Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (original) (raw)
Die Mississippi-Bürgerrechtsaktivisten-Morde ereigneten sich am 21. Juni 1964 in Neshoba County, Mississippi, als Mitglieder des Ku-Klux-Klans unter Mithilfe konspirierender Polizeibeamter drei Mitglieder einer US-Bürgerrechtsbewegung in einen Hinterhalt lockten und ermordeten. Sie töteten den Afroamerikaner James Earl Chaney (21) sowie Andrew Goodman (20) und Michael Schwerner (24), beide New Yorker jüdischen Glaubens. Die Ermordeten verfolgten das Ziel, schwarze Amerikaner, die unter den rassistischen Jim-Crow-Gesetzen in den Südstaaten litten, über ihre Wahl- und Bürgerrechte aufzuklären.
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| dbo:abstract | جرائم قتل شاني وغودمان وشويرنر (بالإنجليزية: Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Scgwerner)، تعرف أيضا باسم جريمة قتل مشروع صيف الحرية، أو جرائم قتل العاملين في مجال الحقوق المدنية في مسيسيبي أو جرائم القتل الحارقة، تتضمن على خطف وقتل ثلاثة ناشطين في مقاطعة نيشوبا، مسيسيبي في يونيو 1964 أثناء فترة قيام حركة الحقوق المدنية. الضحايا هم جيمس شاني من مدينة ميريديان، مسيسيبي، وآندرو غودمان ومايكل شويرنر من مدينة نيو يورك. كان الثلاثة مرتبطين بمجلس المنظمات الموحدة (كوفو) فضلًا عن منظمة الأعضاء التابعة له، مجلس المساواة العرقية (كور). بدأوا بالعمل مع مشروع صيف الحرية من خلال محاولة تهدف إلى تسجيل الأمريكيين الأفارقة للتصويت في مسيسيبي. كانت محاولة التسجيل هذه جزءاً من الطعن على مدى سبعين عامًا في القوانين والممارسات الداعمة لسياسة منهجية، وضعتها عدة ولايات عام 1890، لحرمان الناخبين السود المحتملين من التصويت. سافر الرجال الثلاثة من ميريديان إلى مجتمع لونغديل للتحدث مع أعضاء طائفة في كنيسة محروقة خاصة بالسود. بعد ذلك ألقي القبض على الثلاثي بعد توقفٍ مروريٍ خارج فيلادلفيا، مسيسيبي، بتهمة تجاوز السرعة المحددة، حيث اقتِيدوا إلى السجن المحلي، واحتُجزوا لعدة ساعات. عندما غادر الثلاثة المدينة بسيارتهم، تبعتهم قوات الشرطة وآخرون. وقبل مغادرة مقاطعة نيشوبا، تم إيقاف السيارة واختُطف ثلاثتهم، أخذوا إلى مكان آخر، وأطلق عليهم النار من مسافة قريبة. نُقلت جثثهم بعدئذٍ إلى سدٍ ترابيٍ حيث دُفنوا. تم التحقيق مبدئيًا في قضية اختفاء الرجال الثلاثة على اعتبارها قضية أشخاص مفقودين. عُثر على سيارة العاملين في مجال الحقوق المدنية محروقة بالكامل بالقرب من مستنقع بعد مضي ثلاثة أيام على اختفائهم. شارك مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي (أف بي آي)، والسلطات المحلية وسلطات الولاية، وأربع مائة بحار من البحرية الأمريكية في إجراء بحث واسع للمنطقة. عُثر على جثث الرجال الثلاثة بعد مرور شهرين كاملين بفضل معلوماتٍ سرية. اتضح أثناء التحقيق ضلوع أعضاء الفرسان البيض المحليين المنشقين عن منظمات كو كلوكس كلان، شريف مقاطعة نيشوبا وإدارة شرطة فيلادلفيا في الحادث. أثار مقتل الناشطين غضبًا وطنيًا وتحقيقًا فيدراليًا واسع النطاق، تم إجراءه تحت اسم «مسيسيبي تحترق» (MIBURN)، الاسم الذي استُخدم لاحقًا كعنوان لفيلم مستوحى بشكل عام من هذه الأحداث تم إصداره عام 1988. وفي عام 1967، بعد أن رفضت حكومة الولاية إقامة دعوى، اتهمت الحكومة الفيدرالية الأمريكية ثمانية عشر شخصًا بتهم انتهاك الحقوق المدنية. أدين سبعة منهم وحكم عليهم بعقوبات بسيطةً نسبيًا جراء أفعالهم. ساعد الغضب الناجم عن اختفاء الناشطين في إقرار جزء من قانون الحقوق المدنية لعام 1964. بعد انقضاء واحد وأربعين عامًا على وقوع الجرائم، اتهمت ولاية مسيسيبي أحد الجناة، إدغار راي كيلن، بضلوعه فيها. إذ أُدين عام 2005 بثلاث جرائم قتل غير متعمد وحُكم عليه بالسجل لمدة 60 عامًا. في 20 يونيو، 2016، أعلنت السلطات الحكومية والفيدرالية عن إغلاق الجلسة رسميًا مع استبعاد إمكانية مواصلة المقاضاة. توفي كيلن في السجن في يناير 2018. (ar) Vraždy v Mississippi v červnu 1964 je označení pro události související s únosem a vraždou tří aktivistů z hnutí za občanská práva. K vraždám došlo v Neshoba County, ve státě Mississippi v červnu 1964. Oběťmi byli a z New Yorku a z Meridianu v Mississippi. Všichni tři byli členy organizací (COFO, Rada federálních organizací) a (CORE, Kongres rasové rovnosti). Během června se oběti podíleli na kampani Freedom Summer (Léto svobody), která měla za cíl registrovat afroamerické obyvatele Mississippi do voličských seznamů. Goodman, Schwerner a Chaney cestovali z města Meridian do Longdaleu, aby si promluvili s členy černošského metodistického sboru o žhářském útoku na jejich kostel. 21. června 1964 byli zadrženi lokální policií u města Philadelphia (stát Mississippi) za překročení povolené rychlosti. Byli zadrženi a vzati do vazby. V noci byli propuštěni. Po opuštění města byli vytlačeni ze silnice třemi vozy, uneseni, převezeni na jiné místo a popraveni. Jejich těla útočníci převezli a pohřbili v nedaleké hliněné přehradě. Vyšetřování bylo nejdříve vedeno jako pohřešování tří osob. Po třech dnech po jejich zmizení bylo nalezeno vyhořelé auto obětí v místní bažině. Případu se chopil Federální úřad pro vyšetřování (FBI), který nařídil masivní prohledávací akci okolí. Do pátrací akce bylo následně zapojeno také 400 vojáků námořnictva a místní a státní policisté. Těla obětí však byla nalezena až téměř po dvou měsících díky tipu. Během vyšetřování se ukázalo, že do vražd byli zapojení členové lokálních Bílých rytířů, nejnásilnější organizace v rámci Ku Klux Klanu, dále oblastní kancelář šerifa a policisté z města Philadelphia (stát Mississippi). Vražda aktivistů vyvolala celonárodní pobouření a rozsáhlé vyšetřování pod dohledem médií. Vyšetřování FBI bylo vedeno pod názvem Mississippi Burning (MIBURN, Mississippi hoří). Poté, co státní soudy Mississippi odmítli podezřelé osoby stíhat z vraždy, byl v roce 1967 veden federální případ s 18 podezřelými z porušení občanských práv. Sedm podezřelých bylo odsouzeno k trestům od 3 do 10 let odnětí svobody. Avšak nejvíce strávili ve vězení šest let, než byli předčasně propuštěni. Pobouření veřejnosti z celého případu pomohlo prosadit zákon , který zakazoval diskriminaci při výkonu volebního práva. V roce 2005, po 41 letech od vražd, byl případ znovu otevřen a jeden z pachatelů, , člen Ku Klux Klanu a kazatel, byl státem Mississippi odsouzen za tři vraždy k 60 letům ve vězení. Killen zemřel ve vězení v roce 2018 ve věku 92 let. V červnu 2016 byl případ oficiálně uzavřen. O soudním procesu s Killenem byl v roce 2010 natočen dokumentární film s názvem . Případ se stal základem příběhu filmu Mississippi hoří z roku 1988, který natočil Alan Parker. (cs) Die Mississippi-Bürgerrechtsaktivisten-Morde ereigneten sich am 21. Juni 1964 in Neshoba County, Mississippi, als Mitglieder des Ku-Klux-Klans unter Mithilfe konspirierender Polizeibeamter drei Mitglieder einer US-Bürgerrechtsbewegung in einen Hinterhalt lockten und ermordeten. Sie töteten den Afroamerikaner James Earl Chaney (21) sowie Andrew Goodman (20) und Michael Schwerner (24), beide New Yorker jüdischen Glaubens. Die Ermordeten verfolgten das Ziel, schwarze Amerikaner, die unter den rassistischen Jim-Crow-Gesetzen in den Südstaaten litten, über ihre Wahl- und Bürgerrechte aufzuklären. (de) El asesinato de activistas pro derechos civiles de Misisipi por miembros del Ku Klux Klan tuvo lugar en la noche del 21 al 22 de junio de 1964. Fueron tres los activistas pro derechos civiles golpeados brutalmente y asesinados: James Chaney, y . Tras una ardua investigación y una gran repercusión en los medios de comunicación, los cadáveres fueron hallados cerca de dos meses después. Estos hechos se produjeron en el contexto de la lucha por la integración racial. El asesinato de los tres activistas conmocionó al país a nivel nacional y fue el detonante de la Ley por los Derechos Civiles de 1964 y los Derechos al Voto de 1965. La población afroamericana, al igual que durante el Gobierno Confederado vivía bajo la segregación racial y las leyes de Jim Crow. El FBI se refirió al caso como el Caso de "Mississippi en Llamas" o "Arde Mississippi" (Mississippi Burning). Debido a la sofisticada conspiración de los involucrados, este caso fue considerado como uno de los mejores trabajos de investigación del FBI. Estos hechos inspiraron la película Arde Mississippi (1988). (es) The murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, also known as the Freedom Summer murders, the Mississippi civil rights workers' murders, or the Mississippi Burning murders, refers to events in which three activists were abducted and murdered in the city of Philadelphia, Mississippi, in June 1964 during the Civil Rights Movement. The victims were James Chaney from Meridian, Mississippi, and Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner from New York City. All three were associated with the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) and its member organization, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). They had been working with the Freedom Summer campaign by attempting to register African Americans in Mississippi to vote. Since 1890 and through the turn of the century, southern states had systematically disenfranchised most black voters by discrimination in voter registration and voting. The three men had traveled from Meridian to the community of Longdale to talk with congregation members at a black church that had been burned; the church had been a center of community organization. The trio was arrested following a traffic stop for speeding outside Philadelphia, Mississippi, escorted to the local jail, and held for a number of hours. As the three left town in their car, they were followed by law enforcement and others. Before leaving Neshoba County, their car was pulled over. The three were abducted, driven to another location, and shot to death at close range. The bodies of the three men were taken to an earthen dam where they were buried. The disappearance of the three men was initially investigated as a missing persons case. The civil rights workers' burnt-out car was found near a swamp three days after their disappearance. An extensive search of the area was conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), local and state authorities, and four hundred United States Navy sailors. Their bodies were not discovered until two months later, when the team received a tip. During the investigation it emerged that members of the local White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, the Neshoba County Sheriff's Office, and the Philadelphia Police Department were involved in the incident. The murder of the activists sparked national outrage and an extensive federal investigation, filed as Mississippi Burning (MIBURN), which later became the title of a 1988 film loosely based on the events. In 1967, after the state government refused to prosecute, the United States federal government charged eighteen individuals with civil rights violations. Seven were convicted and received relatively minor sentences for their actions. Outrage over the activists' disappearances helped gain passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.The trio were shot and murdered by the Ku Klux Klan because Chaney was African-American and Goodman and Schwerner were both Jewish.Forty-one years after the murders took place, one perpetrator, Edgar Ray Killen, was charged by the state of Mississippi for his part in the crimes. In 2005 he was convicted of three counts of manslaughter and was given a 60-year sentence. On June 20, 2016, federal and state authorities officially closed the case, ending the possibility of further prosecution. Killen died in prison in January 2018. (en) Les meurtres du Freedom Summer (« meurtres de l'été de la liberté ») désignent les assassinats de trois militants pour les droits civiques (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman et Michael Schwerner) du 21 au 22 juin 1964 près de Philadelphia dans le Mississippi par des membres du Ku Klux Klan et des policiers du bureau du shérif du comté de Neshoba. Les trois victimes travaillaient pour la campagne appelée Freedom Summer organisée par le Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) afin d'inciter les Afro-Américains à s'inscrire sur les listes électorales. (fr) L'assassinio degli attivisti per i diritti civili del Mississippi fu l'evento accaduto nella notte tra il 21 ed il 22 giugno 1964, quando tre attivisti del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani (African-American Civil Rights Movement), James Earl Chaney, Andrew Goodman e Michael Schwerner, vennero uccisi a colpi di pistola da un gruppo di membri dei "cavalieri bianchi" del Ku Klux Klan, con la complicità dello sceriffo della contea. Il fatto avvenne nella contea di Neshoba, in Mississippi, dove i tre giovani, nel quadro della campagna , si erano recati allo scopo di convincere i membri della comunità afroamericana ad iscriversi ai registri elettorali. L'evento suscitò enorme indignazione negli Stati Uniti e condusse ad un'inchiesta da parte dell'FBI, che prese il nome di Mississippi Burning (MIBURN), ed i corpi dei tre giovani furono ritrovati 44 giorni dopo la sparizione, sepolti in un terrapieno nei pressi del luogo dell'omicidio. Il Governo dello Stato rifiutò di proseguire l'inchiesta, ma il Governo federale riuscì ad incriminare 18 persone, ottenendo tuttavia solo la condanna di 7 di esse per reati minori. La morte dei tre giovani attivisti contribuì nel 1964 all'approvazione del Civil Rights Act e del Voting Rights Act l'anno successivo. (it) В ночь на 21—22 июня 1964 года в округе Нишоба штата Миссисипи трое борцов за гражданские права чернокожих были похищены и убиты. Это событие с тех пор также называется убийства лета свободы (англ. Freedom Summer Murders). (ru) |
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| dbp:caption | 0001-08-04 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:date | 1964-06-21 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:location | Neshoba County, Mississippi, U.S. (en) |
| dbp:partof | the Civil Rights Movement (en) |
| dbp:title | Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (en) |
| dbp:type | Shooting (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Political_violence_in_the_United_States dbc:Ku_Klux_Klan_crimes_in_Mississippi dbc:Civil_rights_movement dbc:Police_brutality_in_the_United_States dbc:Murder_in_Mississippi dbc:Racially_motivated_violence_in_the_United_States dbc:Neshoba_County,_Mississippi dbc:June_1964_events_in_the_United_States dbc:Trios dbc:Lynching_deaths_in_Mississippi dbc:Deaths_by_firearm_in_Mississippi dbc:Jewish-American_lynching_victims dbc:1964_murders_in_the_United_States dbc:1964_in_Mississippi dbc:Terrorist_incidents_in_the_United_States_in_1964 |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Mississippi-Bürgerrechtsaktivisten-Morde ereigneten sich am 21. Juni 1964 in Neshoba County, Mississippi, als Mitglieder des Ku-Klux-Klans unter Mithilfe konspirierender Polizeibeamter drei Mitglieder einer US-Bürgerrechtsbewegung in einen Hinterhalt lockten und ermordeten. Sie töteten den Afroamerikaner James Earl Chaney (21) sowie Andrew Goodman (20) und Michael Schwerner (24), beide New Yorker jüdischen Glaubens. Die Ermordeten verfolgten das Ziel, schwarze Amerikaner, die unter den rassistischen Jim-Crow-Gesetzen in den Südstaaten litten, über ihre Wahl- und Bürgerrechte aufzuklären. (de) Les meurtres du Freedom Summer (« meurtres de l'été de la liberté ») désignent les assassinats de trois militants pour les droits civiques (James Chaney, Andrew Goodman et Michael Schwerner) du 21 au 22 juin 1964 près de Philadelphia dans le Mississippi par des membres du Ku Klux Klan et des policiers du bureau du shérif du comté de Neshoba. Les trois victimes travaillaient pour la campagne appelée Freedom Summer organisée par le Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) afin d'inciter les Afro-Américains à s'inscrire sur les listes électorales. (fr) В ночь на 21—22 июня 1964 года в округе Нишоба штата Миссисипи трое борцов за гражданские права чернокожих были похищены и убиты. Это событие с тех пор также называется убийства лета свободы (англ. Freedom Summer Murders). (ru) جرائم قتل شاني وغودمان وشويرنر (بالإنجليزية: Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Scgwerner)، تعرف أيضا باسم جريمة قتل مشروع صيف الحرية، أو جرائم قتل العاملين في مجال الحقوق المدنية في مسيسيبي أو جرائم القتل الحارقة، تتضمن على خطف وقتل ثلاثة ناشطين في مقاطعة نيشوبا، مسيسيبي في يونيو 1964 أثناء فترة قيام حركة الحقوق المدنية. الضحايا هم جيمس شاني من مدينة ميريديان، مسيسيبي، وآندرو غودمان ومايكل شويرنر من مدينة نيو يورك. كان الثلاثة مرتبطين بمجلس المنظمات الموحدة (كوفو) فضلًا عن منظمة الأعضاء التابعة له، مجلس المساواة العرقية (كور). بدأوا بالعمل مع مشروع صيف الحرية من خلال محاولة تهدف إلى تسجيل الأمريكيين الأفارقة للتصويت في مسيسيبي. كانت محاولة التسجيل هذه جزءاً من الطعن على مدى سبعين عامًا في القوانين والممارسات الداعمة لسياسة منهجية، وضعتها عدة ولايات عام 1890، لحرمان الناخبين السود المحتملين (ar) Vraždy v Mississippi v červnu 1964 je označení pro události související s únosem a vraždou tří aktivistů z hnutí za občanská práva. K vraždám došlo v Neshoba County, ve státě Mississippi v červnu 1964. Oběťmi byli a z New Yorku a z Meridianu v Mississippi. Všichni tři byli členy organizací (COFO, Rada federálních organizací) a (CORE, Kongres rasové rovnosti). Během června se oběti podíleli na kampani Freedom Summer (Léto svobody), která měla za cíl registrovat afroamerické obyvatele Mississippi do voličských seznamů. (cs) El asesinato de activistas pro derechos civiles de Misisipi por miembros del Ku Klux Klan tuvo lugar en la noche del 21 al 22 de junio de 1964. Fueron tres los activistas pro derechos civiles golpeados brutalmente y asesinados: James Chaney, y . Tras una ardua investigación y una gran repercusión en los medios de comunicación, los cadáveres fueron hallados cerca de dos meses después. Estos hechos se produjeron en el contexto de la lucha por la integración racial. (es) The murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, also known as the Freedom Summer murders, the Mississippi civil rights workers' murders, or the Mississippi Burning murders, refers to events in which three activists were abducted and murdered in the city of Philadelphia, Mississippi, in June 1964 during the Civil Rights Movement. The victims were James Chaney from Meridian, Mississippi, and Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner from New York City. All three were associated with the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) and its member organization, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). They had been working with the Freedom Summer campaign by attempting to register African Americans in Mississippi to vote. Since 1890 and through the turn of the century, southern states had systematically (en) L'assassinio degli attivisti per i diritti civili del Mississippi fu l'evento accaduto nella notte tra il 21 ed il 22 giugno 1964, quando tre attivisti del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani (African-American Civil Rights Movement), James Earl Chaney, Andrew Goodman e Michael Schwerner, vennero uccisi a colpi di pistola da un gruppo di membri dei "cavalieri bianchi" del Ku Klux Klan, con la complicità dello sceriffo della contea. Il fatto avvenne nella contea di Neshoba, in Mississippi, dove i tre giovani, nel quadro della campagna , si erano recati allo scopo di convincere i membri della comunità afroamericana ad iscriversi ai registri elettorali. (it) |
| rdfs:label | جرائم قتل شاني وغودمان وشويرنر (ar) Vraždy v Mississippi v červnu 1964 (cs) Mississippi-Bürgerrechtsaktivisten-Morde (de) Asesinatos de activistas pro derechos civiles de Misisipi (es) Meurtres de la Freedom Summer (fr) Assassinio degli attivisti per i diritti civili del Mississippi (it) Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (en) Убийства борцов за гражданские права в Миссисипи (ru) |
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