Battle of Dürenstein (original) (raw)
La bataille de Dürenstein (aussi connue sous le nom de bataille de Dürrenstein ou bataille de Dürnstein) est un combat de la période du Premier Empire pendant la Troisième Coalition. Elle s'est déroulée le 11 novembre 1805, trois semaines après la bataille d'Ulm et trois semaines avant la bataille d'Austerlitz. Les troupes françaises commandées par le maréchal Édouard Mortier s'opposent à des forces russes beaucoup plus nombreuses commandés par le feld-maréchal Mikhaïl Illarionovitch Golenichtchev-Koutouzov. La bataille s'est déroulée près de la ville de Dürenstein (aujourd'hui Dürnstein) dans la vallée du Wachau en Autriche, près du Danube, à proximité du lieu où Richard Cœur-de-Lion fut retenu captif.
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| dbo:abstract | The Battle of Dürenstein (German: Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition. Dürenstein (modern Dürnstein), Austria, is located in the Wachau valley, on the river Danube, 73 kilometers (45 mi) upstream from Vienna, Austria. The river makes a crescent-shaped curve between Dürnstein and nearby Krems an der Donau, and the battle was fought in the flood plain between the river and the mountains. At Dürenstein, a combined force of Russian and Austrian troops trapped a French division commanded by Théodore Maxime Gazan. The French division was part of the newly created VIII Corps, the so-called Corps Mortier, under command of Édouard Mortier. In pursuing the Austrian retreat from Bavaria, Mortier had over-extended his three divisions along the north bank of the Danube. Mikhail Kutuzov, commander of the Coalition force, enticed Mortier to send Gazan's division into a trap and French troops were caught in a valley between two Russian columns. They were rescued by the timely arrival of a second division, under command of Pierre Dupont de l'Étang. The battle extended well into the night, after which both sides claimed victory. The French lost more than a third of their participants, and Gazan's division experienced over 40 percent losses. The Austrians and Russians also had heavy losses—close to 16 percent—but perhaps the most significant was the death in action of Johann Heinrich von Schmitt, one of Austria's most capable chiefs of staff. The battle was fought three weeks after the surrender of one Austrian army at the Battle of Ulm and three weeks before the Russo-Austrian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz. After Austerlitz, Austria withdrew from the war. The French demanded a high indemnity, and Francis II abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor, releasing the German states from their allegiance to the Holy Roman Empire. (en) Die Schlacht bei Dürnstein (auch bekannt als Schlacht bei Loiben) war eine Schlacht des Dritten Koalitionskrieges der Napoleonischen Kriege. Sie fand am 11. November 1805 (drei Wochen nach der Schlacht von Ulm und drei Wochen vor der Schlacht bei Austerlitz) in Loiben (heute Teil von Dürnstein in der Wachau) statt. Schlacht von Dürnstein Teil von: Dritter Koalitionskrieg Dritter Koalitionskrieg (1805) Kap Finisterre – Wertingen – – Haslach-Jungingen – Elchingen – Ulm – Trafalgar – Caldiero – Ried – Lambach – – Steyr – Amstetten – Mariazell – St. Pölten – – Dürnstein – Schöngrabern – Wischau (Vyškov) – Austerlitz (de) La batalla de Dürenstein (en alemán, Schlacht bei Dürnstein; también conocida como Dürrenstein, Dürnstein y Diernstein) fue un enfrentamiento sucedido el 11 de noviembre de 1805, en el marco de las guerras napoleónicas durante la guerra de la Tercera Coalición. Dürenstein (hoy en día Dürnstein) se encuentra en el valle de Wachau, en el río Danubio, a 73 kilómetros aguas arriba de Viena, Austria. El río hace una curva en forma de media luna entre Dürnstein y Krems an der Donau, y la batalla se libró en la llanura de inundación entre el río y las montañas. En Dürenstein, una fuerza combinada de tropas rusas y austriacas atrapó a una división francesa al mando de Honoré Gazan. La división francesa era parte del recién creado , el llamado Corps Mortier, bajo el mando de Édouard Mortier. Al perseguir la retirada austríaca de Baviera, Mortier había extendido demasiado sus tres divisiones a lo largo de la orilla norte del Danubio. Mikhail Kutuzov, comandante de la fuerza de la Coalición, incitó a Mortier a enviar la división de Gazan, trampa y las tropas francesas cayeron en la trampa, siendo atrapadas en un valle entre dos columnas rusas. Sin embargo, recibieron ayuda tras la llegada oportuna de una segunda división, bajo el mando de Pierre Dupont de l'Étang. La batalla se extendió hasta bien entrada la noche, después de lo cual ambas partes se adjudicaron la victoria. Los franceses perdieron más de un tercio de sus hombres, y la división de Gazan experimentó más del 40 por ciento de pérdidas. Los austriacos y los rusos también tuvieron grandes pérdidas, cerca del 16 por ciento, pero tal vez lo más significativo fue la muerte en acción de , uno de los jefes de Estado más capaces de Austria. La batalla se libró tres semanas después de la capitulación austriaca en Ulm y tres semanas antes de la derrota ruso-austriaca en la batalla de Austerlitz. Luego de Austerlitz, Austria se retiró de la guerra. Los franceses exigieron una alta indemnización, y Francisco II abdicó como , liberando a los estados alemanes de su lealtad al Sacro Imperio Romano. (es) La bataille de Dürenstein (aussi connue sous le nom de bataille de Dürrenstein ou bataille de Dürnstein) est un combat de la période du Premier Empire pendant la Troisième Coalition. Elle s'est déroulée le 11 novembre 1805, trois semaines après la bataille d'Ulm et trois semaines avant la bataille d'Austerlitz. Les troupes françaises commandées par le maréchal Édouard Mortier s'opposent à des forces russes beaucoup plus nombreuses commandés par le feld-maréchal Mikhaïl Illarionovitch Golenichtchev-Koutouzov. La bataille s'est déroulée près de la ville de Dürenstein (aujourd'hui Dürnstein) dans la vallée du Wachau en Autriche, près du Danube, à proximité du lieu où Richard Cœur-de-Lion fut retenu captif. (fr) Pertempuran Dürenstein (juga dikenal dengan nama Pertempuran Dürrenstein, Pertempuran Dürnstein dan Pertempuran Diernstein; bahasa Jerman: Gefecht bei Dürrenstein) adalah pertempuran yang meletus pada tanggal 11 November 1805 selama Perang Koalisi Ketiga. Dürenstein (kini ) terletak di di Sungai Donau, kurang lebih 73 km dari kota Wina, Austria. Sungai yang mengalir di antara Dürnstein dan Krems an der Donau berbentuk sabit dan pertempuran ini meletus di dataran banjir di antara sungai dan pegunungan. Dalam pertempuran ini, pasukan gabungan Rusia dan Austria berhasil memerangkap divisi Prancis yang dipimpin oleh . Divisi ini merupakan bagian dari (atau Korps Mortier di bawah komando ) yang baru didirikan. Saat mengejar pasukan Austria yang sedang mundur dari Bayern, tiga divisi Mortier mengejar terlalu jauh. Komandan pasukan koalisi Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov memancing Mortier agar membuat divisi Gazan jatuh ke dalam perangkap dan pasukan Prancis terperangkap di lembah yang terkepung oleh dua kolom pasukan Rusia. Mereka diselamatkan oleh kedatangan divisi kedua yang dipimpin oleh . Pertempuran ini berlangsung hingga malam hari. Kedua belah pihak mengklaim telah memenangkan pertempuran ini. Prancis kehilangan lebih dari sepertiga pasukannya dan 40% anggota divisi Gazan menjadi korban jiwa. Banyak pula korban jiwa yang jatuh di pihak Austria (hampir 16 persen), tetapi dapat dikatakan kerugian yang paling besar bagi mereka adalah kematian , salah satu perwira Austria yang paling cakap. Pertempuran ini berlangsung tiga minggu setelah Austria menyerah di Ulm dan tiga minggu sebelum kekalahan Rusia-Austria dalam Pertempuran Austerlitz. Setelah Austerlitz, Austria keluar dari perang. Prancis meminta ganti rugi yang besar dan Franz II mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya sebagai Kaisar Romawi Suci. (in) La battaglia di Dürenstein è uno scontro militare combattutasi nel 1805 tra l'esercito francese e quello russo. (it) A Batalha de Dürenstein (também conhecida como Batalha de Dürrenstein, Batalha de Dürnstein, Batalha de Diernstein e, na Alemanha, Gefecht bei Dürrenstein), foi uma batalha que teve lugar em Dürenstein, a 11 de Novembro de 1805, durante as Guerras Napoleónicas. Dürenstein (actual Dürnstein), fica no vale de Wachau, rio Danúbio, a 73 km de Viena, na Áustria. O rio apresenta uma curva em forma de crescente, entre Dürnstein e Krems an der Donau, e a batalha teve lugar na planície inundada entre o rio e as montanhas. Em Dürenstein, uma forma conjunta de tropas russas e austríacas surpreenderam uma divisão comandada por . A divisão francesa fazia parte do recém-criado VIII. Corpo, chamado de Corps Mortier, comandado por Édouard Mortier. Na perseguição das forças austríacas que estavam em retirada da Baviera, Mortier alargou geograficamente as suas trâs divisões ao longo da margem norte do Danúbio. Mikhail Kutuzov, o comandante da da força da Coligação, conseguiu que Mortier enviasse a divisão de Gazan para uma armadilha, e as tropas francesas foram apanhadas, no vale, entre duas colunas russas. Conseguiram ser salvas pela chegada a tempo da segunda divisão, sob o comando de . A batalha prolongou-se até de noite. Ambos os lados clamaram vitória. Os franceses perderam mais um terço das tropas, e a divisão de Gazan cerca de 40% de baixas. Do lado da Coligação, as baixas foram de 16% — entre elas, a morte de Johann Heinrich von Schmitt, um dos mais destacados marechais-de-campo da Áustria. Esta batalha ocorreu três semanas depois da Batalha de Ulm, e três semanas antes da derrota austro-russa em Austerlitz. Depois de Austerlitz, a Áustria retirou-se da guerra. Os franceses exigiram uma elevada indemnização e Francisco I da Áustria abdicou como Imperador Sacro Romano, libertando os estados alemães da sua ligação ao Sacro Império Romano-Germânico. (pt) Сражение при Кремсе чаще в русской историографии, в западной — битва при Дюренштейне (фр. Bataille de Dürenstein, нем. Schlacht von Dürnstein) — бой между французской и союзной русско-австрийской армиями, состоявшийся 30 октября (11 ноября) 1805 года возле австрийских городов Дюренштейн и Кремс в ходе Наполеона. После капитуляции армии генерала Мака под Ульмом русская армия под командованием М. И. Кутузова, спешившая на соединение с австрийцами, начала стремительный отход вместе с некоторыми австрийскими частями вдоль правого берега Дуная. Кутузов рассчитывал переправиться через реку у города Кремс, оставив, таким образом, Дунай между союзной и французской армиями. Наполеон, преследуя союзников, создал новый корпус под командованием маршала Эдуара Мортье, задачей которого было, перейдя на северный, левый берег Дуная, опередить союзников и занять переправы у Кремса раньше них. Это привело бы к уничтожению союзной армии, зажатой между Дунаем и наступающим Наполеоном. Однако, союзники переправились через Дунай раньше, чем успел подойти корпус Мортье. Головная дивизия корпуса под командованием генерала Газана вступила в сражение с союзниками, однако, когда Мортье понял, что перед ним вся союзная армия, было принято решение отступать. Союзники пытались уничтожить дивизию Газана, обойдя её с тыла, что не удалось из-за подхода другой дивизии корпуса. В итоге Мортье отступил, при этом потеряв около 40 % дивизии Газана, но сохранив корпус. Потери союзников тоже были велики, они отбросили Мортье, но не смогли уничтожить его корпус. После боя и Кутузов, и Мортье доложили о свой победе, что отражено и в последующих оценках битвы — во французской и английской историографии принято мнение о победе французов, в русской, австрийской и немецкой — о победе союзников. Русская армия продолжила отступление, в то время, как корпус Мортье активных действий в ходе кампании уже не предпринимал. (ru) 迪恩施泰因之战（德語：Schlacht bei Dürnstein，迪恩施泰因又被称为Dürrenstein、Dürnstein和Diernstein），此役发生于1805年11月11日，属于拿破仑战争中第三次反法同盟战役的一部分。迪恩施泰因位于奥地利的瓦豪河谷，在维也纳上游73公里的多瑙河畔。多瑙河在迪恩施泰因和附近的多瑙河畔克雷姆斯之间形成了一个新月形的弧线。此役中的战斗于河流和山脉之间的洪泛平原上进行。 在迪恩施泰因，俄奥联军困住了由指挥的一个法军师级战斗单位。加赞的师是新成立的第8军团的一部分，第8军团又称为莫蒂埃军团，得名于军团长爱德华·莫蒂埃元帅。在追击从巴伐利亚撤退的奥地利军队的过程中，莫蒂埃过度扩展了他在多瑙河北岸的三个师的阵线。俄奥联军指挥官米哈伊尔·库图佐夫（Mikhail Kutuzov）诱使莫蒂埃将加赞的师送入陷阱，以至于法军被困在两个俄军纵队之间的山谷中。法军由指挥的师及时赶到并开展营救行动，战斗一直持续到深夜。最终，战斗双方都宣告胜利，法军于此役中失去了三分之一以上的参战人员，其中加赞的师减员达到百分之四十。奥地利军队和俄罗斯军队也损失惨重，两军参战的单位损失接近百分之十六，但也许在此役中最重要的是约翰·海因里希·冯·施密特的阵亡，施密特是奥地利最有能力的参谋长之一。 这场战斗是在一支奥地利军队在乌尔姆之战中向法军投降后的第三周和俄奥联军在奥斯特利茨战役中战败的前三周进行的。在奥斯特利茨战役之后，奥地利退出了反法同盟。法国在战后向奥地利索要高额赔款，神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世宣布退位，并解散了神圣罗马帝国。 (zh) |
| dbo:causalties | ~5,000 killed, wounded, captured |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Honoré_Théodore_Maxime_Gazan_de_la_Peyrière dbr:Dmitry_Dokhturov dbr:Johann_Heinrich_von_Schmitt dbr:Pierre_Dupont_de_l'Étang dbr:Mikhail_Kutuzov dbr:Mikhail_Miloradovich dbr:Édouard_Mortier |
| dbo:date | 1805-11-11 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:War_of_the_Third_Coalition |
| dbo:place | dbr:Austrian_Empire dbr:Wachau dbr:Dürnstein |
| dbo:result | Inconclusive |
| dbo:strength | ~14,000 (at end) ~24,000 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Battle_of_Durenstein.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:caption | Marshal Mortier at the battle of Durenstein in 1805, Auguste Sandoz (en) |
| dbp:casualties | ~5,000 killed and wounded (en) ~5,000 killed, wounded, captured (en) |
| dbp:commander | (en) Dmitry Dokhturov (en) Johann Schmitt (en) Mikhail Kutuzov (en) Mikhail Miloradovich (en) Pierre de l'Étang (en) Théodore Gazan (en) Édouard Mortier (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Battle of Dürenstein (en) |
| dbp:curr | Battle of Dürenstein (en) |
| dbp:date | 1805-11-11 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:labelColor | black (en) maroon (en) |
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| dbp:place | dbr:Austrian_Empire dbr:Wachau dbr:Dürnstein |
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| dbp:result | Inconclusive (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La bataille de Dürenstein (aussi connue sous le nom de bataille de Dürrenstein ou bataille de Dürnstein) est un combat de la période du Premier Empire pendant la Troisième Coalition. Elle s'est déroulée le 11 novembre 1805, trois semaines après la bataille d'Ulm et trois semaines avant la bataille d'Austerlitz. Les troupes françaises commandées par le maréchal Édouard Mortier s'opposent à des forces russes beaucoup plus nombreuses commandés par le feld-maréchal Mikhaïl Illarionovitch Golenichtchev-Koutouzov. La bataille s'est déroulée près de la ville de Dürenstein (aujourd'hui Dürnstein) dans la vallée du Wachau en Autriche, près du Danube, à proximité du lieu où Richard Cœur-de-Lion fut retenu captif. (fr) La battaglia di Dürenstein è uno scontro militare combattutasi nel 1805 tra l'esercito francese e quello russo. (it) Die Schlacht bei Dürnstein (auch bekannt als Schlacht bei Loiben) war eine Schlacht des Dritten Koalitionskrieges der Napoleonischen Kriege. Sie fand am 11. November 1805 (drei Wochen nach der Schlacht von Ulm und drei Wochen vor der Schlacht bei Austerlitz) in Loiben (heute Teil von Dürnstein in der Wachau) statt. Schlacht von Dürnstein Teil von: Dritter Koalitionskrieg Dritter Koalitionskrieg (1805) (de) The Battle of Dürenstein (German: Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition. Dürenstein (modern Dürnstein), Austria, is located in the Wachau valley, on the river Danube, 73 kilometers (45 mi) upstream from Vienna, Austria. The river makes a crescent-shaped curve between Dürnstein and nearby Krems an der Donau, and the battle was fought in the flood plain between the river and the mountains. (en) La batalla de Dürenstein (en alemán, Schlacht bei Dürnstein; también conocida como Dürrenstein, Dürnstein y Diernstein) fue un enfrentamiento sucedido el 11 de noviembre de 1805, en el marco de las guerras napoleónicas durante la guerra de la Tercera Coalición. Dürenstein (hoy en día Dürnstein) se encuentra en el valle de Wachau, en el río Danubio, a 73 kilómetros aguas arriba de Viena, Austria. El río hace una curva en forma de media luna entre Dürnstein y Krems an der Donau, y la batalla se libró en la llanura de inundación entre el río y las montañas. (es) Pertempuran Dürenstein (juga dikenal dengan nama Pertempuran Dürrenstein, Pertempuran Dürnstein dan Pertempuran Diernstein; bahasa Jerman: Gefecht bei Dürrenstein) adalah pertempuran yang meletus pada tanggal 11 November 1805 selama Perang Koalisi Ketiga. Dürenstein (kini ) terletak di di Sungai Donau, kurang lebih 73 km dari kota Wina, Austria. Sungai yang mengalir di antara Dürnstein dan Krems an der Donau berbentuk sabit dan pertempuran ini meletus di dataran banjir di antara sungai dan pegunungan. (in) A Batalha de Dürenstein (também conhecida como Batalha de Dürrenstein, Batalha de Dürnstein, Batalha de Diernstein e, na Alemanha, Gefecht bei Dürrenstein), foi uma batalha que teve lugar em Dürenstein, a 11 de Novembro de 1805, durante as Guerras Napoleónicas. Dürenstein (actual Dürnstein), fica no vale de Wachau, rio Danúbio, a 73 km de Viena, na Áustria. O rio apresenta uma curva em forma de crescente, entre Dürnstein e Krems an der Donau, e a batalha teve lugar na planície inundada entre o rio e as montanhas. (pt) Сражение при Кремсе чаще в русской историографии, в западной — битва при Дюренштейне (фр. Bataille de Dürenstein, нем. Schlacht von Dürnstein) — бой между французской и союзной русско-австрийской армиями, состоявшийся 30 октября (11 ноября) 1805 года возле австрийских городов Дюренштейн и Кремс в ходе Наполеона. Русская армия продолжила отступление, в то время, как корпус Мортье активных действий в ходе кампании уже не предпринимал. (ru) 迪恩施泰因之战（德語：Schlacht bei Dürnstein，迪恩施泰因又被称为Dürrenstein、Dürnstein和Diernstein），此役发生于1805年11月11日，属于拿破仑战争中第三次反法同盟战役的一部分。迪恩施泰因位于奥地利的瓦豪河谷，在维也纳上游73公里的多瑙河畔。多瑙河在迪恩施泰因和附近的多瑙河畔克雷姆斯之间形成了一个新月形的弧线。此役中的战斗于河流和山脉之间的洪泛平原上进行。 在迪恩施泰因，俄奥联军困住了由指挥的一个法军师级战斗单位。加赞的师是新成立的第8军团的一部分，第8军团又称为莫蒂埃军团，得名于军团长爱德华·莫蒂埃元帅。在追击从巴伐利亚撤退的奥地利军队的过程中，莫蒂埃过度扩展了他在多瑙河北岸的三个师的阵线。俄奥联军指挥官米哈伊尔·库图佐夫（Mikhail Kutuzov）诱使莫蒂埃将加赞的师送入陷阱，以至于法军被困在两个俄军纵队之间的山谷中。法军由指挥的师及时赶到并开展营救行动，战斗一直持续到深夜。最终，战斗双方都宣告胜利，法军于此役中失去了三分之一以上的参战人员，其中加赞的师减员达到百分之四十。奥地利军队和俄罗斯军队也损失惨重，两军参战的单位损失接近百分之十六，但也许在此役中最重要的是约翰·海因里希·冯·施密特的阵亡，施密特是奥地利最有能力的参谋长之一。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of Dürenstein (en) Schlacht bei Dürnstein (de) Batalla de Dürenstein (es) Pertempuran Dürenstein (in) Bataille de Dürenstein (fr) Battaglia di Dürenstein (it) Batalha de Dürenstein (pt) Сражение при Кремсе (ru) 迪恩施泰因之战 (zh) |
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