| dbo:abstract |
برايتون أند هوف هي مدينة تقع على ساحل القنال الإنجليزي في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، يوجد فيها مخزون كبير ومتنوع من المباني التي «لا مثيل لها من الناحية المعمارية» ضمن المنتجعات الساحلية في البلاد. تتكون المنطقة الحضرية التي حُددت بكونها مدينة في عام 2000، من مدينتي برايتون وهوف اللتان كانتا منفصلتين سابقًا، والقرى المجاورة مثل بورتسليد وباتشام وروتينغدين، ومناطق من القرن العشرين مثل مولسيكومب ومايل أوك. وُحدت هذه التجمعات السكنية لأول مرة في عام 1997 كسلطة مركزية يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 253000 نسمة. صُنفت نحو نصف المساحة الجغرافية البالغة 20.430 فدانًا (8.270 هكتار) على أنها مساحة مبنية. تزامن تحول برايتون من كونها صيد في العصور الوسطى إلى منتجع صحي ومنتجع ترفيهي، برعاية من الملوك والمجتمع الراقي، مع تطور عمارة الريجنسي والحياة المهنية للمعماريين الثلاثة الذين ميز عملهم الواجهة البحرية البالغ طولها 4 أميال (6.4 كم). تطورت قرية هوف المنفصلة سابقًا كمنطقة سكنية مريحة من الطبقة المتوسطة «تحت قشرة كثيفة من الاحترام (الفيكتوري) في الضواحي»، إذ انتشرت المنازل الكبيرة بسرعة عبر الحقول المحيطة خلال أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، على الرغم من مناطق الطبقة العليا وبرونزويك الراقية والناجحة كانت نتاج عهد الوصاية. أصبحت القرى القديمة مثل بورتسليد وروتينغدين وأوفينغدين وباتشام، مع الكنائس القديمة والمزارع والأكواخ صغيرة من الصوان، عبارة عن ضواحي مع نمو المدينتين واندماجهما، وخُلقت «برايتون الكبرى» في عام 1928، مما جلب إلى المناطق الحضرية مساحات مفتوحة الأراضي، استُخدمت فيما بعد للإسكان والمناطق الصناعية. فُقدت العديد من المباني في الستينيات والسبعينيات من القرن العشرين، عندما شجعت أهمية برايتون الإقليمية المتزايدة على إعادة التطوير، لكن حركات الحفاظ كانت مؤثرة في إنقاذ المباني الأخرى. يتكون جزء كبير من البيئة المبنية في المدينة من مبان تعود لعصر الوصاية والعصرين الفيكتوري والإدواردي. يتميز أسلوب الريجنسي، وهو الأسلوب النموذجي في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر وأوائل القرن التاسع عشر، بتصميمات خارجية شاحبة من الجص مع قوالب بالأسلوب الكلاسيكي ونوافذ كبيرة. امتلكت حتى المنازل المتواضعة المكونة من طابقين مع شرفات والتي تنتشر بسرعة عبر المناطق شديدة الانحدار في منتصف القرن التاسع عشر، بعضًا من عناصر هذا الأسلوب. يعرض التطوير الشامل للضواحي في هوف وشمال برايتون في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل القرن العشرين السمات المعمارية المميزة لتلك العصور، مع التركيز على أعمال البناء بالطوب والجملونات. تتراوح تطورات ما بعد الحرب من الهياكل التجارية والمدنية الوحشية إلى محاكاة للأساليب القديمة. أصبحت تقاليد البناء المستدامة شائعة بالنسبة للمنازل الفردية وعلى نطاق أوسع، كما هو الحال في مشروع تطوير الأراضي الملوثة في حي نيو إنغلاند المخطط له منذ فترة طويلة. اعترفت الحكومة المحلية والوطنية بالتراث المعماري للمدينة من خلال تحديد حالة المباني المدرجة وحالة مناطق الحفظ إلى العديد من التطورات. أُنشئت 34 منطقة محمية منذ عام 1969، تغطي مختلف الأحجام والعصور، وقد أُدرج أكثر من 1200 مبنى بسبب «أهميتها المعمارية أو التاريخية الخاصة». (ar) Brighton and Hove, a city on the English Channel coast in southeast England, has a large and diverse stock of buildings "unrivalled architecturally" among the country's seaside resorts. The urban area, designated a city in 2000, is made up of the formerly separate towns of Brighton and Hove, nearby villages such as Portslade, Patcham and Rottingdean, and 20th-century estates such as Moulsecoomb and Mile Oak. The conurbation was first united in 1997 as a unitary authority and has a population of about 253,000. About half of the 20,430-acre (8,270 ha) geographical area is classed as built up. Brighton's transformation from medieval fishing village into spa town and pleasure resort, patronised by royalty and fashionable high society, coincided with the development of Regency architecture and the careers of three architects whose work came to characterise the 4-mile (6.4 km) seafront. The previously separate village of Hove developed as a comfortable middle-class residential area "under a heavy veneer of [Victorian] suburban respectability": large houses spread rapidly across the surrounding fields during the late 19th century, although the high-class and successful Brunswick estate was a product of the Regency era. Old villages such as Portslade, Rottingdean, Ovingdean and Patcham, with ancient churches, farms and small flint cottages, became suburbanised as the two towns grew and merged, and the creation of "Greater Brighton" in 1928 brought into the urban area swathes of open land which were then used for housing and industrial estates. Many buildings were lost in the 1960s and 1970s, when Brighton's increasing regional importance encouraged redevelopment, but conservation movements were influential in saving other buildings. Much of the city's built environment is composed of buildings of the Regency, Victorian and Edwardian eras. The Regency style, typical of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, is characterised by pale stuccoed exteriors with Classical-style mouldings and bay windows. Even the modest two-storey terraced houses which spread rapidly across the steeply sloping landscape in the mid-19th century display some elements of this style. Extensive suburban development in Hove and the north of Brighton in the late 19th and early 20th century displays architectural features characteristic of those eras, with an emphasis on decorative brickwork and gables. Postwar developments range from Brutalist commercial and civic structures to pastiches of earlier styles. Sustainable building techniques have become popular for individual houses and on a larger scale, such as at the long-planned New England Quarter brownfield development. Local and national government have recognised the city's architectural heritage through the designation of listed building and conservation area status to many developments. Since 1969, 34 conservation areas have been created, covering areas of various sizes and eras; and more than 1,200 structures have listed status based on their "special architectural or historic interest". (en) 布萊頓-霍夫，在英吉利海峽海岸东南部的英国城市，在该国的海濱渡假勝地間拥有具"无与伦比的建築性"特色，庞大而多样化的建筑。 在市區，於2000年被指定為一个城市，由以前分開单独的兩個城镇布莱顿和霍夫，以及附近的村庄，如（Portslade）, （Patcham）和 ，以及20世纪的地产如（Moulsecoomb）和（Mile Oak）所組成。 這個集合城市在1997年第一次以一個单一統一起來，並拥有人口约253,000。 大约一半的 20,430-英畝（8,270-公頃） 地理区域被划建立起市区。 布莱顿从中世纪的渔村轉變為温泉镇和旅遊度假勝地，因皇室和時尚的上層階級光顧，帶動了摄政時期風格建築和三位建築師的職業發展，他們的工作來自四海浬（6.4公里）的海濱。 儘管高級份子和成功的地產是攝政時代的一个产物，先前原分开的村庄霍夫，則开发为一个「在（維多利亞時期）郊區沉重的表面尊嚴下」舒适的中产阶级居住区: 大房子迅速從19世紀末起蔓延周围的田野。 旧的村庄，如、、（Ovingdean）和，有古老的教堂、农场和小石屋，隨著布莱顿和霍夫兩個城鎮的成長和合併，他們變得郊區化了，且隨著1928年"大布萊頓"的建立，為市區引進開放土地，被用於住房和工業用地。 许多建筑物在1960年代和1970年代消失，當因布萊頓地區的重要性鼓勵重建時，保護運動對於拯救其他建築物也是有影響力的。 城市的大多建築環境是由攝政時期、維多利亞時期和愛德華時代的建築组成。 攝政時期风格，是典型的18世纪晚期和19世纪早期，特点是由淺灰泥粉刷外牆搭配古典风格的和凸窗. 即使是在十九世紀中期，陡峭的斜坡上散佈著樸素兩層的露台房屋，也展示了這種風格的一些元素。在十九世紀末和二十世紀初期，霍夫和布萊頓北部廣泛的郊區發展，展現了強調裝飾磚和山牆，這些時代特徵的建築特色。战后的发展范围从野兽派的商业建築和民间结构到早期風格的塑造。 可持续建筑技术 已经成为流行，用于个人住房，並用在更大的规模上，例如已长期计划的新英格蘭區（New England Quarter）污染土地发展。 地方和国家政府已透過指定登錄建筑物和保护区狀況等各種發展认识到此城市的建筑遗产。 自1969年以来，已建立34个保护区，涵盖各种各样的大小和年代的區域；以及超過1200多个建築根據其"特殊的建筑性或历史性利益"被登錄。 (zh) |
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. (en) A long, low brick and concrete building with a large curved-roofed wing to the right (en) An almost windowless brick building made up of several circular sections of various sizes (en) Panorama of the eastern side of Brighton seafront (en) A low red-brick building whose off-centred entrance is dominated by two tall vertical concrete fins (en) |
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April 2013 panorama of the eastern side of Brighton seafront. Bring up the full-size image by clicking here; then explore using a mouse cursor and click on buildings and other features to go to their Wikipedia article or a close-up picture. (en) |
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1960.0 (dbd:second) Basil Spence's buildings at the University of Sussex include Falmer House, Arts Building A and the Gardner Arts Centre . (en) Pictured left to right: The Duke of York's Picture House has been in continuous use since 1910; the Odeon Kingswest Cinema opened in 1973; but the Granada in Aldrington was demolished in 2012. (en) Graeme Highet and Clayton & Black designed Brighton's and Hove's fire stations in 1938 and 1929 respectively. (en) Pictured left to right: Postwar libraries include Hollingbury, Portslade and Woodingdean . (en) Regency Square and the London Road viaduct are examples of Grade II*-listed buildings. (en) Thomas Simpson's board schools include those at Rugby Road, Elm Grove and Preston Road . (en) Ornate shelters and kiosks characterise Brighton and Hove seafront. Below the East Cliff runs a two-storey colonnade with a pagoda-roofed lift. (en) Grade I listed buildings in Brighton and Hove include Brunswick Terrace and the ruined West Pier. (en) The former French and Police Convalescent Homes are now flats and a nursing home respectively. (en) |
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33 (xsd:integer) Portslade Library, Old Shoreham Road, Portslade .JPG (en) Former Granada Cinema , Portland Road, Aldrington .JPG (en) Woodingdean Library, Warren Road, Woodingdean .JPG (en) Arts Building A, University of Sussex.JPG (en) Colonnade and Lift at Madeira Drive, Brighton .jpg (en) Conway Court, Conway Street, Hove .jpg (en) London Road Viaduct seen from Preston Road, Brighton .JPG (en) Downs Junior School, Rugby Road, Brighton .JPG (en) Falmer House, University of Sussex.JPG (en) Gardner Arts Centre, University of Sussex.JPG (en) Hollingbury Library, Carden Hill, Hollingbury .JPG (en) Kiosk opposite West Street, Brighton .JPG (en) Old Fire Station, Hove Street, Hove.jpg (en) Preston Circus Fire Station, Brighton.JPG (en) Regency Square, Brighton .JPG (en) Shelter on Hove Seafront .JPG (en) Swanborough Flats, Whitehawk, Brighton.JPG (en) West Pier, Brighton .JPG (en) French Convalescent Home, De Courcel Road, Brighton .JPG (en) Brighton Odeon Kingswest Cinema, Junction of Kings Road and West Street, Brighton .JPG (en) Former Preston Road Board School Preston Road, Brighton .JPG (en) Nettleton Court and Dudeney Lodge, Hollingdean .JPG (en) Former Police Seaside Convalescent Home, Portland Road, Hove .JPG (en) Elm Grove Primary School, Elm Grove, Brighton .JPG (en) Duke of York's Picture House, Preston Circus, Brighton .JPG (en) |
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برايتون أند هوف هي مدينة تقع على ساحل القنال الإنجليزي في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، يوجد فيها مخزون كبير ومتنوع من المباني التي «لا مثيل لها من الناحية المعمارية» ضمن المنتجعات الساحلية في البلاد. تتكون المنطقة الحضرية التي حُددت بكونها مدينة في عام 2000، من مدينتي برايتون وهوف اللتان كانتا منفصلتين سابقًا، والقرى المجاورة مثل بورتسليد وباتشام وروتينغدين، ومناطق من القرن العشرين مثل مولسيكومب ومايل أوك. وُحدت هذه التجمعات السكنية لأول مرة في عام 1997 كسلطة مركزية يبلغ عدد سكانها نحو 253000 نسمة. صُنفت نحو نصف المساحة الجغرافية البالغة 20.430 فدانًا (8.270 هكتار) على أنها مساحة مبنية. (ar) Brighton and Hove, a city on the English Channel coast in southeast England, has a large and diverse stock of buildings "unrivalled architecturally" among the country's seaside resorts. The urban area, designated a city in 2000, is made up of the formerly separate towns of Brighton and Hove, nearby villages such as Portslade, Patcham and Rottingdean, and 20th-century estates such as Moulsecoomb and Mile Oak. The conurbation was first united in 1997 as a unitary authority and has a population of about 253,000. About half of the 20,430-acre (8,270 ha) geographical area is classed as built up. (en) 布萊頓-霍夫，在英吉利海峽海岸东南部的英国城市，在该国的海濱渡假勝地間拥有具"无与伦比的建築性"特色，庞大而多样化的建筑。 在市區，於2000年被指定為一个城市，由以前分開单独的兩個城镇布莱顿和霍夫，以及附近的村庄，如（Portslade）, （Patcham）和 ，以及20世纪的地产如（Moulsecoomb）和（Mile Oak）所組成。 這個集合城市在1997年第一次以一個单一統一起來，並拥有人口约253,000。 大约一半的 20,430-英畝（8,270-公頃） 地理区域被划建立起市区。 布莱顿从中世纪的渔村轉變為温泉镇和旅遊度假勝地，因皇室和時尚的上層階級光顧，帶動了摄政時期風格建築和三位建築師的職業發展，他們的工作來自四海浬（6.4公里）的海濱。 儘管高級份子和成功的地產是攝政時代的一个产物，先前原分开的村庄霍夫，則开发为一个「在（維多利亞時期）郊區沉重的表面尊嚴下」舒适的中产阶级居住区: 大房子迅速從19世紀末起蔓延周围的田野。 旧的村庄，如、、（Ovingdean）和，有古老的教堂、农场和小石屋，隨著布莱顿和霍夫兩個城鎮的成長和合併，他們變得郊區化了，且隨著1928年"大布萊頓"的建立，為市區引進開放土地，被用於住房和工業用地。 许多建筑物在1960年代和1970年代消失，當因布萊頓地區的重要性鼓勵重建時，保護運動對於拯救其他建築物也是有影響力的。 (zh) |
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المباني والعمارة في برايتون أند هوف (ar) Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove (en) 布萊頓-霍夫的建築 (zh) |
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