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L'article III de la Constitució dels Estats Units crea el Poder Judicial del Govern federal dels Estats Units. El Poder Judicial està format per la Cort Suprema dels Estats Units i els tribunals federals d'inferior rang legalment establerts pel Congrés dels Estats Units. (ca) Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress. Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or controversies arising under federal law, as well as other enumerated areas. Article Three also defines treason. Section 1 of Article Three vests the judicial power of the United States in the Supreme Court, as well as inferior courts established by Congress. Along with the Vesting Clauses of Article One and Article Two, Article Three's Vesting Clause establishes the separation of powers between the three branches of government. Section 1 authorizes the creation of inferior courts, but does not require it; the first inferior federal courts were established shortly after the ratification of the Constitution with the Judiciary Act of 1789. Section 1 also establishes that federal judges do not face term limits, and that an individual judge's salary may not be decreased. Article Three does not set the size of the Supreme Court or establish specific positions on the court, but Article One establishes the position of chief justice. Section 2 of Article Three delineates federal judicial power. The Case or Controversy Clause restricts the judiciary's power to actual cases and controversies, meaning that federal judicial power does not extend to cases which are hypothetical, or which are proscribed due to standing, mootness, or ripeness issues. Section 2 states that federal judiciary's power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, federal laws, federal treaties, controversies involving multiple states or foreign powers, and other enumerated areas. Section 2 gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction when ambassadors, public officials, or the states are a party in the case, leaving the Supreme Court with appellate jurisdiction in all other areas to which the federal judiciary's jurisdiction extends. Section 2 also gives Congress the power to strip the Supreme Court of appellate jurisdiction, and establishes that all federal crimes must be tried before a jury. Section 2 does not expressly grant the federal judiciary the power of judicial review, but the courts have exercised this power since the 1803 case of Marbury v. Madison. Section 3 of Article Three defines treason and empowers Congress to punish treason. Section 3 requires that at least two witnesses testify to the treasonous act, or that the individual accused of treason confess in open court. It also limits the ways in which Congress can punish those convicted of treason. (en) El Artículo III de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos crea el Poder Judicial del gobierno federal de ese país. El Poder Judicial está formado por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos y los tribunales federales de inferior instancia legalmente establecidos por el Congreso. (es) L'Article III de la Constitution des États-Unis d'Amérique est l'article qui établit le pouvoir judiciaire du gouvernement fédéral américain. Le pouvoir judiciaire se compose de la Cour Suprême et des cours inférieures définies par le Congrès. (fr) L'Articolo III della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America istituisce il potere giudiziario del governo federale, composto dalla Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America e dai tribunali federali inferiori creati dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti. L'Articolo III autorizza i tribunali ad occuparsi di casi o controversie riguardanti la legge federale. L'Articolo III definisce anche il reato di «tradimento». (it) Статья три Конституции США определяет полномочия судебной ветви федеральной власти США. Федеральная судебная система состоит из Верховного Суда США и нижестоящих судов, которые создаются Конгрессом. (ru) 美利坚合众国宪法第三条建立了美国联邦政府的司法部门，不过从技术层面上，这一条明确设立的只是联邦最高法院，其它的各个下级法院的设立仍然需要立法机关再立法规定或设立，宪法还规定联邦政府的司法权属于包括最高法院在国会所设立的各个下级法院在内的联邦法院系统。 (zh) |
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L'article III de la Constitució dels Estats Units crea el Poder Judicial del Govern federal dels Estats Units. El Poder Judicial està format per la Cort Suprema dels Estats Units i els tribunals federals d'inferior rang legalment establerts pel Congrés dels Estats Units. (ca) El Artículo III de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos crea el Poder Judicial del gobierno federal de ese país. El Poder Judicial está formado por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos y los tribunales federales de inferior instancia legalmente establecidos por el Congreso. (es) L'Article III de la Constitution des États-Unis d'Amérique est l'article qui établit le pouvoir judiciaire du gouvernement fédéral américain. Le pouvoir judiciaire se compose de la Cour Suprême et des cours inférieures définies par le Congrès. (fr) L'Articolo III della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America istituisce il potere giudiziario del governo federale, composto dalla Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America e dai tribunali federali inferiori creati dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti. L'Articolo III autorizza i tribunali ad occuparsi di casi o controversie riguardanti la legge federale. L'Articolo III definisce anche il reato di «tradimento». (it) Статья три Конституции США определяет полномочия судебной ветви федеральной власти США. Федеральная судебная система состоит из Верховного Суда США и нижестоящих судов, которые создаются Конгрессом. (ru) 美利坚合众国宪法第三条建立了美国联邦政府的司法部门，不过从技术层面上，这一条明确设立的只是联邦最高法院，其它的各个下级法院的设立仍然需要立法机关再立法规定或设立，宪法还规定联邦政府的司法权属于包括最高法院在国会所设立的各个下级法院在内的联邦法院系统。 (zh) Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress. Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or controversies arising under federal law, as well as other enumerated areas. Article Three also defines treason. (en) |
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