Ku Klux Klan Act (original) (raw)

dbo:abstract

The Enforcement Act of 1871 (17 Stat. 13), also known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act, Third Ku Klux Klan Act, Civil Rights Act of 1871, or Force Act of 1871, is an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other terrorist organizations. The act was passed by the 42nd United States Congress and signed into law by United States President Ulysses S. Grant on April 20, 1871. The act was the last of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks upon the suffrage rights of African Americans. The statute has been subject to only minor changes since then, but has been the subject of voluminous interpretation by courts. This legislation was asked for by President Grant and passed within one month of when he sent the request to Congress. Grant's request was a result of the reports he was receiving of widespread racial threats in the Deep South, particularly in South Carolina. He felt that he needed to have his authority broadened before he could effectively intervene. After the act's passage, the president had the power for the first time to both suppress state disorders on his own initiative and to suspend the right of habeas corpus. Grant did not hesitate to use this authority on numerous occasions during his presidency, and as a result the KKK was completely dismantled (ending the "first Klan" era) and did not resurface in any meaningful way until the beginning of the 20th century. Several of the act's provisions still exist today as codified statutes. The most important of these is 42 U.S.C. § 1983: Civil action for deprivation of rights. It is the most widely used civil rights enforcement statute, allowing people to sue in civil court over civil rights violations. (en)
El acta de derechos civiles de 1871, es uno de los estatutos legales más importantes en vigencia en los Estados Unidos. Entró en vigor unos años después del final de la Guerra de Secesión, con el propósito de establecer un medio jurídico de proteger a las personas de raza negra de los estados del sur, quienes estaban siendo víctimas de abusos y excesos por organizaciones como el primer Ku Klux Klan. Desde su creación, el acta ha sido objeto de modificaciones menores, aunque las interpretaciones que se le han dado en los tribunales han sido muy diversas. El acta fue firmada por el presidente Ulysses S. Grant en 1871, bajo recomendación del político y legislador Benjamin Franklin Butler. El acta no otorga nuevos derechos civiles a los ciudadanos, sino que permite a los individuos demandar legalmente a quien viole sus derechos, ante tribunales federales. Los derechos civiles en cuestión, están ya incluidos en la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Debido a que uno de los grupos más notorios cuyas actividades se querían limitar, era el Ku Klux Klan, el acta se conoce informalmente como «El acta Ku Klux Klan». (es)
Il Civil Rights Act del 1871 è una legge federale degli Stati Uniti d'America in parte vigente ancora, promulgata durante la presidenza di Ulysses S. Grant. La parte più importante per cui tale legge è nota è quella volta a proteggere la minoranza afroamericana dal Ku Klux Klan fornendo i mezzi legali per difendersi in sede civile contro gli abusi subiti. Per questo motivo ci si riferisce al Civil Rights Act del 1871 anche come Ku Klux Klan Act o semplicemente Klan Act. Il nome formale e completo del provvedimento è invece An Act to enforce the Provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other Purposes. La legge fu promulgata subito dopo la Guerra civile americana insieme all' (1870). Sebbene nel corso degli anni la legge è stata cambiata solo in minima parte, essa è stata tuttavia soggetta a molte differenti e talvolta contrastanti interpretazioni da parte dei tribunali americani. (it)
三K黨條款（Third Enforcement Act）是美国国会授权美國总统可以暫停某些白人種族主義者的人身保護令以打击三K党和其他白人至上组织的法律。该法案由所批准，并于1871年4月20日由美国总统尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特签署後正式成为法律。該項法案由美國總統尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特所提出。格兰特提出这一法案的原因是，他曾收到一份报告，該報告表示在美國美國深南部，特别是在南卡罗来纳州，普遍存在着白人對黑人的种族威胁。他认为，他需要扩大自己的权力，才能有效地进行干预种族威胁。该法案通过后，美國总统第一次拥有了既可以主动镇压各州的骚乱，又可以暂停人身保护令的权力。格兰特在总统任内多次毫不犹豫地使用了暂停人身保护令这一权力，结果使得當時的三K党被彻底瓦解，三K党直到20世纪上半叶才重新出现。 (zh)

dbo:thumbnail

wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/BenFrankButler.jpg?width=300

dbo:wikiPageExternalLink

dbo:wikiPageID

1713578 (xsd:integer)

dbo:wikiPageLength

39098 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)

dbo:wikiPageRevisionID

1114453204 (xsd:integer)

dbo:wikiPageWikiLink

dbp:1a

Smith (en)
White (en)
Kistler (en)
LeRoy (en)
Primus (en)
Sobieski (en)
Macfarlane (en)

dbp:1p

123 (xsd:integer)
138 (xsd:integer)
152 (xsd:integer)
153 (xsd:integer)
190 (xsd:integer)
660 (xsd:integer)

dbp:1y

2004 (xsd:integer)
2017 (xsd:integer)
2018 (xsd:integer)
2020 (xsd:integer)

dbp:2a

Smith (en)
LeRoy (en)
Foner (en)
Joyner (en)
Sobieski (en)
Macfarlane (en)
Bitensky (en)

dbp:2loc

c. 9 (en)

dbp:2p

123 (xsd:integer)
139 (xsd:integer)
152 (xsd:integer)
153 (xsd:integer)
341 (xsd:integer)
436 (xsd:integer)
660 (xsd:integer)
661 (xsd:integer)

dbp:2pp

436 (xsd:integer)
428447 (xsd:integer)

dbp:2y

2001 (xsd:integer)
2003 (xsd:integer)
2004 (xsd:integer)
2014 (xsd:integer)
2017 (xsd:integer)
2018 (xsd:integer)

dbp:3a

Smith (en)
Sobieski (en)
Macfarlane (en)
Bitensky (en)

dbp:3p

139 (xsd:integer)
341 (xsd:integer)
660 (xsd:integer)

dbp:3pp

152 (xsd:integer)
341 (xsd:integer)

dbp:3y

2001 (xsd:integer)
2004 (xsd:integer)
2017 (xsd:integer)
2018 (xsd:integer)

dbp:4a

Joyner (en)
Sobieski (en)

dbp:4p

153 (xsd:integer)

dbp:4pp

428436 (xsd:integer)
428447 (xsd:integer)

dbp:4y

2003 (xsd:integer)
2017 (xsd:integer)

dbp:5a

Smith (en)
Bitensky (en)

dbp:5p

341 (xsd:integer)

dbp:5pp

130131 (xsd:integer)

dbp:5y

2001 (xsd:integer)
2004 (xsd:integer)

dbp:6a

Bitensky (en)

dbp:6p

341 (xsd:integer)

dbp:6y

2001 (xsd:integer)

dbp:align

right (en)

dbp:alt

A portrait of Butler (en)
A portrait of Shellabarger (en)

dbp:caption

Benjamin Franklin Butler drafted the initial version of the third Enforcement Bill. (en)
Samuel Shellbarger wrote the final version that passed and was signed into law. (en)

dbp:citePublicLaw

42 (xsd:integer)

dbp:citeStatutesAtLarge

ch. 22, (en)

dbp:committees

House Select Committee on the President's Message, Senate Judiciary (en)

dbp:conferencedate

1871-04-19 (xsd:date)

dbp:enactedBy

42 (xsd:integer)

dbp:fullname

An Act to enforce the Provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other Purposes (en)

dbp:image

BenFrankButler.jpg (en)
Samuel Shellabarger .png (en)

dbp:introducedby

Samuel Shellabarger (en)

dbp:introduceddate

1871-03-28 (xsd:date)

dbp:introducedin

House (en)

dbp:name

Enforcement Act of 1871 (en)

dbp:nickname

Civil Rights Act of 1871, Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act (en)

dbp:passedbody

House (en)
Senate (en)

dbp:passeddate

1871-04-07 (xsd:date)
1871-04-14 (xsd:date)
1871-04-19 (xsd:date)

dbp:passedvote

36 (xsd:integer)
45 (xsd:integer)
93 (xsd:integer)
118 (xsd:integer)

dbp:signeddate

1871-04-20 (xsd:date)

dbp:signedpresident

dbr:Ulysses_S._Grant

dbp:totalWidth

320 (xsd:integer)

dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate

dcterms:subject

rdfs:comment

三K黨條款（Third Enforcement Act）是美国国会授权美國总统可以暫停某些白人種族主義者的人身保護令以打击三K党和其他白人至上组织的法律。该法案由所批准，并于1871年4月20日由美国总统尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特签署後正式成为法律。該項法案由美國總統尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特所提出。格兰特提出这一法案的原因是，他曾收到一份报告，該報告表示在美國美國深南部，特别是在南卡罗来纳州，普遍存在着白人對黑人的种族威胁。他认为，他需要扩大自己的权力，才能有效地进行干预种族威胁。该法案通过后，美國总统第一次拥有了既可以主动镇压各州的骚乱，又可以暂停人身保护令的权力。格兰特在总统任内多次毫不犹豫地使用了暂停人身保护令这一权力，结果使得當時的三K党被彻底瓦解，三K党直到20世纪上半叶才重新出现。 (zh)
The Enforcement Act of 1871 (17 Stat. 13), also known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act, Third Ku Klux Klan Act, Civil Rights Act of 1871, or Force Act of 1871, is an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other terrorist organizations. The act was passed by the 42nd United States Congress and signed into law by United States President Ulysses S. Grant on April 20, 1871. The act was the last of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks upon the suffrage rights of African Americans. The statute has been subject to only minor changes since then, but has been the subject of voluminous interpretation (en)
El acta de derechos civiles de 1871, es uno de los estatutos legales más importantes en vigencia en los Estados Unidos. Entró en vigor unos años después del final de la Guerra de Secesión, con el propósito de establecer un medio jurídico de proteger a las personas de raza negra de los estados del sur, quienes estaban siendo víctimas de abusos y excesos por organizaciones como el primer Ku Klux Klan. Desde su creación, el acta ha sido objeto de modificaciones menores, aunque las interpretaciones que se le han dado en los tribunales han sido muy diversas. El acta fue firmada por el presidente Ulysses S. Grant en 1871, bajo recomendación del político y legislador Benjamin Franklin Butler. El acta no otorga nuevos derechos civiles a los ciudadanos, sino que permite a los individuos demandar le (es)
Il Civil Rights Act del 1871 è una legge federale degli Stati Uniti d'America in parte vigente ancora, promulgata durante la presidenza di Ulysses S. Grant. La parte più importante per cui tale legge è nota è quella volta a proteggere la minoranza afroamericana dal Ku Klux Klan fornendo i mezzi legali per difendersi in sede civile contro gli abusi subiti. Per questo motivo ci si riferisce al Civil Rights Act del 1871 anche come Ku Klux Klan Act o semplicemente Klan Act. Il nome formale e completo del provvedimento è invece An Act to enforce the Provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other Purposes. La legge fu promulgata subito dopo la Guerra civile americana insieme all' (1870). Sebbene nel corso degli anni la legge è stata cambiata solo i (it)

rdfs:label

Ley de derechos civiles de Estados Unidos de 1871 (es)
Civil Rights Act (1871) (it)
Ku Klux Klan Act (en)
三K黨條款 (zh)

owl:sameAs

prov:wasDerivedFrom

wikipedia-en:Ku_Klux_Klan_Act?oldid=1114453204&ns=0

foaf:depiction

foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf

wikipedia-en:Ku_Klux_Klan_Act

is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of

is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of

is dbp:lawsapplied of

dbr:Thompson_v._Clark

is foaf:primaryTopic of

wikipedia-en:Ku_Klux_Klan_Act