Architecture of India (original) (raw)
Die indische Architektur umfasst die Architektur des indischen Subkontinents mit den Staaten Indien, Pakistan, Bangladesch, Nepal und Sri Lanka vom Beginn der Indus-Kultur im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis heute. Sie spiegelt sowohl die ethnische und religiöse Vielfalt des indischen Subkontinents als auch dessen historische Entwicklung wider.
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| dbo:abstract | عمارة الهند مُتجذرة في تاريخها وثقافتها ودينها. من بين عدد من الأنماط والتقاليد المعمارية، يعد الأسلوبان المتناقضان لعمارة المعابد الهندوسية والعمارة الهندية الإسلامية أفضل الأساليب التاريخية المعروفة. كلاهما، وخاصة الأول، يملكان عدد من الأساليب الإقليمية داخلها. من الأمثلة المبكرة على تخطيط المدن هو عمارة هارابان لحضارة وادي السند. عاش الناس في مدن فيها منازل من الطوب المخبوز، وشوارع في تخطيط شبكي، وأنظمة تصريف متقنة، وأنظمة إمدادات المياه، ومخازن الحبوب، وقلاع، ومجموعات من المباني الكبيرة غير السكنية. كانت الكثير من العمارة الهندية المبكرة الأخرى من الخشب، لكنها لم تنجو. تنقسم عمارة المعابد الهندوسية بشكل رئيسي إلى نمطي درافيديان وناغارا. ازدهرت عمارة الدرافيديان خلال حكم إمبراطوريات تشولا، وتشيرا، وبانديائيون، وإمبراطورية فيجاياناغارا كذلك. أول مملكة إسلامية رئيسية في الهند كانت سلطنة دلهي، ما أدى إلى تطور العمارة الهندية الإسلامية، التي تجمع بين السمات الهندية والإسلامية. يعتبر حكم الإمبراطورية المغولية، عندما تطورت العمارة المغولية، ذروة العمارة الهندية الإسلامية، مع كون تاج محل أهم نقطة لمساهمتها. أثرت العمارة الهندية الإسلامية على أساليب راجبوت والسيخ أيضًا. خلال الفترة الاستعمارية البريطانية، أصبحت الأساليب الأوروبية بما في ذلك الكلاسيكية الجديدة، والقوطية الجديدة، والباروك سائدة في جميع أنحاء الهند. أدى اندماج الأنماط الهندية الإسلامية والأوروبية إلى أسلوب جديد، يُعرف بأسلوب العمارة الهندية-الساراكينوسية. بعد الاستقلال، انتشرت الأفكار الحداثية بين المهندسين المعماريين الهنود كوسيلة للتقدم على الثقافة الاستعمارية. أثّر لو كوربوزييه، الذي صمم مدينة شانديغار، على جيل من المهندسين المعماريين نحو الحداثة في القرن العشرين. عززت الإصلاحات الاقتصادية لعام 1991 بشكل أكبر العمارة الحضرية في الهند حيث أصبحت البلاد أكثر اندماجًا مع الاقتصاد العالمي. لا تزال عمارة فاستو شاسترا التقليدية مؤثرة في العمارة الهندية خلال العصر الحالي. (ar) L'arquitectura de Índia es basa en la seva història cultura i religió. L'arquitectura índia ha progressat al larg del temps i assimilat les moltes influències que han vingut com a resultat de la història de l'Índia i el contacte amb altres regions del món a través del seu passat mil·lenari. Els mètodes arquitectònics practicats a l'Índia són el resultat de l'examen i aplicació de les seves tradicions constructives ja establertes i les interaccions culturals foranes També aquesta tradició oriental ha incorporat els valors moderns quan l'Índia es va convertir en un Estat-nació modern. Les reformes econòmiques de 1991 van reforçar encara més l'arquitectura urbana de l'Índia a mesura que aquest país es va integrar cada vegada més en l'economia mundial. El tradicional segueix sent influent en l'arquitectura de l'Índia durant l'època contemporània. (ca) Indian architecture is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Among a number of architectural styles and traditions, the best-known include the many varieties of Hindu temple architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, especially Mughal architecture, Rajput architecture and Indo-Saracenic architecture. Much early Indian architecture was in wood, which has not survived. Instead the earliest survivals are from the many sites with Indian rock-cut architecture, most Buddhist but some Hindu and Jain. Hindu temple architecture is mainly divided into the Dravidian style of the south and the Nagara style of the north, with other regional styles. Housing styles also vary between regions, partly depending on the different climates. Haveli is a general term for a large townhouse. The first major Islamic kingdom in India was the Delhi Sultanate, which led to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture, combining Indian and Islamic features. The rule of the Mughal Empire, when Mughal architecture evolved, is regarded as the zenith of Indo-Islamic architecture, with the Taj Mahal being the high point of their contribution. Indo-Islamic architecture influenced the Rajput and Sikh styles as well. During the British colonial period, European styles including neoclassical, gothic revival, and baroque became prevalent across India. The amalgamation of Indo-Islamic and European styles led to a new style, known as the Indo-Saracenic style. After independence, modernist ideas spread among Indian architects as a way of progressing from the colonial culture. Le Corbusier, who designed the city of Chandigarh influenced a generation of architects towards modernism in the 20th century. The economic reforms of 1991 further bolstered the urban architecture of India as the country became more integrated with the world's economy. Traditional Vastu Shastra remains influential in India's architecture during the contemporary era. (en) La arkitekturo de Hindio estas fiksiĝinta en ĝia historio, kulturo kaj religio. Hinda arkitekturo progresis kun tempo kaj asimilis la multajn influojn kiuj venis kiel rezulto de la tutmonda evoluo de Hindio kun aliaj regionoj de la mondo dum ĝia jarmilaĝa pasinteco. La arkitekturaj metodoj trejnitaj en Hindio estas sekvo de ekzameno kaj efektivigo de ĝiaj establitaj konstru-tradicioj kaj ekstere kulturaj interagoj. Kvankam antikva, tiu orienta tradicio ankaŭ asimilis modernajn valorojn kiam Barato iĝis moderna nacio-ŝtato. La ekonomiaj reformoj de 1991 plue fortigis la urban arkitekturon de Barato kiam la lando iĝis tre integrita kun la ekonomio de la mondo. Tradicia restas influa en la arkitekturo de Barato dum la nuntempa epoko. (eo) Die indische Architektur umfasst die Architektur des indischen Subkontinents mit den Staaten Indien, Pakistan, Bangladesch, Nepal und Sri Lanka vom Beginn der Indus-Kultur im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis heute. Sie spiegelt sowohl die ethnische und religiöse Vielfalt des indischen Subkontinents als auch dessen historische Entwicklung wider. (de) La arquitectura de la India está enraizada en su historia, cultura y religión. La arquitectura india progresó con el tiempo y asimiló las muchas influencias que surgieron como resultado del discurrir global de la India con otras regiones del mundo a lo largo de sus más de dos milenios de existencia. Los métodos arquitectónicos practicados en la India y son el resultado del examen y la implementación de las establecidas tradiciones constructivas y de las interacciones culturales externas.Los monumentos más antiguos de la India son de una época reciente comparados con los de Caldea y Egipto y se atribuyen como mucho al siglo V antes de nuestra era, son religiosos y corresponden a las religiones bramánica y budistas allí dominantes. No se conocen palacios antiguos en la arquitectura india, pues los de fecha más antigua datan del siglo XV habiéndose construido los anteriores con material de baja calidad y los que se hallan de arte indio (que no son de arte musulmán) son muy escasos. Lo mismo ocurre con las tumbas o monumentos funerarios que no son religiosos. Aunque antigua, esa tradición oriental también ha incorporado valores modernos a medida que la India se convertía en un estado-nación moderno. Las reformas económicas de 1991 reforzaron aún más la arquitectura urbana de la India a medida que el país se integró más en la economía mundial. El tradicional Vastu Shastra sigue siendo influyente en la arquitectura de la India durante la era contemporánea. Los tipos más comunes en la arquitectura india son: * el templo subterráneo junto con el monolítico, * la estupa o tope junto con la vihara, * la pagoda al aire libre, * la gopura, * la sikhara, * las puertas (dvara, torana) y las columnas conmemorativas. (es) Indiako arkitektura oso aberatsa eta askotarikoa izan da, historiaurretik garatu dena denboraren eta lekuaren arabera. Artearen historia Maurya dinastian hasi zen, K.a. III. mendean. Orduan hartu zuen indarra eta jarraitasuna. Aurretik, material galkorrak -zura, adreilua- erabili baitziren eraikinetan, ezer ez dago. Hala ere, Maurya dinastia sortu baino askoz lehenago, K.a. 2500-1500 bitartean, zibilizazio handi bat izan zen Indus ibaiaren ertzean, Mesopotamia eta Egiptoko zibilizazioak adinakoa hirigintzan. Ehun bat hiri eraiki ziren, Mohenjo-Daro eta Harappa, besteak beste. (eu) L'architecture indienne est une architecture très riche puisant ses sources dans la préhistoire et évoluant avec le temps et dans l'espace (architectures locales). Article détaillé : Architecture moghole.Article détaillé : Architecture des temples hindouistes. (fr) Roimh an 16ú céad, ba iad na teampaill pluaise is stúpaí Búdacha na foirgnimh ab ársa dá raibh san India. Níos déanaí tháinig na teampaill Hiondúcha le dealbhóireacht ghreanta mar mhaisiúchán, agus iad sin roinnte i 3 shaghas geografach: tuaisceartach, Cailiúcach is Dráivideach. Le teacht i réim ríshliocht na Mógal i 1526, thosaigh tógáil na séadchomharthaí móra Ioslamacha, ina measc an chathair mhionchruinn shaibhir (1568-1575). Le gabháil na hIndia ag impireacht na Breataine, tugadh foirmeacha ailtireachta ón iarthar isteach, agus sampla éalárnach aisteach de seo is ea clasaiceas Edwin Lutyens i ndearadh is leagan amach Dheilí Nua (1913-1931). Foirgnimh shonracha ón 20ú céad iad siúd a dhear Le Corbusier sa phríomhchathair réigiúnda Chandigarh a tógadh sna 1950idí. Ailtireacht nua-aoiseach níos bunúsaí oiriúnaí do chúinsí na hIndia, b'fhéidir, atá á cur i bhfeidhm anois ag ailtirí dúchasacha mar . (ga) Arsitektur India adalah jenis arsitektur yang berkembang di India. Tradisi membuat bangunan di kawasan India telah berawal sejak 2000 tahun Sebelum Masehi, sebagian besar ditujukan sebagai bangunan religius. Bangunan-bangunan awal menampilkan kuil-kuil Buddha dan Hindu yang dibuat dari kayu dan selanjutnya denganbatu bata. Pada abad ke-4 SM, batu digunakan untuk mendirikan bangunan dan seterusnya keterampilan mengukir berkembang pesat di India. Berbagai stupa besar dibangun bersamaan dengan kuil dalam gua dan biara-biara diukir dari batu-batu cadas. Pada Zaman Gupta (abad ke-4 sampai 6 Masehi), arsitektur kuil-kuil berkembang pesat dan sering kali didekorasi dengan ukir-ukiran yang indah. India Utara memiliki ciri khas bangunan kuil yang khas dengan dekorasi yang ramai dan mencapai masa keemasannya pada abad ke-7 sampai 11 Masehi. Pada abad ke-11, pengaruh arsitektur Islam mulai melebar ke India yang ikut memperkenalkan seni arsitektur dan dekorasi Islam. Salah satu karya agung tersebut adalah Taj Mahal yang didirikan pada masa Kesultanan Mughal (abad ke-16 sampai 18). Masa selanjutnya, dengan kedatangan bangsa Inggris, seni arsitektur Eropa diperkenalkan ke India. (in) De Indiase architectuur kent haar wortels in de geschiedenis, cultuur en religie van India. Deze architectuur stond in de loop van de millenialange geschiedenis onder steeds veranderende invloeden. Ook begin 21e eeuw gaan deze veranderingen door in een tijd van grote economische groei en welvaart in het land. Machtige families van heersers en aristocraten in India kunnen beschikken over grote gebouwen, zoals: forten, paleizen en herenhuizen (haveli's). Vele daarvan, vooral in Rajasthan en Gujarat, zijn een harmonieuze combinatie van grootschaligheid en verfijnde decoratie. Het bekendste is de Taj Mahal. De Britten hebben hun eigen architectonische stempel gedrukt, een mengeling van Oost en West. Overal in landelijk India is een groot aantal inheemse bouwvormen te zien die door de eeuwen heen onveranderd zijn gebleven. (nl) Sebbene sia antica, l'architettura indiana ha incorporato anche valori moderni quando l'India divenne un moderno stato nazionale. Ciononostante, anche se il paese è ormai profondamente integrato con l'economia mondiale, il Vastu Shastra (il tradizionale testo induista sulle regole architettoniche) continua a esercitare un'importante influenza sull'architettura indiana anche nell'era contemporanea. (it) Architektura indyjska – tradycja architektoniczna rozwijana na subkontynencie indyjskim od kilku tysięcy lat, posiadająca liczne odmiany regionalne. (pl) Индийская архитектура охватывает множество выражений пространства и времени, постоянно сохраняя в себе новые идеи. Результатом всего этого стала развитая архитектура, которая сохраняет преемственность на протяжении всей истории. Некоторые ранние архитектурные произведения найдены у Индской цивилизации (2600—1900 годы до н. э.), которая характеризуется великолепной планировкой городов и домов. Религия и царская власть, по-видимому, не сыграли главную роль в планировании и расположении этих городов. (ru) Індійська архітектура охоплює безліч образів простору і часу, постійно зберігаючи в собі нові ідеї. Результатом цього стала розвинена архітектура, яка зберігає спадкоємність впродовж всієї історії. Деякі ранні архітектурні зразки походять ще з Індської цивілізації (2600—1900 роки до н. е.), яка характеризується чудовим плануванням міст та будинків. (uk) |
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| dbp:caption | 1 (xsd:integer) dbr:Vijayanagara_architecture dbr:Eros_Cinema dbr:Great_Living_Chola_Temples dbr:Amer_Fort dbr:Esplanade_Mansions,_Kolkata dbr:Badami_Chalukya_architecture dbr:Chittorgarh_Fort dbr:Kailasa_Temple,_Ellora dbr:Le_Corbusier dbr:National_Library_of_India dbr:Secretariat_Building,_Chandigarh dbr:Pandyan_art_and_architecture Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath. (en) Layout of Dholavira (en) The Great Stupa at Sanchi . The dome-shaped stupa was used in India as a commemorative monument associated with storing sacred relics. (en) "The serenity of the stone faces" occupying many towers, Bayon, Cambodia (en) Bulbous domes on Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh (en) The Mahabodhi Temple built by Asoka at Bodh Gaya. Relief from Sanchi, 1st century CE (en) Tamil kings in form of Tamil architecture of Meenakshi Temple (en) Reserve Bank of India building Kolkata, Sir Rajen Mookherjee (en) Darwaza-I-Rauza, Taj Mahal Complex, showing large vaulted gateways with delicate ornamentation and minarets with cupolas. (en) Patwon ki Haveli, Jaisalmer. Rows of sandstone haveli in Rajasthan. (en) The Secretariat Building is located in the North Block. (en) A vimana with mandapam elements (en) Achaemenid capital in Persepolis (en) Achaemenid lion (en) Art Deco style apartments in Marine Drive, Mumbai. (en) Ashokan Pillar in Vaishali. (en) Bharhut pillar capital (en) Brihadisvara Temple, Dravida Style (en) Chhatris in Udaipur (en) Corbel arches in Qutb Minar complex, Delhi (en) Durga temple at Aihole showing Chaitya style (en) Entablature elements (en) Conjectural reconstruction of the main gate of Kushinagar circa 500 BCE adapted from a relief at Sanchi. (en) Falaknuma Palace, Hyderabad (en) Flat roofed dalan with dome, Madan Mohan Temple (en) Drawing of Allahabad pillar capital flame palmette . (en) Giant Swing and Wat Suthat (en) Hangseshwari Temple, Ratna Temple (en) Hongsalmun of Heolleung Royal Tomb (en) The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus in Mumbai, 1878–88. A mixture of Romanesque, Gothic and Indian elements (en) Hòa Lai Towers in Ninh Thuận province, Vietnam (en) IIT Delhi,J. K. Choudhury. (en) Jaali work at Sarkhej Roza (en) Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad (en) Jami Masjid, Champaner (en) Jharokha windows of Hawa Mahal (en) Jodhpur Fort (en) Jorbangla Temple (en) Kalibangan pre-Harappan structures (en) Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Nagara Style (en) Layout of Kalibangan (en) Lingaraja Temple, Kalinga Style (en) Lion capital in Vardhana (en) Lion of Menecrates, Greece (en) Masarh lion sculpture (en) Megalithic Dolmens in Mallachandram, Tamil Nadu (en) Mumbai University (en) Nageshswara Temple, Vesara Style (en) Neemrana Fort (en) Paifang in Chengdu, China (en) Pakbirra Jain Shrine, Deul Temple (en) Parrys Corner, Chennai (en) Pataliputra capital (en) Pattadakkal Temple, Karnataka (en) Pietra Dura and Jaali works on Amer Fort Entrance (en) Pillar elements (en) Prasat Bayon , Cambodia (en) Profusely painted interiors Jal Mahal (en) Pyramidal shaped structure over Rasmancha (en) Saher ki Masjid (en) Salim Singh ki Haveli (en) Single storey gopura (en) Sphinx of Naxos at Delphi (en) Stone circle at Junapani, Nagpur (en) The Victoria Memorial in Calcutta is the most effective symbolism of British Empire. (en) Terracota work at a temple of Jor Bangla. (en) The drainage system at Lothal (en) Torii path leading to Fushimi Inari-taisha (en) Trimurti Prambanan temple, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. (en) Two storey gopura (en) Victorian Gothic arches in Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai (en) Athisthana architectural elements of a Hindu temple (en) Megalithic monument in Karkabhat megalithic burial site near Balod, Chhattisgarh (en) The Tomb of Salim Chishti and jali latticed screens is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India. (en) The Council House, built for the Imperial Legislative Council, is now Sansad Bhawan, and houses the Parliament of India. (en) Samriddhi Bhavan, High Court, Secretariat on River Hooghly (en) City of Kushinagar in the 5th century BCE according to a 1st century BCE frieze in Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern Gate. (en) Dalhousie Square, built during British Raj period is an example of fusion of Indian and Renaissance architecture. (en) Stone Umbrellas shaped Megalithic burials of Stone Age are situated in Ariyannur, Kerala (en) Chandra Mahal showcasing fusion of Rajput and Mughal styles. (en) Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves. Example of Indian rock-cut architecture. (en) Post and lintel construction of Airavatesvara Temple, India (en) The Viceroy's House was built for the Viceroy of India. It now serves as the official residence of the President of India. (en) Stateman House, New Delhi.Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. (en) Pachin Kari or Pietra Dura on Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah (en) The Viceregal Lodge, now Rashtrapati Niwas, in Shimla designed by Henry Irwin in the Jacobethan style and built in the late 19th century. (en) The Taj Mahal, Agra. The epitome of Mughal architecture. (en) Lad Khan temple is one of the oldest Hindu temples. (en) The War Memorial Arch is a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in the First World War (en) Highly polished Achaemenid load-bearing column, Persepolis. (en) Dropped keystone, King Edward VII Arch, Victoria Memorial (en) Madras High Court buildings are a prime example of Indo-Saracenic architecture, designed by JW Brassington under guidance of British architect Henry Irwin. (en) |
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| dbp:footer | Achaemenid influence like stone polishing and dual-headed capital from conquest by Persians and Greeks. (en) Lutyens' Delhi, designed by Edwin Lutyens, houses all key government buildings of India. (en) Prambanan temple of Central Java, an example of the 9th century Indonesian Javanese Hindu temple architecture with mandala layout and prasad tower crowned with stylized ratna-vajra. (en) |
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| dbp:header | dbr:Lutyens'_Delhi dbr:Indo-Saracenic_Revival_architecture Art Deco (en) Gujarat Sultanate (en) Neoclassicism (en) Achaemenid Derivatives (en) Arch styles in Indian Architecture (en) Brutalism (en) Distinct Bengali Temple Style (en) Dravidian Architectural Elements (en) Hellenistic influence (en) Influence on Southeast Asia (en) Mughal elements (en) Neolithic Structures (en) Perso-Hellenistic influence (en) Planning of Indus valley civilization cities (en) Rajput Forts (en) Rajput elements (en) South Indian Temples (en) Temple architectural styles (en) Torana Derivatives (en) Vesara style (en) Prambanan, an example of Indonesian temple architecture (en) |
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| dbp:image | 18 (xsd:integer) 28 (xsd:integer) 1834 (xsd:integer) Achaemenid_capital_Persepolis.jpg (en) Sarnath capital.jpg (en) City of Kushinagar in the 5th century BCE according to a 1st century BCE frieze in Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern Gate.jpg (en) Dholavira Layout.jpg (en) Conjectural_reconstruction_of_the_main_gate_of_Kusinagara_circa_500_BCE_adapted_from_a_relief_at_Sanchi.jpg (en) Darwaza-I-Rauza, Taj Mahal Complex, Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg (en) Airavatesvara Temple Chariot.jpg (en) Amber Palace 013.jpg (en) Amer Fort Entrance.jpg (en) Bayon .jpg (en) Bharhut pillar capital.jpg (en) Candi Shiva, Prambanan 1068.jpg (en) Champaner - Jami Masjid, Gujarat.jpg (en) Chennai_High_Court.jpg (en) Chhatrapati shivaji terminus, esterno 03.jpg (en) Chittorgarh fort.JPG (en) Colonne persepolis muze iran bastan teheran.jpg (en) Dalhousie square.jpg (en) Das Lächeln von Angkor.jpg (en) Ellora Cave 16 si0308.jpg (en) Eros Cinema .jpg (en) Esplanade-Mansion-side-view-Kolkata.jpg (en) Falaknuma Palace .jpg (en) Hangseswari Temple, Bansberia.jpg (en) Hawa Mahal Located in Jaipur.jpg (en) Hongsalmun of Heolleung Royal Tomb .jpg (en) India Gate in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg (en) India Meenakshi Temple.jpg (en) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.jpg (en) Indian Ministry of Defence-1.jpg (en) Jaali at Sarkhej Roza.JPG (en) Jama Masjid11.jpg (en) Jodhpur, Rajasthan - India .jpg (en) Jor Bangla Temple Arches Bishnupur.JPG (en) Jorbangla Bishnupur WB From left Side.jpg (en) View of Bhutanatha temple in Badami during monsoon.jpg (en) Kadanassery 036.JPG (en) Kalibangan pre-Harappan structures.jpg (en) Kalibangan-en.svg (en) Kandariya temple.jpg (en) Krishna Pushkarani - Hampi Ruins.jpg (en) Kyoto Schrein Fushimi-Inari-taisha Torii 35.jpg (en) Lad Khan temple, Aihole, Karnataka.jpg (en) Lion of Menecrates at the Corfu Museum.jpg (en) Lion-shaped weight-Sb 2718-P5280901-gradient.jpg (en) Lord Lingaraj Temple With all minar temples.jpg (en) MEENAKSHI TEMPLE- WEST TOWER.jpg (en) Mallachandram-Krishnagiri-Tamilnadu-india .JPG (en) Masarh lion sculpture.jpg (en) Mumbai 03-2016 37 University.jpg (en) Mumbai_03-2016_44_Marine_Drive.jpg (en) N-BR-39 Ashokan Pillar Vaishali .jpg (en) N-KA-D41 Ambigergudi Aihole.jpg (en) Nageshswara Temple , Mosale.jpg (en) National Library, Calcutta 2007.jpg (en) Naxos Sphinx with humans for size.jpg (en) Neemrana-Fort-Palace-Hills-Alwar-Rajasthan.jpg (en) New Delhi government block 03-2016 img3.jpg (en) Paifang - Chengdu, China - DSC05275.jpg (en) Pakbirra Jain Shrine of Purulia 03 .jpg (en) Parrys Corner, Chennai, India.jpg (en) Patwon ki Haveli Jaisalmer.jpg (en) Prambanan Complex 1.jpg (en) Prambanan Cross Section Shiva.svg (en) Prambanan Plain en.svg (en) Prambanan Temple Compound Map en.svg (en) Qutb complex ag39.jpg (en) Rashtrapati Bhavan flank perspective1.jpg (en) Rashtrapati Niwas, Shimla.jpg (en) Rasmancha Bishnupur .jpg (en) Saher ki Masjid.jpg (en) Salim Singh ki Haveli 06.jpg (en) Sanchi2.jpg (en) Sculptures near Teli Mandir, Gwalior Fort.jpg (en) Secretariat Chandigarh.jpg (en) Stateman House New Delhi.jpg (en) Stone circle at Junapani, Nagpur.jpg (en) Chandra Mahal, City Palace, Jaipur, 20191218 0953 9046.jpg (en) Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit2.jpg (en) Thanjavur - Brihadisvara Temple .jpg (en) The drainage system at Lothal 2.JPG (en) Tháp Hòa Lai, Ninh Thuận.JPG (en) Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh Allahabad.jpg (en) Udaipur, Ahar, cenotaphs .jpg (en) "A depiction of World Heritage Monument Airavatesvara Temple".JPG (en) Vesara.jpg (en) Victoria Memorial Kolkata at night.jpg (en) Salim Chisti's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, India.JPG (en) Ellora, tempio kailasanatha , 750-775 dc ca., tempio di shiva visto dalla terrazza del gopuram, lato dx 01.jpg (en) Samriddhi Bhavan - River Hooghly 2012-10-23 1265.JPG (en) Victoria Memorial, King Edward VII Arch, Kolkata, India.jpg (en) Profusely painted interiors of palatial quarters.jpg (en) Drawing of Allahabad pillar capital abacus frieze.jpg (en) Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_%28Victoria_Terminus%29.jpg (en) Megalithic Monument-KARKABHAT-CHHATTISGARH-DSC001.jpg (en) Pataliputra capital, Bihar Museum, Patna, 3rd century BCE.jpg (en) Agra-Itmad ud Daulah mausoleum-South doorway and jalis-20131019.jpg (en) Madan Mohan Temple of Cooch Behar Town at Cooch Behar district in West Bengal 03.jpg (en) Reserve Bank of India building, September 2011.jpg (en) |
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| dbp:source | Mahâbodhi, or the great Buddhist temple under the Bodhi tree at Buddha-Gaya, 1892 (en) |
| dbp:text | Formerly it was the settled belief of all European enquirers that the ancient Hindus were ignorant of the Arch. This belief no doubt arose from the total absence of arches in any of the Hindu Temples. Thirty years ago I shared this belief with Mr. Fergusson, when I argued that the presence of arches in the great Buddhist Temple at Buddha Gaya proved that the building could not have been erected before the Muhammadan conquest. But during my late employment in the Archeological Survey of India several buildings of undoubted antiquity were discovered in which both vaults and arches formed part of the original construction. (en) |
| dbp:title | Post-Maha-Janapadas Architecture (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Italianate_architecture_in_India dbc:Maratha_architecture dbc:Architecture_of_India dbc:16th-century_forts_in_India dbc:Buildings_and_structures_of_the_Maratha_Empire |
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| rdfs:comment | Die indische Architektur umfasst die Architektur des indischen Subkontinents mit den Staaten Indien, Pakistan, Bangladesch, Nepal und Sri Lanka vom Beginn der Indus-Kultur im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis heute. Sie spiegelt sowohl die ethnische und religiöse Vielfalt des indischen Subkontinents als auch dessen historische Entwicklung wider. (de) Indiako arkitektura oso aberatsa eta askotarikoa izan da, historiaurretik garatu dena denboraren eta lekuaren arabera. Artearen historia Maurya dinastian hasi zen, K.a. III. mendean. Orduan hartu zuen indarra eta jarraitasuna. Aurretik, material galkorrak -zura, adreilua- erabili baitziren eraikinetan, ezer ez dago. Hala ere, Maurya dinastia sortu baino askoz lehenago, K.a. 2500-1500 bitartean, zibilizazio handi bat izan zen Indus ibaiaren ertzean, Mesopotamia eta Egiptoko zibilizazioak adinakoa hirigintzan. Ehun bat hiri eraiki ziren, Mohenjo-Daro eta Harappa, besteak beste. (eu) L'architecture indienne est une architecture très riche puisant ses sources dans la préhistoire et évoluant avec le temps et dans l'espace (architectures locales). Article détaillé : Architecture moghole.Article détaillé : Architecture des temples hindouistes. (fr) Sebbene sia antica, l'architettura indiana ha incorporato anche valori moderni quando l'India divenne un moderno stato nazionale. Ciononostante, anche se il paese è ormai profondamente integrato con l'economia mondiale, il Vastu Shastra (il tradizionale testo induista sulle regole architettoniche) continua a esercitare un'importante influenza sull'architettura indiana anche nell'era contemporanea. (it) Architektura indyjska – tradycja architektoniczna rozwijana na subkontynencie indyjskim od kilku tysięcy lat, posiadająca liczne odmiany regionalne. (pl) Индийская архитектура охватывает множество выражений пространства и времени, постоянно сохраняя в себе новые идеи. Результатом всего этого стала развитая архитектура, которая сохраняет преемственность на протяжении всей истории. Некоторые ранние архитектурные произведения найдены у Индской цивилизации (2600—1900 годы до н. э.), которая характеризуется великолепной планировкой городов и домов. Религия и царская власть, по-видимому, не сыграли главную роль в планировании и расположении этих городов. (ru) Індійська архітектура охоплює безліч образів простору і часу, постійно зберігаючи в собі нові ідеї. Результатом цього стала розвинена архітектура, яка зберігає спадкоємність впродовж всієї історії. Деякі ранні архітектурні зразки походять ще з Індської цивілізації (2600—1900 роки до н. е.), яка характеризується чудовим плануванням міст та будинків. (uk) عمارة الهند مُتجذرة في تاريخها وثقافتها ودينها. من بين عدد من الأنماط والتقاليد المعمارية، يعد الأسلوبان المتناقضان لعمارة المعابد الهندوسية والعمارة الهندية الإسلامية أفضل الأساليب التاريخية المعروفة. كلاهما، وخاصة الأول، يملكان عدد من الأساليب الإقليمية داخلها. من الأمثلة المبكرة على تخطيط المدن هو عمارة هارابان لحضارة وادي السند. عاش الناس في مدن فيها منازل من الطوب المخبوز، وشوارع في تخطيط شبكي، وأنظمة تصريف متقنة، وأنظمة إمدادات المياه، ومخازن الحبوب، وقلاع، ومجموعات من المباني الكبيرة غير السكنية. كانت الكثير من العمارة الهندية المبكرة الأخرى من الخشب، لكنها لم تنجو. (ar) L'arquitectura de Índia es basa en la seva història cultura i religió. L'arquitectura índia ha progressat al larg del temps i assimilat les moltes influències que han vingut com a resultat de la història de l'Índia i el contacte amb altres regions del món a través del seu passat mil·lenari. Els mètodes arquitectònics practicats a l'Índia són el resultat de l'examen i aplicació de les seves tradicions constructives ja establertes i les interaccions culturals foranes (ca) Indian architecture is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Among a number of architectural styles and traditions, the best-known include the many varieties of Hindu temple architecture, Indo-Islamic architecture, especially Mughal architecture, Rajput architecture and Indo-Saracenic architecture. Much early Indian architecture was in wood, which has not survived. Instead the earliest survivals are from the many sites with Indian rock-cut architecture, most Buddhist but some Hindu and Jain. (en) La arkitekturo de Hindio estas fiksiĝinta en ĝia historio, kulturo kaj religio. Hinda arkitekturo progresis kun tempo kaj asimilis la multajn influojn kiuj venis kiel rezulto de la tutmonda evoluo de Hindio kun aliaj regionoj de la mondo dum ĝia jarmilaĝa pasinteco. La arkitekturaj metodoj trejnitaj en Hindio estas sekvo de ekzameno kaj efektivigo de ĝiaj establitaj konstru-tradicioj kaj ekstere kulturaj interagoj. (eo) La arquitectura de la India está enraizada en su historia, cultura y religión. La arquitectura india progresó con el tiempo y asimiló las muchas influencias que surgieron como resultado del discurrir global de la India con otras regiones del mundo a lo largo de sus más de dos milenios de existencia. Los métodos arquitectónicos practicados en la India y son el resultado del examen y la implementación de las establecidas tradiciones constructivas y de las interacciones culturales externas.Los monumentos más antiguos de la India son de una época reciente comparados con los de Caldea y Egipto y se atribuyen como mucho al siglo V antes de nuestra era, son religiosos y corresponden a las religiones bramánica y budistas allí dominantes. No se conocen palacios antiguos en la arquitectura india, p (es) Roimh an 16ú céad, ba iad na teampaill pluaise is stúpaí Búdacha na foirgnimh ab ársa dá raibh san India. Níos déanaí tháinig na teampaill Hiondúcha le dealbhóireacht ghreanta mar mhaisiúchán, agus iad sin roinnte i 3 shaghas geografach: tuaisceartach, Cailiúcach is Dráivideach. Le teacht i réim ríshliocht na Mógal i 1526, thosaigh tógáil na séadchomharthaí móra Ioslamacha, ina measc an chathair mhionchruinn shaibhir (1568-1575). Le gabháil na hIndia ag impireacht na Breataine, tugadh foirmeacha ailtireachta ón iarthar isteach, agus sampla éalárnach aisteach de seo is ea clasaiceas Edwin Lutyens i ndearadh is leagan amach Dheilí Nua (1913-1931). Foirgnimh shonracha ón 20ú céad iad siúd a dhear Le Corbusier sa phríomhchathair réigiúnda Chandigarh a tógadh sna 1950idí. Ailtireacht nua-aoise (ga) Arsitektur India adalah jenis arsitektur yang berkembang di India. Tradisi membuat bangunan di kawasan India telah berawal sejak 2000 tahun Sebelum Masehi, sebagian besar ditujukan sebagai bangunan religius. Bangunan-bangunan awal menampilkan kuil-kuil Buddha dan Hindu yang dibuat dari kayu dan selanjutnya denganbatu bata. Pada abad ke-4 SM, batu digunakan untuk mendirikan bangunan dan seterusnya keterampilan mengukir berkembang pesat di India. Berbagai stupa besar dibangun bersamaan dengan kuil dalam gua dan biara-biara diukir dari batu-batu cadas. (in) De Indiase architectuur kent haar wortels in de geschiedenis, cultuur en religie van India. Deze architectuur stond in de loop van de millenialange geschiedenis onder steeds veranderende invloeden. Ook begin 21e eeuw gaan deze veranderingen door in een tijd van grote economische groei en welvaart in het land. De Britten hebben hun eigen architectonische stempel gedrukt, een mengeling van Oost en West. Overal in landelijk India is een groot aantal inheemse bouwvormen te zien die door de eeuwen heen onveranderd zijn gebleven. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Architecture of India (en) عمارة الهند (ar) Arquitectura índia (ca) Indische Architektur (de) Arkitekturo de Hindio (eo) Arquitectura de la India (es) Indiako arkitektura (eu) Ailtireacht na hIndia (ga) Arsitektur India (in) Architecture en Inde (fr) Architettura indiana (it) Architektura indyjska (pl) Indiase architectuur (nl) Индийская архитектура (ru) Архітектура Індії (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Architecture_of_Rajasthan dbr:Hellenistic_influence_on_Indian_art dbr:Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley dbr:History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia dbr:Art_of_Champa |
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