Alan Kotok (original) (raw)
Alan Kotok (9 novembre 1941 - 26 mai 2006) est un informaticien américain, père de la première manette de jeu vidéo (en anglais joystick), il contribua également à Spacewar!, le premier jeu sur ordinateur. La thèse de bachelier d'Alan Kotok au MIT s'intitule : A chess playing program for the IBM 7090 computer, et aboutit à l'un des premiers programmes d'échecs, Kotok-McCarthy en 1962. Alan fut aussi un des instigateurs de la création du W3C et le président associé du W3C, au MIT, pendant les dernières années de sa vie. C'était également un grand amateur d'orgues.
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| dbo:abstract | Alan Kotok (Filadèlfia, 26 de maig del 1941 - Cambridge, Massachusetts, 9 de novembre de 2006) fou un científic estatunidenc especialitzat en programació d'ordinadors conegut com un dels primers furoners de la història, juntament amb Peter Samson, Steve Russell o entre altres. Va destacar sobretot pel seu treball a Digital Equipment Corporation i a World Wide Web Consortium. Anteriorment, ja havia contribuït en el desenvolupament del primer programa de joc d'escacs per ordinadors, co-inventat el primer videojoc de la història, Spacewar!, i participat en el desenvolupament dels primers manuals de programació. Va morir el 2006 d'un atac de cor a casa seva a Cambridge. (ca) Alan Kotok (November 9, 1941 – May 26, 2006) was an American computer scientist known for his work at Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital, or DEC) and at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Steven Levy, in his book Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, describes Kotok and his classmates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as the first true hackers. Kotok was a precocious child who skipped two grades before college. At MIT, he became a member of the Tech Model Railroad Club, and after enrolling in MIT's first freshman programming class, he helped develop some of the earliest computer software including a digital audio program and what is sometimes called the first video game (Spacewar!). Together with his teacher John McCarthy and other classmates, he was part of the team that wrote the Kotok-McCarthy program which took part in the first chess match between computers. After leaving MIT, Kotok joined the computer manufacturer Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he worked for over 30 years. He was the chief architect of the PDP-10 family of computers, and created the company's Internet Business Group, responsible for several forms of Web-based technology including the first popular search engine. Kotok is known for his contributions to the Internet and to the World Wide Web through his work at the World Wide Web Consortium, which he and Digital had helped to found, and where he served as associate chairman. (en) Alan Kotok (* 9. November 1941 in Philadelphia; † 26. Mai 2006 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) war ein US-amerikanischer Informatiker und Mitentwickler von Spacewar!, dem ersten Computerspiel der Welt. Kotok entwickelte hierfür den Vorläufer des modernen Gamepads, einen riesigen Joystick mit separaten Knüppeln für horizontale und vertikale Bewegungen. Von 1958 bis 1962 studierte Kotok am Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) im Bereich der Künstliche-Intelligenz-Forschung. Er entwickelte während seines Studiums eines der ersten Schachprogramme und beteiligte sich am Programm Space War. Für seine Arbeiten benutzte er den Rechner TX0, eine MIT-Eigenenwicklung, eine IBM 7090 sowie eine PDP-1, die dem MIT vom Hersteller DEC zu Verfügung gestellt worden war. Nach Abschluss seines Studiums trat Kotok in die Firma DEC ein. Zwar war sein Hauptschwerpunkt die Entwicklung von Rechnerarchitekturen und deren Implementierung in Hardware, jedoch arbeitete er auch an Softwareentwicklungen (z. B. an einem Fortran-Compiler für die PDP-4 oder an einem Lisp-Interpreter, der ausschließlich in TECO programmiert war), programmierte eine der ersten weltweiten Computerfernverbindungen über eine Telex-Leitung zwischen den USA und Australien. Bei der Rechnerentwicklung lag sein Schwerpunkt auf der 36-Bit-Familie. Er war an Entwurf und Realisierung der und aller Zentraleinheiten der PDP-10 maßgeblich beteiligt (die Typenbezeichnung der ersten PDP-10-CPU, KA10, fußt auf seinen Initialen). Nach dem Ende der 36-Bit-Familie hat er aus der VAX-Reihe die Zentraleinheit 8600 (Codename Venus) gebaut. Als Leiter einer Strategiegruppe innerhalb von DEC hat er dann versucht, die Firma stärker auf Internet-Anwendungen auszurichten. Ein Ergebnis dieser Bemühungen war die Suchmaschine AltaVista, die vor Google Marktführer war. 1994 wurde Kotok Digitals Vertreter im World Wide Web Consortium. 1997 trat er hauptberuflich in den W3C-Vorstand ein, dem er bis zu seinem Tode angehörte. Er starb 2006 an einem Herzanfall. (de) Alan Kotok (9 novembre 1941 - 26 mai 2006) est un informaticien américain, père de la première manette de jeu vidéo (en anglais joystick), il contribua également à Spacewar!, le premier jeu sur ordinateur. La thèse de bachelier d'Alan Kotok au MIT s'intitule : A chess playing program for the IBM 7090 computer, et aboutit à l'un des premiers programmes d'échecs, Kotok-McCarthy en 1962. Alan fut aussi un des instigateurs de la création du W3C et le président associé du W3C, au MIT, pendant les dernières années de sa vie. C'était également un grand amateur d'orgues. (fr) アラン・コトック（Alan Kotok、1941年11月9日 - 2006年5月26日）は、アメリカ合衆国の計算機科学者。World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) での仕事を通したインターネットとWorld Wide Webへの貢献、ディジタル・イクイップメント・コーポレーション (DEC) における仕事を通した情報工学への貢献、マサチューセッツ工科大学 (MIT) におけるコンピュータゲームとコンピュータチェスを通した、ゲーム関連への貢献で知られている。 コンピュータ歴史博物館では2004年に、自身の回顧録をビデオに記録した。またスティーブン・レヴィのHackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolutionに登場している。 1941年ペンシルベニア州フィラデルフィアに一人っ子として生まれ、ニュージャージー州南部の Vineland に住んでいた。3歳になるとねじ回しでコンセントをいじるという危険を冒し、6歳になると電気スタンドを作れるまでになった。父の金物屋では鉄道模型に親しんでいる。その後2年飛び級し16歳で大学に進学した。 2006年5月26日、自宅で心臓発作により死去。 (ja) 앨런 코톡 (Alan Kotok; 1941년 11월 9일 – 2006년 5월 26일)은 미국의 컴퓨터 과학자로서, Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital 또는 DEC)과 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)에서 세운 업적으로 유명하다. Steven Levy는 저서 Hackers : Heroes of Computer Revolution에서 MIT의 코톡과 동급생들을 최초의 진정한 해커라고 일컬었다. * 코톡 패밀리 홈페이지 * 월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄 (W3C) * MIT 컴퓨터 과학 및 인공 지능 연구소 (CSAIL) * Wright, Sarah H. (2006년 6월 13일). “Alan Kotok, 64, created joystick”. MIT News Office. 2007년 1월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 12월 27일에 확인함. * Kotok, Alan (2004년 11월 15일). “Oral History of Alan Kotok” (PDF). Computer History Museum. 2011년 9월 27일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. * (September 2005). “Mastering the Game: A History of Computer Chess”. 2006년 8월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. (September 2005). “Mastering the Game: A History of Computer Chess”. 2006년 8월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. (September 2005). “Mastering the Game: A History of Computer Chess”. 2006년 8월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. (September 2005). “Mastering the Game: A History of Computer Chess”. 2006년 8월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. * 특히 (September 2005). “Section 2.4: Opening Moves: Getting Going”. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함. * Alan Kotok (December 1, 2004). 월드 와이드 웹 : 10 주년 . WGBH 교육 재단. 0:39:40에 발생한 이벤트. 2013년 5월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서 . 2012년 8월 20일에 확인함. (ko) |
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| rdfs:comment | Alan Kotok (9 novembre 1941 - 26 mai 2006) est un informaticien américain, père de la première manette de jeu vidéo (en anglais joystick), il contribua également à Spacewar!, le premier jeu sur ordinateur. La thèse de bachelier d'Alan Kotok au MIT s'intitule : A chess playing program for the IBM 7090 computer, et aboutit à l'un des premiers programmes d'échecs, Kotok-McCarthy en 1962. Alan fut aussi un des instigateurs de la création du W3C et le président associé du W3C, au MIT, pendant les dernières années de sa vie. C'était également un grand amateur d'orgues. (fr) アラン・コトック（Alan Kotok、1941年11月9日 - 2006年5月26日）は、アメリカ合衆国の計算機科学者。World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) での仕事を通したインターネットとWorld Wide Webへの貢献、ディジタル・イクイップメント・コーポレーション (DEC) における仕事を通した情報工学への貢献、マサチューセッツ工科大学 (MIT) におけるコンピュータゲームとコンピュータチェスを通した、ゲーム関連への貢献で知られている。 コンピュータ歴史博物館では2004年に、自身の回顧録をビデオに記録した。またスティーブン・レヴィのHackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolutionに登場している。 1941年ペンシルベニア州フィラデルフィアに一人っ子として生まれ、ニュージャージー州南部の Vineland に住んでいた。3歳になるとねじ回しでコンセントをいじるという危険を冒し、6歳になると電気スタンドを作れるまでになった。父の金物屋では鉄道模型に親しんでいる。その後2年飛び級し16歳で大学に進学した。 2006年5月26日、自宅で心臓発作により死去。 (ja) Alan Kotok (Filadèlfia, 26 de maig del 1941 - Cambridge, Massachusetts, 9 de novembre de 2006) fou un científic estatunidenc especialitzat en programació d'ordinadors conegut com un dels primers furoners de la història, juntament amb Peter Samson, Steve Russell o entre altres. Va morir el 2006 d'un atac de cor a casa seva a Cambridge. (ca) Alan Kotok (November 9, 1941 – May 26, 2006) was an American computer scientist known for his work at Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital, or DEC) and at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Steven Levy, in his book Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, describes Kotok and his classmates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as the first true hackers. (en) Alan Kotok (* 9. November 1941 in Philadelphia; † 26. Mai 2006 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) war ein US-amerikanischer Informatiker und Mitentwickler von Spacewar!, dem ersten Computerspiel der Welt. Kotok entwickelte hierfür den Vorläufer des modernen Gamepads, einen riesigen Joystick mit separaten Knüppeln für horizontale und vertikale Bewegungen. Als Leiter einer Strategiegruppe innerhalb von DEC hat er dann versucht, die Firma stärker auf Internet-Anwendungen auszurichten. Ein Ergebnis dieser Bemühungen war die Suchmaschine AltaVista, die vor Google Marktführer war. (de) 앨런 코톡 (Alan Kotok; 1941년 11월 9일 – 2006년 5월 26일)은 미국의 컴퓨터 과학자로서, Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital 또는 DEC)과 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)에서 세운 업적으로 유명하다. Steven Levy는 저서 Hackers : Heroes of Computer Revolution에서 MIT의 코톡과 동급생들을 최초의 진정한 해커라고 일컬었다. (ko) |
| rdfs:label | Alan Kotok (en) Alan Kotok (ca) Alan Kotok (de) Alan Kotok (fr) 앨런 코톡 (ko) アラン・コトック (ja) |
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