Alexander Andries Maramis (original) (raw)
Alexander Andries Maramis (* 20. Juni 1897; † 31. Juli 1977), besser bekannt als A. A. Maramis, war ein indonesischer Politiker und Nationalheld Indonesiens, der am Kampf für die Unabhängigkeit beteiligt war. Er war Mitglied des Untersuchungsausschusses für die Vorbereitungsarbeiten zur Unabhängigkeit (BPUPK), der Organisation, die die Verfassung Indonesiens ausarbeitete. In der Anfangsphase der indonesischen Regierung nach der Proklamation der Unabhängigkeit war er sowohl Finanzminister als auch Außenminister. Nach dem Ende der indonesischen Nationalrevolution diente er als indonesischer Botschafter in mehreren Ländern, darunter die Philippinen, Westdeutschland und die Sowjetunion.
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| dbo:abstract | Alexander Andries Maramis (20 June 1897 – 31 July 1977), more commonly known simply as A. A. Maramis, was an Indonesian politician and National Hero of Indonesia, who was involved in the struggle for independence. He was a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), the organization which drafted the Constitution of Indonesia. In the early stages of the Indonesian government, following the Proclamation of Independence, he served as both Minister of Finance and Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, he served as the Indonesian ambassador to several nations, including the Philippines, West Germany, and the Soviet Union. Born in Manado on 20 June 1897, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of Leiden University, Netherlands. He started his career as a lawyer in Semarang. Maramis was appointed to the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) on 1 March 1945. There, he was a part of the Panitia Sembilan (committee of nine), which would formulate the Jakarta Charter, the precursor of the Constitution of Indonesia. Maramis served in the Indonesian government throughout the Indonesian National Revolution. He served as Minister of Finance several different times. He first served from 2 September until 14 November 1945. He was reappointed on 3 July 1947 to the position, until he was shuffled to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 19 December 1948. He was again reappointed Minister of Finance on 13 July 1949, serving until 4 August 1949. Following Indonesia's recognition as an independent nation, Maramis was appointed ambassador to the Philippines, serving from 1950 until 1953. He then represented Indonesia as ambassador to West Germany, from 1953 until 1956, when he was appointed ambassador to the Soviet Union, serving from 1956 until 1959. While ambassador to the Soviets, he also served as ambassador to Finland. After completing his duties as ambassador, he and his family settled in Switzerland. He returned to Indonesia in 1976. He died on 31 July 1977, at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, 13 months after his return to Indonesia. He lay in state in the Pancasila room at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was then buried in the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. He was posthumously given the honorary title of National Hero of Indonesia in 2019, by president Joko Widodo. (en) Alexander Andries Maramis (* 20. Juni 1897; † 31. Juli 1977), besser bekannt als A. A. Maramis, war ein indonesischer Politiker und Nationalheld Indonesiens, der am Kampf für die Unabhängigkeit beteiligt war. Er war Mitglied des Untersuchungsausschusses für die Vorbereitungsarbeiten zur Unabhängigkeit (BPUPK), der Organisation, die die Verfassung Indonesiens ausarbeitete. In der Anfangsphase der indonesischen Regierung nach der Proklamation der Unabhängigkeit war er sowohl Finanzminister als auch Außenminister. Nach dem Ende der indonesischen Nationalrevolution diente er als indonesischer Botschafter in mehreren Ländern, darunter die Philippinen, Westdeutschland und die Sowjetunion. (de) Dr. (H.C.) Mr. Alexander Andries Maramis atau lebih dikenal dengan A.A. Maramis (20 Juni 1897 – 31 Juli 1977) adalah pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia dan pahlawan nasional. Dia pernah menjadi anggota BPUPKI dan KNIP. Ia juga pernah menjadi Menteri Keuangan Indonesia dan merupakan orang yang menandatangani Oeang Republik Indonesia pertama. Keponakan Maria Walanda Maramis ini menyelesaikan pendidikannya di bidang hukum pada tahun 1924 di Belanda. (in) Alexander Andries Maramis (Manado, 20 juni 1897 – Jakarta, 31 juli 1977), beter bekend als A.A. Maramis, was een Indonesische politicus die betrokken was bij de strijd richting de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid. Van 1919 tot 1924 studeerde Maramis aan de Universiteit Leiden. Hij was lid van de Perhimpoenan Indonesia en werd daarvan uiteindelijk ook secretaris. Terug in Indonesië werkte hij als advocaat, totdat hij tijdens de Japanse bezetting van Nederlands-Indië benoemd werd in het Onderzoekscomité ter voorbereiding op de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid (BPUPK). Na het uitroepen van de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid op 17 augustus bleef Maramis politiek betrokken. Tijdens de Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog had hij tweemaal de post van minister van financiën, eerst in het Kabinet Presidensial (1945) en later achtereenvolgens in de kabinetten Amir Sjarifoeddin I en II en Hatta I (1947-1949). Daarnaast was hij minister van buitenlandse zaken in het noodkabinet tijdens de gevangenschap van president Soekarno en vicepresident/minister-president Mohammed Hatta. Na de oorlog werd Maramis de eerste Indonesische ambassadeur voor de Filipijnen. Later zou hij ook nog ambassadeur worden in West-Duitsland, de Sovjet-Unie en Finland. In november 2019 kreeg A.A. Maramis postuum de eretitel van nationale held van Indonesië toegekend van president Joko Widodo. (nl) Александр Андрис Марамис (индон. Alexander Andries Maramis; 1897 год, Манадо — 1977 год, Джакарта) — индонезийский политический деятель. Министр финансов Индонезии (1945; 1947-1949). Министр иностранных дел Чрезвычайного правительства Республики Индонезии (1949). Национальный герой Индонезии (2019). (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Alexander Andries Maramis (* 20. Juni 1897; † 31. Juli 1977), besser bekannt als A. A. Maramis, war ein indonesischer Politiker und Nationalheld Indonesiens, der am Kampf für die Unabhängigkeit beteiligt war. Er war Mitglied des Untersuchungsausschusses für die Vorbereitungsarbeiten zur Unabhängigkeit (BPUPK), der Organisation, die die Verfassung Indonesiens ausarbeitete. In der Anfangsphase der indonesischen Regierung nach der Proklamation der Unabhängigkeit war er sowohl Finanzminister als auch Außenminister. Nach dem Ende der indonesischen Nationalrevolution diente er als indonesischer Botschafter in mehreren Ländern, darunter die Philippinen, Westdeutschland und die Sowjetunion. (de) Dr. (H.C.) Mr. Alexander Andries Maramis atau lebih dikenal dengan A.A. Maramis (20 Juni 1897 – 31 Juli 1977) adalah pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia dan pahlawan nasional. Dia pernah menjadi anggota BPUPKI dan KNIP. Ia juga pernah menjadi Menteri Keuangan Indonesia dan merupakan orang yang menandatangani Oeang Republik Indonesia pertama. Keponakan Maria Walanda Maramis ini menyelesaikan pendidikannya di bidang hukum pada tahun 1924 di Belanda. (in) Александр Андрис Марамис (индон. Alexander Andries Maramis; 1897 год, Манадо — 1977 год, Джакарта) — индонезийский политический деятель. Министр финансов Индонезии (1945; 1947-1949). Министр иностранных дел Чрезвычайного правительства Республики Индонезии (1949). Национальный герой Индонезии (2019). (ru) Alexander Andries Maramis (20 June 1897 – 31 July 1977), more commonly known simply as A. A. Maramis, was an Indonesian politician and National Hero of Indonesia, who was involved in the struggle for independence. He was a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), the organization which drafted the Constitution of Indonesia. In the early stages of the Indonesian government, following the Proclamation of Independence, he served as both Minister of Finance and Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, he served as the Indonesian ambassador to several nations, including the Philippines, West Germany, and the Soviet Union. (en) Alexander Andries Maramis (Manado, 20 juni 1897 – Jakarta, 31 juli 1977), beter bekend als A.A. Maramis, was een Indonesische politicus die betrokken was bij de strijd richting de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid. Van 1919 tot 1924 studeerde Maramis aan de Universiteit Leiden. Hij was lid van de Perhimpoenan Indonesia en werd daarvan uiteindelijk ook secretaris. Terug in Indonesië werkte hij als advocaat, totdat hij tijdens de Japanse bezetting van Nederlands-Indië benoemd werd in het Onderzoekscomité ter voorbereiding op de Indonesische onafhankelijkheid (BPUPK). (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Alexander Andries Maramis (en) Alexander Andries Maramis (de) Alexander Andries Maramis (in) Alexander Andries Maramis (nl) Марамис, Александр Андрис (ru) |
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