A. J. Ayer (original) (raw)
ألفرد جول آير (بالإنجليزية: Alfred Jules Ayer) هو فيسلوف بريطاني ولد في 29 أكتوبر 1910وتوفي في 27 يونيو 1989 تمحورت أفكاره حول نقد الميتافيزيقيا بمختلف فروعها كاللاهوت والجمال والأخلاق. حيث رأى أن الميتافيزيقيا لا يمكن التأكد من حقيقتها من خلال التجربة. كما أنكر بديهية الأحكام المتعلقة بالماضي، وذهب إلى أنها ليست كبداهة الحاضر، لأننا لا نتمكن من الرجوع إلى الوراء للتيقن من صحة ما وقع في الماضي، والنتيجة أننا لا يمكننا أن نثبت ذلك بطريقة علمية. إلا أنه أظهر بعض التراجع عن هذه النظرية في بعض التعديلات التي أجراها على كتبه فيما بعد.
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| dbo:abstract | ألفرد جول آير (بالإنجليزية: Alfred Jules Ayer) هو فيسلوف بريطاني ولد في 29 أكتوبر 1910وتوفي في 27 يونيو 1989 تمحورت أفكاره حول نقد الميتافيزيقيا بمختلف فروعها كاللاهوت والجمال والأخلاق. حيث رأى أن الميتافيزيقيا لا يمكن التأكد من حقيقتها من خلال التجربة. كما أنكر بديهية الأحكام المتعلقة بالماضي، وذهب إلى أنها ليست كبداهة الحاضر، لأننا لا نتمكن من الرجوع إلى الوراء للتيقن من صحة ما وقع في الماضي، والنتيجة أننا لا يمكننا أن نثبت ذلك بطريقة علمية. إلا أنه أظهر بعض التراجع عن هذه النظرية في بعض التعديلات التي أجراها على كتبه فيما بعد. (ar) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (29. října 1910, Londýn, Anglie, Velká Británie – 27. června 1989, Londýn) byl anglický analytický filozof, známý především jako propagátor myšlenek logického pozitivismu v anglicky mluvících zemích. Byl dlouholetým profesorem filozofie na University College v Londýně a na Oxfordu. (cs) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, Regne Unit, 29 d'octubre de 1910 - 27 de juny de 1989) fou un filòsof i professor britànic, pare del positivisme lògic. Divulgador al Regne Unit de l'obra i de la filosofia del Cercle de Viena. La seva obra principal va ser “Llenguatge, Veritat i Lògica” editada el 1936. Com a profossor universitari va treballar a la University College de Londres i a la Universitat d'Oxford. (ca) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (* 29. Oktober 1910 in , London; † 27. Juni 1989 in London) war ein britischer Philosoph. Er trug wesentlich zur Popularisierung des Logischen Empirismus in englischsprachigen Ländern vor allem durch seine Hauptschriften Language, Truth and Logic (1936; Sprache, Wahrheit und Logik) und The Problem of Knowledge (1956; Das Problem der Erkenntnis) bei. (de) O Σερ Αλφρεντ Τζουλς Φρέντι Άυερ (Alfred Jules Freddie Ayer, , ; 29 Οκτωβρίου 1910 – 27 Ιουνίου 1989) ήταν Βρετανός φιλόσοφος, γνωστός για την προώθηση του λογικού θετικισμού, ιδίως με τα βιβλία του (1936) και The Problem of Knowledge (1956). Εκπαιδεύτηκε στο Κολλέγιο Ήτον και το πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης, και αργότερα σπούδασε λογικό θετικισμό στο Πανεπιστήμιο της Βιέννης. Από το 1933 εως το 1940 δίδαξε φιλοσοφία στην χριστιανική εκκλησία της Οξφόρδης. Κατά τον Β Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο εργάστηκε ως πράκτορας της MI6. Ο Άυερ ήταν καθηγητής φιλοσοφίας στο πανεπιστήμιο του Λονδίνου από το 1946 έως το 1959, όταν επέστρεψε ως καθηγητής στην Οξφόρδη για να διδάξει Λογική.Ηταν γνωστός για την προώθηση του ανθρωπισμού και ήταν ο πρώτος εκτελεστικός διευθυντής του British Humanist Association (τώρα γνωστού ως Humanists UK). Στα τελευταία χρόνια της ζωής του ο Άυερ δήλωσε πολλές φορές εμφατικά ότι δεν πιστεύει στον Θεό και αποκαλούσε τον εαυτό του άθεο. (el) Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer FBA (/ɛər/; 29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was an English philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956). He was educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford, after which he studied the philosophy of logical positivism at the University of Vienna. From 1933 to 1940 he lectured on philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford. During the Second World War Ayer was a Special Operations Executive and MI6 agent. He was Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic at University College London from 1946 until 1959, after which he returned to Oxford to become Wykeham Professor of Logic at New College. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1951 to 1952 and knighted in 1970. He was known for his advocacy of humanism, and was the second President of the British Humanist Association (now known as Humanists UK). Professor A. J. Ayer was President of the Homosexual Law Reform Society for a time; he remarked that "as a notorious heterosexual I could never be accused of feathering my own nest." (en) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, 29 de octubre de 1910 - Londres, 27 de junio de 1989) fue un pedagogo y filósofo británico, promotor del positivismo lógico y divulgador en Inglaterra de la obra y de la filosofía del Círculo de Viena. Ayer considera que la filosofía oxoniense del «lenguaje corriente» no es, ni es deseable que sea, una pura «filosofía lingüística», sino un análisis del lenguaje en tanto que describe hechos. De no ser tal, la filosofía lingüística se convertiría en un fin en sí misma o. mejor, en un medio que pretendería pasar por fin. Pues la filosofía se debe interesar en las «fotografías» y no solo en «el mecanismo de la cámara fotográfica». Por otro lado, la filosofía no debe ni tratar solo de hechos, ni solo de teorías, sino de los «rasgos arquitectónicos de nuestro sistema conceptual» en tanto que este sistema pretende describir o explicar hechos. Lo cual marca, como Ayer reconoce, un cierto «retorno a Kant», bien que a un Kant sin ninguna “antropología a priori” Entre otras de sus obras se encuentran Pensamiento y significación (1947), Los fundamentos del conocimiento empírico (1950), El problema del conocimiento (1956), Filosofía y lenguaje (1961), Hume (1980), La filosofía del siglo XX (1982). (es) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, Ingalaterra, 1910eko urriaren 29a - 1989ko ekainaren 27a) britainiar filosofoa izan zen. (eu) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer usuellement appelé A. J. Ayer (St John's Wood, Londres 29 octobre 1910 - 27 juin 1989) est un philosophe, logicien et éthicien britannique. Il est l'auteur du livre (en), paru en 1936, et a enseigné à l'Université de Londres et a l'Université d'Oxford. (fr) Alfred Jules Ayer adalah seorang filsuf Inggris yang terkenal karena pemikirannya tentang positivisme logis. Alfred Jules Ayer lahir pada tanggal 29 Oktober 1910 di London dan meninggal pada tanggal 27 Juni 1989 di London. Ayer adalah seorang Profesor Filsafat Pikiran dan Logika di Universitas London dari tahun 1946 hingga 1959. Dia juga pernah menjabat sebagai presiden Masyarakat pada tahun 1951-1952. Ia dididik di , dan kemudian memenangkan beasiswa dari Gereja Kristus di Oxford. Ayer juga merupakan seorang tokoh sosial yang terkenal di zamannya. Salah satu karya penting dari Ayer adalah pada tahun 1988, tak lama sebelum kematiannya. Pada saat itu, Ayer menulis sebuah artikel yang berjudul, Apa yang saya lihat ketika aku sudah mati. Artikel ini menggambarkan pengalaman menjelang kematian yang tidak biasa. Dari pengalaman ini, Ayer pertama berkata bahwa keyakinannya sedikit melemah ketika akan menghadapi kematian yang asli dalam hidupnya. Ia juga merasa bahwa kematian akan menjadi akhir dari hidup saya. (in) Alfred Jules Ayer, meglio conosciuto come A. J. Ayer (Londra, 29 ottobre 1910 – Londra, 27 giugno 1989), è stato un filosofo britannico, conosciuto per la sua promozione del positivismo logico, operata soprattutto nei suoi libri Language, Truth and Logic (1936) e The Problem of Knowledge (1956). Ayer fu professore di filosofia della mente e logica (Philosophy of Mind and Logic) all'University College London dal 1946 al 1959, quando divenne professore di Logica all'Università di Oxford. Fu nominato cavaliere nel 1970. (it) 앨프리드 줄스 에이어 경(Sir Alfred Jules Ayer, 1910년 10월 29일 ~ 1989년 6월 27일)은 영국의 철학자로, 논리실증주의의 대표적 철학자 중 하나이다. 1946년 런던 대학교 교수, 1959년부터 옥스퍼드 대학교 교수를 역임하였다. 초기 논리실증주의자의 대부분은 명제의 의미성을 확인할 때 그 명제의 각 부분이 감각적 경험에 의해 완전하게 검증될 가능성을 요구하였으나, 에이어는 조건을 완화하여 언제나 가설에 지나지 않는 경험과학의 명제는 부분적 검증이 가능하면 유의미, 그것조차 불가능하면 형이상학적 명제라고 하였다. 그리고 윤리적 명제는 주관적 정서의 표현에 지나지 않는다는 이유로 규범학(規範學)으로서의 윤리학의 성립은 불가능하다고 주장하였다. (ko) サー・アルフレッド・ジュールズ・エイヤー（Sir Alfred Jules Ayer、姓はエアとも、1910年10月29日 - 1989年6月27日）は、イギリスの哲学者で、論理実証主義の代表者、イギリスへの紹介者として知られている。一般には、A.J.Ayerという呼称が使われる。親しい友人たちからは、「フレディ」（Freddie）と呼ばれる。著書では『言語・真理・論理』（1936年）と『知識の問題』（1956年）が特に著名。 (ja) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londen, 29 oktober 1910 - Londen, 27 juni 1989), beter bekend als simpelweg A.J. Ayer (en Freddie genoemd door vrienden), was een filosoof die hielp het logisch positivisme te populariseren in Engelstalige landen door middel van zijn boeken Taal, waarheid en logica (1936) en Het probleem van kennis (1956). Ayer woonde in Eton en studeerde de 'Greats' (de Klassieken) aan de Universiteit van Oxford. Daarna verbleef hij een jaar te Wenen, waar hij zich met name in de filosofie van de Wiener Kreis verdiepte. Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog diende hij in het Britse leger en de MI6. In menig opzicht was hij de filosofische opvolger van Bertrand Russell, hoewel hij meer bekendheid bereikte door het aanpassen van ideeën van anderen dan door ware originaliteit. Hij is misschien het bekendst om zijn , een poging tot het creëren van een proces om te bepalen of een zin een logische betekenis heeft. Kort voor zijn dood in 1989 ontving hij publiciteit na het hebben van een ongebruikelijke bijna-doodervaring. (nl) Сэр Алфред Джулс А́йер (англ. Alfred Jules Ayer; 29 октября 1910 года, Лондон — 27 июня 1989 года, там же) — английский философ-неопозитивист, представитель аналитической философии — по некоторой оценке, — один из ведущих философов середины XX века. (ru) Alfred Jules Ayer (ur. 29 października 1910 w Londynie, zm. 27 czerwca 1989 tamże) – brytyjski filozof analityczny i lewicowy intelektualista. Bywa określany jako empirysta dawnego stylu. Jeden z ważnych przedstawicieli angielskiej szkoły analitycznej. (pl) Sir Alfred Jules (A.J.) Ayer, född 29 oktober 1910 i London, död 27 juni 1989 i London, var en brittisk filosof som gjort sig känd för böckerna "Language, Truth, and Logic" och "The Problem of Knowledge". Han ansågs vara den logiska positivismens främste representant i Storbritannien och hans huvudintressen låg således i språk, epistemologi och vetenskapsteori. (sv) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, 29 de outubro de 1910 – Londres, 27 de junho de 1989) foi um educador e filósofo britânico, proponente do positivismo lógico. Filho de pai suíço e mãe belga, Ayer estudou no Reino Unido, em Eton e Oxford. Foi professor na Universidade de Londres entre 1946 e 1959, onde teve a cátedra de Filosofia da Mente e Lógica. (pt) 阿尔弗雷德·朱尔斯·艾耶爾爵士（英語：Sir. Alfred Jules Ayer，/ɛər/；1910年10月29日－1989年6月27日），英國哲學家，因1936年出版《語言、真理與邏輯》而聞名於世。此书中他提出了逻辑实证主义的一个主要论点，从而成为了逻辑实证主义在英文世界的代言人。在1946年至1959年，他曾是倫敦大學學院的精神邏輯哲學的教授，同時也是牛津大學的邏輯教授。在1970年，他被封為爵士。 (zh) Альфред Джулс Еєр (англ. Alfred Jules Ayer, МФА: /ɛə/, 29 жовтня 1910 — 27 червня 1989) — англійський філософ і логік, представник логічного неопозитивізму. Пропагував ідеї віденського гуртка, для пізніх робіт характерна тенденція до лінгвістичної філософії. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | ألفرد جول آير (بالإنجليزية: Alfred Jules Ayer) هو فيسلوف بريطاني ولد في 29 أكتوبر 1910وتوفي في 27 يونيو 1989 تمحورت أفكاره حول نقد الميتافيزيقيا بمختلف فروعها كاللاهوت والجمال والأخلاق. حيث رأى أن الميتافيزيقيا لا يمكن التأكد من حقيقتها من خلال التجربة. كما أنكر بديهية الأحكام المتعلقة بالماضي، وذهب إلى أنها ليست كبداهة الحاضر، لأننا لا نتمكن من الرجوع إلى الوراء للتيقن من صحة ما وقع في الماضي، والنتيجة أننا لا يمكننا أن نثبت ذلك بطريقة علمية. إلا أنه أظهر بعض التراجع عن هذه النظرية في بعض التعديلات التي أجراها على كتبه فيما بعد. (ar) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (29. října 1910, Londýn, Anglie, Velká Británie – 27. června 1989, Londýn) byl anglický analytický filozof, známý především jako propagátor myšlenek logického pozitivismu v anglicky mluvících zemích. Byl dlouholetým profesorem filozofie na University College v Londýně a na Oxfordu. (cs) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, Regne Unit, 29 d'octubre de 1910 - 27 de juny de 1989) fou un filòsof i professor britànic, pare del positivisme lògic. Divulgador al Regne Unit de l'obra i de la filosofia del Cercle de Viena. La seva obra principal va ser “Llenguatge, Veritat i Lògica” editada el 1936. Com a profossor universitari va treballar a la University College de Londres i a la Universitat d'Oxford. (ca) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (* 29. Oktober 1910 in , London; † 27. Juni 1989 in London) war ein britischer Philosoph. Er trug wesentlich zur Popularisierung des Logischen Empirismus in englischsprachigen Ländern vor allem durch seine Hauptschriften Language, Truth and Logic (1936; Sprache, Wahrheit und Logik) und The Problem of Knowledge (1956; Das Problem der Erkenntnis) bei. (de) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, Ingalaterra, 1910eko urriaren 29a - 1989ko ekainaren 27a) britainiar filosofoa izan zen. (eu) Sir Alfred Jules Ayer usuellement appelé A. J. Ayer (St John's Wood, Londres 29 octobre 1910 - 27 juin 1989) est un philosophe, logicien et éthicien britannique. Il est l'auteur du livre (en), paru en 1936, et a enseigné à l'Université de Londres et a l'Université d'Oxford. (fr) Alfred Jules Ayer, meglio conosciuto come A. J. Ayer (Londra, 29 ottobre 1910 – Londra, 27 giugno 1989), è stato un filosofo britannico, conosciuto per la sua promozione del positivismo logico, operata soprattutto nei suoi libri Language, Truth and Logic (1936) e The Problem of Knowledge (1956). Ayer fu professore di filosofia della mente e logica (Philosophy of Mind and Logic) all'University College London dal 1946 al 1959, quando divenne professore di Logica all'Università di Oxford. Fu nominato cavaliere nel 1970. (it) 앨프리드 줄스 에이어 경(Sir Alfred Jules Ayer, 1910년 10월 29일 ~ 1989년 6월 27일)은 영국의 철학자로, 논리실증주의의 대표적 철학자 중 하나이다. 1946년 런던 대학교 교수, 1959년부터 옥스퍼드 대학교 교수를 역임하였다. 초기 논리실증주의자의 대부분은 명제의 의미성을 확인할 때 그 명제의 각 부분이 감각적 경험에 의해 완전하게 검증될 가능성을 요구하였으나, 에이어는 조건을 완화하여 언제나 가설에 지나지 않는 경험과학의 명제는 부분적 검증이 가능하면 유의미, 그것조차 불가능하면 형이상학적 명제라고 하였다. 그리고 윤리적 명제는 주관적 정서의 표현에 지나지 않는다는 이유로 규범학(規範學)으로서의 윤리학의 성립은 불가능하다고 주장하였다. (ko) サー・アルフレッド・ジュールズ・エイヤー（Sir Alfred Jules Ayer、姓はエアとも、1910年10月29日 - 1989年6月27日）は、イギリスの哲学者で、論理実証主義の代表者、イギリスへの紹介者として知られている。一般には、A.J.Ayerという呼称が使われる。親しい友人たちからは、「フレディ」（Freddie）と呼ばれる。著書では『言語・真理・論理』（1936年）と『知識の問題』（1956年）が特に著名。 (ja) Сэр Алфред Джулс А́йер (англ. Alfred Jules Ayer; 29 октября 1910 года, Лондон — 27 июня 1989 года, там же) — английский философ-неопозитивист, представитель аналитической философии — по некоторой оценке, — один из ведущих философов середины XX века. (ru) Alfred Jules Ayer (ur. 29 października 1910 w Londynie, zm. 27 czerwca 1989 tamże) – brytyjski filozof analityczny i lewicowy intelektualista. Bywa określany jako empirysta dawnego stylu. Jeden z ważnych przedstawicieli angielskiej szkoły analitycznej. (pl) Sir Alfred Jules (A.J.) Ayer, född 29 oktober 1910 i London, död 27 juni 1989 i London, var en brittisk filosof som gjort sig känd för böckerna "Language, Truth, and Logic" och "The Problem of Knowledge". Han ansågs vara den logiska positivismens främste representant i Storbritannien och hans huvudintressen låg således i språk, epistemologi och vetenskapsteori. (sv) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, 29 de outubro de 1910 – Londres, 27 de junho de 1989) foi um educador e filósofo britânico, proponente do positivismo lógico. Filho de pai suíço e mãe belga, Ayer estudou no Reino Unido, em Eton e Oxford. Foi professor na Universidade de Londres entre 1946 e 1959, onde teve a cátedra de Filosofia da Mente e Lógica. (pt) 阿尔弗雷德·朱尔斯·艾耶爾爵士（英語：Sir. Alfred Jules Ayer，/ɛər/；1910年10月29日－1989年6月27日），英國哲學家，因1936年出版《語言、真理與邏輯》而聞名於世。此书中他提出了逻辑实证主义的一个主要论点，从而成为了逻辑实证主义在英文世界的代言人。在1946年至1959年，他曾是倫敦大學學院的精神邏輯哲學的教授，同時也是牛津大學的邏輯教授。在1970年，他被封為爵士。 (zh) Альфред Джулс Еєр (англ. Alfred Jules Ayer, МФА: /ɛə/, 29 жовтня 1910 — 27 червня 1989) — англійський філософ і логік, представник логічного неопозитивізму. Пропагував ідеї віденського гуртка, для пізніх робіт характерна тенденція до лінгвістичної філософії. (uk) O Σερ Αλφρεντ Τζουλς Φρέντι Άυερ (Alfred Jules Freddie Ayer, , ; 29 Οκτωβρίου 1910 – 27 Ιουνίου 1989) ήταν Βρετανός φιλόσοφος, γνωστός για την προώθηση του λογικού θετικισμού, ιδίως με τα βιβλία του (1936) και The Problem of Knowledge (1956). Εκπαιδεύτηκε στο Κολλέγιο Ήτον και το πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης, και αργότερα σπούδασε λογικό θετικισμό στο Πανεπιστήμιο της Βιέννης. Από το 1933 εως το 1940 δίδαξε φιλοσοφία στην χριστιανική εκκλησία της Οξφόρδης. Κατά τον Β Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο εργάστηκε ως πράκτορας της MI6. (el) Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer FBA (/ɛər/; 29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was an English philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956). He was educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford, after which he studied the philosophy of logical positivism at the University of Vienna. From 1933 to 1940 he lectured on philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford. During the Second World War Ayer was a Special Operations Executive and MI6 agent. (en) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londres, 29 de octubre de 1910 - Londres, 27 de junio de 1989) fue un pedagogo y filósofo británico, promotor del positivismo lógico y divulgador en Inglaterra de la obra y de la filosofía del Círculo de Viena. Entre otras de sus obras se encuentran Pensamiento y significación (1947), Los fundamentos del conocimiento empírico (1950), El problema del conocimiento (1956), Filosofía y lenguaje (1961), Hume (1980), La filosofía del siglo XX (1982). (es) Alfred Jules Ayer adalah seorang filsuf Inggris yang terkenal karena pemikirannya tentang positivisme logis. Alfred Jules Ayer lahir pada tanggal 29 Oktober 1910 di London dan meninggal pada tanggal 27 Juni 1989 di London. Ayer adalah seorang Profesor Filsafat Pikiran dan Logika di Universitas London dari tahun 1946 hingga 1959. Dia juga pernah menjabat sebagai presiden Masyarakat pada tahun 1951-1952. Ia dididik di , dan kemudian memenangkan beasiswa dari Gereja Kristus di Oxford. Ayer juga merupakan seorang tokoh sosial yang terkenal di zamannya. Salah satu karya penting dari Ayer adalah pada tahun 1988, tak lama sebelum kematiannya. Pada saat itu, Ayer menulis sebuah artikel yang berjudul, Apa yang saya lihat ketika aku sudah mati. Artikel ini menggambarkan pengalaman menjelang kematia (in) Alfred Jules Ayer (Londen, 29 oktober 1910 - Londen, 27 juni 1989), beter bekend als simpelweg A.J. Ayer (en Freddie genoemd door vrienden), was een filosoof die hielp het logisch positivisme te populariseren in Engelstalige landen door middel van zijn boeken Taal, waarheid en logica (1936) en Het probleem van kennis (1956). (nl) |
| rdfs:label | A. J. Ayer (en) ألفرد آير (ar) Alfred Jules Ayer (ca) Alfred Jules Ayer (cs) Alfred Jules Ayer (de) Άλφρεντ Άιερ (el) Alfred Jules Ayer (es) Alfred Jules Ayer (eu) Alfred Jules Ayer (fr) A.J. Ayer (in) Alfred Jules Ayer (it) アルフレッド・エイヤー (ja) A. J. 에이어 (ko) Alfred Ayer (nl) Alfred Jules Ayer (pl) A. J. Ayer (pt) Alfred Jules Ayer (sv) Айер, Алфред Джулс (ru) 阿尔弗雷德·朱尔斯·艾耶尔 (zh) Альфред Джулс Еєр (uk) |
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