. Następnie Pierwszy Lord Handlu w oraz lord przewodniczący Rady w Ministerium Tajnej Rady w latach 1678–1679. (pl) Энтони Эшли-Купер (англ. Anthony Ashley Cooper, 22 июля 1621 — 21 января 1683) — известный английский политический деятель, 2-й баронет Рокборн (с 23 марта 1631), барон Эшли Уимборн Сен-Жильский (с 20 апреля 1661), барон Купер Поулеттский и 1-й граф Шефтсбери (с 23 апреля 1672). Член министерской группы «Кабаль». Высшее образование получил в Эксетер колледж в Оксфорде. В 1640 году вступил в нижнюю палату от Тьюксбери и Даунтона (исключен до 1660). С 1642 заместитель лорд-лейтенанта графства Дорсетшир (вновь с 17 декабря 1662). Во время гражданской войны был сначала сторонником Карла I, где дослужился до чина полковника пехоты и капитана гвардейской кавалерии (1643); занимал должность губернатора Уэймута и Портленда (до января 1644), но в 1644 году перешёл на сторону парламента. Во время протектората Кромвеля принадлежал к парламентской оппозиции. Вместе с Монком способствовал реставрации Стюартов. После воцарения Карла II заседал в суде по делу о казни короля Карла I. 27 марта 1660 избран в Палату общин от графства Уилтшир (до этого избирался от Уилтшира в 1653, 1654-55, 1656-58 и 1659). С 27 мая 1660 также член Тайного совета. В 1661 году возведён в звание пэра и назначен канцлером казначейства, а в 1672 года — лордом-канцлером. С 1669 года был одним из самых влиятельных членов так называемого министерства Кабаль, которое должно было восстановить в Англии абсолютизм. Когда политика короля стала склоняться к союзу с Францией, Шефтсбери ввиду вызванного этим общего негодования переменил фронт и настаивал на удалении герцога Йоркского (будущего короля Якова II) из состава Тайного совета. Это привело в 1673 году к увольнению Шефтсбери, сделавшегося вслед за тем вождём самой ожесточенной парламентской оппозиции. Энтони Эшли-Купер также руководил разработкой Генерального плана для провинции Каролина. Отсрочку парламента на 15 месяцев (в 1675 году) он объявил незаконной, за что был заключен в Тауэр. Освобожденный в 1678 году, он воспользовался мнимым заговором папистов, чтобы пробудить ненависть народа к католикам, и восстал против права герцога Йоркского быть преемником Карла II на английском престоле. В 1679 году он недолго был президентом Тайного совета, после чего, добившись возвращения герцога Монмутского в Англию, поддерживал его права и интересы. Привлеченный к суду по обвинению в государственной измене, он был оправдан (1681). Вслед за тем он примкнул к заговору, известному под названием en:Rye House Plot. Заговор этот был раскрыт, и Шефтсбери пришлось бежать в Амстердам, где он вскоре и умер. Его воспоминания, письма и речи издал Christie, «Memoirs, letters and speeches» (Лондон, 1860), а ещё раньше — Martyn (ib., 1837). Ср. Christie, «Life of the first Earl of Shaftesbury» (Л., 1871—1878); Trail, «Shaftesbury» (ib., 1886). (ru) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1:e earl av Shaftesbury, född 22 juli 1621 i Wimborne (Dorsetshire), död 21 januari 1683 i Amsterdam, var en engelsk statsman. Cooper grundade Whigpartiet, och förmådde John Locke att skriva en författning åt den amerikanska kolonin Carolina (numera North och South Carolina) som han hade fått i förläning. Han var farfar till Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3:e earl av Shaftesbury. (sv) 第一代沙夫茨伯里伯爵安東尼·阿什利-柯柏（英語：Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 1621年7月22日－1683年1月21日）英国克伦威尔及查理二世时期政治家、辉格党创始人，英国政治哲学家约翰·洛克的赞助人。英国内战期间先后参与保王党和议会军，后在国务会议任职，参与斯图亚特王朝复辟，期间反对第一代克拉伦登伯爵爱德华·海德，1672年获封沙夫茨伯里伯爵，后因叛国罪流亡海外。 (zh) |
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| dbo:birthName | Anthony Ashley Cooper (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Portrait by John Greenhill (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | أنتوني أشلي كوبر، إيرل شافتسبري الأول (22 يوليو 1621 - 21 يناير 1683) كان سياسيًا إنجليزيًا بارزًا خلال فترة خلو العرش وفترة حكم الملك تشارلز الثاني. (ar) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. hrabě ze Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, 1st Baron Ashley, 2nd Baronet Cooper of Rockbourne) (22. července 1621 Dorset – 21. ledna 1683 Amsterdam, Nizozemsko) byl anglický státník. Jako příslušník drobné venkovské šlechty se za revoluce přidal na stranu parlamentu a stal se členem státní rady. Později podpořil obnovení monarchie a zastával řadu vysokých státních úřadů. Ve funkci prvního lorda pokladu byl v letech 1670–1672 fakticky prvním ministrem v rámci vlády cabal. Získal titul hraběte, ale po pádu vlády cabal se přidal k opozici proti Karlovi II. Zemřel v exilu. (cs) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. Earl of Shaftesbury PC (* 22. Juli 1621 in Wimborne Saint Giles (County Dorset); † 21. Januar 1683 in Amsterdam) war ein bedeutender englischer Politiker und Adliger. Er ist insbesondere auch deshalb bekannt, weil er John Locke protegierte, der sein persönlicher Sekretär war. (de) Lord Ashley (1621-1683) atau Anthony Ashley Cooper adalah politikus Inggris. Ia diangkat menjadi Pangeran Shaftesbury pertama pada tahun 1661. Lord Ashley adalah pendiri partai Whig, yang merupakan oposisi terhadap Raja Charles II. Namanya dikenal karena ia menjadi atasan John Locke. * l * b * s (in) 제1대 섀프츠베리 백작 앤서니 애슐리쿠퍼(영어: Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621년 7월 22일 - 1683년 1월 21일)는 찰스 2세 재임시에 뛰어난 영국의 정치가이다. 그는 휘그당의 창시자이다. 존 로크의 후원자였다. 그는 청교도 일부를 이끌고 비국교도와 상인들과 연계하여 요크 공작인 제임스의 왕위계승권을 배제하는 법안을 여러번 제출하였으나 실패하였다. 이런 일로 반역죄로 체포되었지만 무죄판결을 받았다. 그 이후 그와 그의 추종자들이 휘그당으로 불리게 되어 그 반대에 해당하는 토리당과 함께 영국 정치 역사에서 근대적인 양당 정치가 본격적으로 시작되었다. (ko) 初代シャフツベリ伯爵アントニー・アシュリー＝クーパー（Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, PC, 1621年7月22日 - 1683年1月21日）は、17世紀の共和政・護国卿政及びチャールズ2世治下のイングランドの政治家。 ジョン・ロックのパトロンでもあり、チャールズ2世のもと一時はcabalの一員として権力を握るも、強い反カトリックの姿勢を示したため次第にチャールズ2世との間に距離ができ、ついには武装蜂起を計画して亡命をよぎなくされた。 (ja) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, primo conte di Shaftesbury (22 luglio 1621 – 21 gennaio 1683), è stato un politico inglese.È conosciuto per essere stato il maggior protettore di John Locke. (it) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1. hrabia Shaftesbury, PC (ur. 22 lipca 1621 w Dorset, zm. 21 stycznia 1683 w Amsterdamie) – angielski arystokrata i polityk. Kanclerz skarbu królestwa Anglii w Ministerium Clarendona (1661–1667), pełnił to stanowisko również w ministerium (1667–1673), lord kanclerz Anglii w latach 1672–1673. Następnie Pierwszy Lord Handlu w oraz lord przewodniczący Rady w Ministerium Tajnej Rady w latach 1678–1679. (pl) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1:e earl av Shaftesbury, född 22 juli 1621 i Wimborne (Dorsetshire), död 21 januari 1683 i Amsterdam, var en engelsk statsman. Cooper grundade Whigpartiet, och förmådde John Locke att skriva en författning åt den amerikanska kolonin Carolina (numera North och South Carolina) som han hade fått i förläning. Han var farfar till Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3:e earl av Shaftesbury. (sv) 第一代沙夫茨伯里伯爵安東尼·阿什利-柯柏（英語：Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 1621年7月22日－1683年1月21日）英国克伦威尔及查理二世时期政治家、辉格党创始人，英国政治哲学家约翰·洛克的赞助人。英国内战期间先后参与保王党和议会军，后在国务会议任职，参与斯图亚特王朝复辟，期间反对第一代克拉伦登伯爵爱德华·海德，1672年获封沙夫茨伯里伯爵，后因叛国罪流亡海外。 (zh) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury PC FRS (22 July 1621 – 21 January 1683; known as Anthony Ashley Cooper from 1621 to 1630, as Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet from 1630 to 1661, and as The Lord Ashley from 1661 to 1672) was a prominent English politician during the Interregnum and the reign of King Charles II. A founder of the Whig party, he was also the patron of John Locke. (en) Anthony Ashley Cooper, I Conde de Shaftesbury (22 de julio de 1621 – 21 de enero de 1683), llamado Anthony Ashley Cooper entre 1621 a 1631, y Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet desde 1631 a 1661, y Lord Ashley desde 1661 a 1672, fue un prominente político de Inglaterra durante el interregno inglés y durante el reinado de Carlos II. Fundador del partido Whig, se lo recuerda como patrocinador de John Locke. (es) Anthony Ashley-Cooper PC (22 juillet 1621, Wimborne St Giles (Dorset)– 21 janvier 1683, Amsterdam), 1er comte de Shaftesbury, connu comme sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2e baronnet de 1631 à 1661, puis comme Lord Ashley de 1661 à 1672, tient un rôle politique important pendant le Commonwealth et la Restauration. Il est l'un des fondateurs du parti Whig (en anglais : Whig Party) et est connu pour avoir employé le philosophe John Locke. Soutenant le duc de Monmouth, il fut accusé de haute trahison et choisit de s'exiler aux Provinces-Unies en 1681. (fr) Anthony Ashley Cooper (22 juli 1621 – 21 januari 1683), 1e graaf van Shaftesbury, was een Engels politicus. Hij studeerde aan de prestigieuze Universiteit van Oxford. In 1640 werd hij lid van het Parlement, maar hij nam pas daadwerkelijk zitting in het Rompparlement in 1653. In de Engelse Burgeroorlog steunde hij aanvankelijk koning Karel I, maar in 1644 schaarde hij zich aan de zijde van het Parlement. In 1659 werkte hij mee aan de Restauratie. Na de val van werd hij lid van het , waarin hij zich sterk maakte tegen . Als fel anti-katholiek raakte hij in 1672 in conflict met Karel II wegens diens tolerantie op godsdienstig gebied. De Declaration of Indulgence van de koning leidde tot de Test Act van het parlement, die ambtenaren dwong zich te laten onderzoeken op katholieke sympathieën. (nl) Энтони Эшли-Купер (англ. Anthony Ashley Cooper, 22 июля 1621 — 21 января 1683) — известный английский политический деятель, 2-й баронет Рокборн (с 23 марта 1631), барон Эшли Уимборн Сен-Жильский (с 20 апреля 1661), барон Купер Поулеттский и 1-й граф Шефтсбери (с 23 апреля 1672). Член министерской группы «Кабаль». Энтони Эшли-Купер также руководил разработкой Генерального плана для провинции Каролина. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | أنتوني أشلي كوبر ، إيرل شافتسبري الأول (ar) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. hrabě ze Shaftesbury (cs) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1. Earl of Shaftesbury (de) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (en) Anthony Ashley Cooper, primer conde de Shaftesbury (es) Lord Ashley (in) Anthony Ashley-Cooper, I conte di Shaftesbury (it) Anthony Ashley-Cooper (1er comte de Shaftesbury) (fr) 제1대 섀프츠베리 백작 앤서니 애슐리쿠퍼 (ko) アントニー・アシュリー＝クーパー (初代シャフツベリ伯爵) (ja) Anthony Ashley Cooper (1621-1683) (nl) Anthony Ashley-Cooper (1. hrabia Shaftesbury) (pl) Эшли-Купер, Энтони, 1-й граф Шефтсбери (ru) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1:e earl av Shaftesbury (sv) 第一代沙夫茨伯里伯爵安東尼·阿什利-柯柏 (zh) |
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