Battle of Edgehill (original) (raw)
Bitva u Edgehill byla první pravidelná bitva Anglické občanské války. Odehrála se 23. října 1642 nedaleko Edge Hill a Kinetonu v jižním Warwickshire. Nerozhodný výsledek neumožnil dosáhnout rychlého vítězství ve válce, která trvala ještě další čtyři roky.
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| dbo:abstract | Bitva u Edgehill byla první pravidelná bitva Anglické občanské války. Odehrála se 23. října 1642 nedaleko Edge Hill a Kinetonu v jižním Warwickshire. Nerozhodný výsledek neumožnil dosáhnout rychlého vítězství ve válce, která trvala ještě další čtyři roky. (cs) معركة إيدجهيل (أو إيدج هيل): هي معركة ضارية في الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية الأولى. وقعت بالقرب من إيدج هيل وكينيتن في جنوب وارويكشاير يوم الأحد، 23 أكتوبر 1642. انهارت جميع محاولات التسوية الدستورية بين الملك تشارلز والبرلمان في وقت مبكر من عام 1642. حشد كل من الملك والبرلمان جيوشًا كبيرةً لشق طريقهما بقوة السلاح. قرر الملك في أكتوبر، أثناء وجوده في قاعدته المؤقتة بالقرب من شروزبري، الزحف نحو لندن من أجل فرض مواجهة حاسمة مع جيش البرلمان الرئيس الذي قاده إيرل إسكس. في وقت متأخر من 22 أكتوبر، لاحظ كلا الجيشان اقتراب العدو بشكل غير متوقع. نزل الجيش الملكي في اليوم التالي من إيدج هيل لفرض معركة على خصمه إذ شن الملكيون هجومهم بعد أن فتحت المدفعية البرلمانية نيرانها. تألف كلا الجيشان من قوات عديمة الخبرة وغير مجهزة في بعض الأحيان. هرب العديد من الرجال من الجانبين أو سقطوا أثناء نهبهم حقائب العدو، ولم يتمكن أي من الجيشين من الحصول على أفضلية حاسمة. استأنف الملك زحفه إلى لندن بعد المعركة، لكنه لم يكن قويًا بما فيه يكفي للتغلب على الميليشيات المدافعة قبل وصول تعزيزات جيش إسكس. حالت النتيجة غير الحاسمة لمعركة إيدجهيل دون حصول أي فصيل على نصر سريع في الحرب التي استمرت في النهاية أربع سنوات. (ar) The Battle of Edgehill (or Edge Hill) was a pitched battle of the First English Civil War. It was fought near Edge Hill and Kineton in southern Warwickshire on Sunday, 23 October 1642. All attempts at constitutional compromise between King Charles and Parliament broke down early in 1642. Both the King and Parliament raised large armies to gain their way by force of arms. In October, at his temporary base near Shrewsbury, the King decided to march to London in order to force a decisive confrontation with Parliament's main army, commanded by the Earl of Essex. Late on 22 October, both armies unexpectedly found the enemy to be close by. The next day, the Royalist army descended from Edge Hill to force battle. After the Parliamentarian artillery opened a cannonade, the Royalists attacked. Both armies consisted mostly of inexperienced and sometimes ill-equipped troops. Many men from both sides fled or fell out to loot enemy baggage, and neither army was able to gain a decisive advantage. After the battle, the King resumed his march on London, but was not strong enough to overcome the defending militia before Essex's army could reinforce them. The inconclusive result of the Battle of Edgehill prevented either faction from gaining a quick victory in the war, which eventually lasted four years. (en) Schlacht bei Edgehill Teil von: Englischer Bürgerkrieg Karte der Schlachtaufstellung Die Schlacht von Edgehill (oder Edge Hill) war die erste Feldschlacht des Englischen Bürgerkrieges. Die Schlacht wurde am 23. Oktober 1642 in der Nähe des Edge Hill bei ausgetragen, das im Süden von Warwickshire liegt. Der Ausgang der Schlacht war für beide Seiten unentschieden und nahm den Royalisten die Möglichkeit, auf London zu marschieren und dadurch einen schnellen Sieg über die Parlamentarier zu erringen. Die Folge war, dass der Bürgerkrieg in England noch mehrere Jahre andauern sollte. (de) La Batalla de Edgehill fue la primera batalla importante de la Primera guerra civil inglesa. Tuvo lugar cerca de Kineton en Warwickshire, el 23 de octubre de 1642. El resultado fue la victoria de las tropas parlamentaristas al mando del Conde de Essex sobre las tropas realistas de Carlos I de Inglaterra comandadas por el príncipe Ruperto del Rin, el resultado de la batalla imposibilitó a los realistas tomar Londres y así asegurarse una victoria rápida sobre los Parlamentarios. A partir de esta batalla se iniciaron tres años de guerra civil. (es) La bataille de Edgehill est la première bataille rangée de la Première guerre civile anglaise. Elle a lieu près de Kineton dans le Warwickshire, le 23 octobre 1642. Son issue est indécise et ne permet pas aux royalistes de prendre Londres et ainsi de s'assurer une victoire rapide sur les parlementaires. Avec cette bataille commencent trois ans de guerre civile. (fr) de Chéad Chogadh Cathartha Shasana ba ea Cath Edgehill (nó Edge Hill ). Troideadh é in aice le Edge Hill agus Kineton, i ndeisceart Warwickshire, Dé Domhnaigh, 23 Deireadh Fómhair, 1642. Briseadh síos gach iarracht ar chomhréiteach bunreachtúil idir an Rí Séarlas agus an Pharlaimint go luath i 1642. Chruinnigh an Rí agus an arm mór chun a mbealach a dhéanamh le fórsa arm. I mí Dheireadh Fómhair, ag a bhunáit shealadach in aice leis Shrewsbury, bheartaigh an Rí máirseáil go Londain d’fhonn troid chinntitheach a chur i bhfeidhm le príomh-arm na Parlaiminte, faoi cheannas Iarla Essex. Go déanach an 22 Deireadh Fómhair, fuair an dá arm gan choinne go raibh an namhaid cóngarach. An lá dár gcionn, tháinig an t-arm Ríogaí ó Edge Hill chun cath a chur i bhfeidhm. Tar éis d'fhórsaí na Parlaiminte ionsaí airtléire a dhéanamh, rinne na Ríoga ionsaí orthu. Is éard a bhí sa dá arm den chuid is mó na trúpaí gan taithí agus uaireanta feistithe go dona. Theith go leor fir ón dá thaobh nó d'imigh siad i mbun bagáiste a namhaid a scriosadh, agus ní raibh ceachtar arm in ann buntáiste cinntitheach a fháil. Tar éis an chatha, d’athchrom an Rí ar a mháirseáil ar Londain, ach ní raibh sé láidir go leor chun an mhílíste cosanta a shárú sula bhféadfadh arm Essex iad a threisiú. Chuir toradh neamhchinniúnach Chath Edgehill cosc ar cheachtar den dá thaobh bua tapa a fháil sa chogadh, a mhair ceithre bliana sa deireadh. (ga) La battaglia di Edgehill ebbe luogo il 23 ottobre 1642 presso , nella regione inglese del Warwickshire e fu parte delle battaglie combattute in territorio inglese durante la guerra civile. L'esercito parlamentare si scontrò con l'esercito del re, comandato da Carlo I in persona e dal principe Rupert, figlio dell'elettore Federico V. L'esercito reale e parlamentare, non ancora riformato secondo il new model army, erano composti principalmente con moschettieri al centro (1 colpo ogni 30 secondi) e picchieri posti a difesa contro la cavalleria. Oliver Cromwell non partecipò allo scontro perché non arrivò in tempo insieme alle sue truppe. In quell'occasione Oliver Cromwell indicò la cavalleria parlamentare come mal preparata e disorganizzata e in effetti essa andò in rotta non appena la cavalleria realista iniziò la carica. L'artiglieria di piccolo calibro posta al centro aveva più un valore aggiunto sul morale delle truppe alleate e di sconforto su quelle nemiche. Inoltre l'artiglieria realista era in posizione elevata ma si trovò a sparare verso un terreno morbido che ne arrestava la forza di impatto dei colpi. L'artiglieria parlamentare sparando su un terreno più compatto pur non avendo questo problema non riuscì a creare un varco decisivo nelle file nemiche. Inoltre la cavalleria realista una volta vinto lo scontro con le ali della cavalleria parlamentare continuò la corsa per attaccare le salmerie e l'accampamento nemico abbandonando il campo di battaglia lasciando soli i 10000 fanti realisti contro i 7000-8000 fanti parlamentari. La motivazione dei fanti parlamentari era alta e nonostante la diserzione di alcuni di loro grazie a un reggimento di riserva composto di picchieri riuscirono a bloccare l'attacco realista supportati dai moschettieri e dall'artiglieria. La situazione di stallo tra le fanterie si ruppe quando i cavalieri di riserva parlamentari si raggrupparono lanciandosi in carica contro i realisti al centro dello schieramento. Parte del centro realista andò in rotta ma il resto della fanteria rimase disciplinata e compatta continuando lo scontro. In seguito parte della cavalleria realista tornò indietro sul campo di battaglia ma oramai i cavalli stanchi ed esausti non riuscirono a rappresentare un valore aggiunto. Visto l'arrivo della cavalleria realista il comandante parlamentare ordinò un progressivo disimpegno delle forze dal campo di battaglia. Con il passare del tempo esausti e stanchi e con il calar della notte le truppe si allontanarono concludendo il tutto con più di un migliaio di morti per parte e un nulla di fatto. (it) エッジヒルの戦い（Battle of Edge Hill）は、1642年10月23日に起こった清教徒革命のイングランド内戦（第一次イングランド内戦）における最初の戦闘である。戦死者は両軍あわせて4000人といわれる。 (ja) Bitwa pod Edgehill (lub Edge Hill) – starcie zbrojne, które miało miejsce 23 października 1642 podczas angielskiej wojny domowej (1642–1651). Bitwa stoczona koło Kineton w południowym Warwickshire była pierwszą pozycyjną bitwą w angielskiej wojnie domowej. Bitwę wygrali Rojaliści, jednak nadmierna ostrożność króla Karola I nie pozwoliła ruszyć natychmiast na Londyn i osiągnąć szybkie zwycięstwo nad Parlamentem. Doprowadziło to do trwającej 3 lata wojny domowej. (pl) Битва при Эджхилле (англ. Battle of Edgehill) (23 октября 1642) — первое сражение английской Гражданской войны между «круглоголовыми» (граф Эссекс) и «кавалерами» (принц Руперт) за контроль над Оксфордом — резиденцией короля Карла I. Армия круглоголовых выступила 9 сентября и первоначально насчитывала до 20 тысяч человек, часть которых впоследствии дезертировала. С обеих сторон участвовало по 14 тысяч человек. Первыми атаковали кавалеры принца Руперта. Сражение завершилось победой «кавалеров», которые впоследствии предприняли контратаку на Лондон. Ход битвы показан в британском фильме Кромвель (1970). (ru) Slaget vid Edgehill (engelska: Battle of Edgehill) var det första större slaget i det engelska inbördeskriget. Slaget utkämpades vid byn Kineton i Warwickshire den 23 oktober 1642. Slaget gav inget klart utfall vilket gjorde att inbördeskriget i England fortsatte i ytterligare fyra år. Kung Karl I ledde själv de rojalistiska styrkorna med hjälp av prins Rupert. Parlamentets trupp leddes av greven av Essex, Robert Devereux. Slaget börjar på eftermiddagen med en artilleriduell som varade en timmes tid. Prins Rupert gjorde därefter en kavallerichock som fick många av parlamentets trupper att byta sida. Kavalleriangreppet skapade en klyfta i parlamentets infanteri. Detta ledde till att parlamentets infanteri började ta till flykten. Rojalisterna förföljde parlamentets trupper, vilket var ett misstag eftersom man då lämnade sina egna trupper utan stöd. Parlamentets kavalleri gjorde då motsvarande chock mot rojalisternas trupper som emellertid hann omgruppera. Vid mörkrets inbrott drog sig båda sidor tillbaka. Dagen efter var ingendera sidan villig att ta upp striden igen utan man marscherade åt varsitt håll. (sv) |
| dbo:causalties | 1,500 wounded 500 killed |
| dbo:combatant | Royalists 22pxParliamentarians |
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| dbo:date | 1642-10-23 (xsd:date) |
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| dbo:place | dbr:Edge_Hill,_Warwickshire |
| dbo:result | Inconclusive |
| dbo:strength | 1,000 Dragoons 11,000 foot 12,000 foot 2,000 horse 20 guns 3,000 horse 30 guns 700 Dragoons |
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| dbp:caption | The Prince of Wales and the Duke of York sheltering during the Battle of Edgehill (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 500 (xsd:integer) 1500 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatant | 22 (xsd:integer) Royalists (en) |
| dbp:commander | 22 (xsd:integer) (en) Prince Rupert (en) Charles I (en) Earl of Forth (en) Lord Astley (en) Lord Grandison (en) Lord Lindsey (en) Lord Wilmot (en) Sir John Byron (en) |
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| dbp:mapLabel | Battle of Edge Hill (en) |
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| dbp:partof | the First English Civil War (en) |
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| dbp:result | Inconclusive (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Bitva u Edgehill byla první pravidelná bitva Anglické občanské války. Odehrála se 23. října 1642 nedaleko Edge Hill a Kinetonu v jižním Warwickshire. Nerozhodný výsledek neumožnil dosáhnout rychlého vítězství ve válce, která trvala ještě další čtyři roky. (cs) Schlacht bei Edgehill Teil von: Englischer Bürgerkrieg Karte der Schlachtaufstellung Die Schlacht von Edgehill (oder Edge Hill) war die erste Feldschlacht des Englischen Bürgerkrieges. Die Schlacht wurde am 23. Oktober 1642 in der Nähe des Edge Hill bei ausgetragen, das im Süden von Warwickshire liegt. Der Ausgang der Schlacht war für beide Seiten unentschieden und nahm den Royalisten die Möglichkeit, auf London zu marschieren und dadurch einen schnellen Sieg über die Parlamentarier zu erringen. Die Folge war, dass der Bürgerkrieg in England noch mehrere Jahre andauern sollte. (de) La Batalla de Edgehill fue la primera batalla importante de la Primera guerra civil inglesa. Tuvo lugar cerca de Kineton en Warwickshire, el 23 de octubre de 1642. El resultado fue la victoria de las tropas parlamentaristas al mando del Conde de Essex sobre las tropas realistas de Carlos I de Inglaterra comandadas por el príncipe Ruperto del Rin, el resultado de la batalla imposibilitó a los realistas tomar Londres y así asegurarse una victoria rápida sobre los Parlamentarios. A partir de esta batalla se iniciaron tres años de guerra civil. (es) La bataille de Edgehill est la première bataille rangée de la Première guerre civile anglaise. Elle a lieu près de Kineton dans le Warwickshire, le 23 octobre 1642. Son issue est indécise et ne permet pas aux royalistes de prendre Londres et ainsi de s'assurer une victoire rapide sur les parlementaires. Avec cette bataille commencent trois ans de guerre civile. (fr) エッジヒルの戦い（Battle of Edge Hill）は、1642年10月23日に起こった清教徒革命のイングランド内戦（第一次イングランド内戦）における最初の戦闘である。戦死者は両軍あわせて4000人といわれる。 (ja) Bitwa pod Edgehill (lub Edge Hill) – starcie zbrojne, które miało miejsce 23 października 1642 podczas angielskiej wojny domowej (1642–1651). Bitwa stoczona koło Kineton w południowym Warwickshire była pierwszą pozycyjną bitwą w angielskiej wojnie domowej. Bitwę wygrali Rojaliści, jednak nadmierna ostrożność króla Karola I nie pozwoliła ruszyć natychmiast na Londyn i osiągnąć szybkie zwycięstwo nad Parlamentem. Doprowadziło to do trwającej 3 lata wojny domowej. (pl) معركة إيدجهيل (أو إيدج هيل): هي معركة ضارية في الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية الأولى. وقعت بالقرب من إيدج هيل وكينيتن في جنوب وارويكشاير يوم الأحد، 23 أكتوبر 1642. انهارت جميع محاولات التسوية الدستورية بين الملك تشارلز والبرلمان في وقت مبكر من عام 1642. حشد كل من الملك والبرلمان جيوشًا كبيرةً لشق طريقهما بقوة السلاح. قرر الملك في أكتوبر، أثناء وجوده في قاعدته المؤقتة بالقرب من شروزبري، الزحف نحو لندن من أجل فرض مواجهة حاسمة مع جيش البرلمان الرئيس الذي قاده إيرل إسكس. (ar) The Battle of Edgehill (or Edge Hill) was a pitched battle of the First English Civil War. It was fought near Edge Hill and Kineton in southern Warwickshire on Sunday, 23 October 1642. All attempts at constitutional compromise between King Charles and Parliament broke down early in 1642. Both the King and Parliament raised large armies to gain their way by force of arms. In October, at his temporary base near Shrewsbury, the King decided to march to London in order to force a decisive confrontation with Parliament's main army, commanded by the Earl of Essex. (en) de Chéad Chogadh Cathartha Shasana ba ea Cath Edgehill (nó Edge Hill ). Troideadh é in aice le Edge Hill agus Kineton, i ndeisceart Warwickshire, Dé Domhnaigh, 23 Deireadh Fómhair, 1642. Briseadh síos gach iarracht ar chomhréiteach bunreachtúil idir an Rí Séarlas agus an Pharlaimint go luath i 1642. Chruinnigh an Rí agus an arm mór chun a mbealach a dhéanamh le fórsa arm. I mí Dheireadh Fómhair, ag a bhunáit shealadach in aice leis Shrewsbury, bheartaigh an Rí máirseáil go Londain d’fhonn troid chinntitheach a chur i bhfeidhm le príomh-arm na Parlaiminte, faoi cheannas Iarla Essex. (ga) La battaglia di Edgehill ebbe luogo il 23 ottobre 1642 presso , nella regione inglese del Warwickshire e fu parte delle battaglie combattute in territorio inglese durante la guerra civile. L'esercito parlamentare si scontrò con l'esercito del re, comandato da Carlo I in persona e dal principe Rupert, figlio dell'elettore Federico V. (it) Битва при Эджхилле (англ. Battle of Edgehill) (23 октября 1642) — первое сражение английской Гражданской войны между «круглоголовыми» (граф Эссекс) и «кавалерами» (принц Руперт) за контроль над Оксфордом — резиденцией короля Карла I. Армия круглоголовых выступила 9 сентября и первоначально насчитывала до 20 тысяч человек, часть которых впоследствии дезертировала. С обеих сторон участвовало по 14 тысяч человек. Первыми атаковали кавалеры принца Руперта. Сражение завершилось победой «кавалеров», которые впоследствии предприняли контратаку на Лондон. (ru) Slaget vid Edgehill (engelska: Battle of Edgehill) var det första större slaget i det engelska inbördeskriget. Slaget utkämpades vid byn Kineton i Warwickshire den 23 oktober 1642. Slaget gav inget klart utfall vilket gjorde att inbördeskriget i England fortsatte i ytterligare fyra år. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of Edgehill (en) معركة إيدجهيل (ar) Bitva u Edgehill (cs) Schlacht bei Edgehill (de) Batalla de Edgehill (es) Cath Edgehill (ga) Battaglia di Edgehill (it) Bataille d'Edgehill (fr) エッジヒルの戦い (ja) Bitwa pod Edgehill (pl) Битва при Эджхилле (ru) Slaget vid Edgehill (sv) |
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