Anglo-Saxon architecture (original) (raw)
Die Angelsächsische Architektur war eine Periode der Architekturgeschichte in England und in Teilen von Wales, die sich von der Mitte des 5. Jahrhunderts bis zur Normannischen Eroberung Englands im Jahr 1066 erstreckte.
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| dbo:abstract | L'Arquitectura anglosaxona va ser un període en la història de l'arquitectura d'Anglaterra i part de Gal·les, des de mitjan segle V fins a la conquesta normanda de 1066. Els edificis civils anglosaxons a Gran Bretanya van ser en general simples, construïts utilitzant principalment fusta i amb el sostre de palla. Cap exemple acceptat sobreviu "in situ". N'hi ha, tanmateix, moltes restes d'arquitectura d'esglésies anglosaxones. Almenys cinquanta són d'origen anglosaxó amb les principals característiques arquitectòniques, hi han moltes més que afirmen també pertànyer a aquesta època, encara que en alguns casos les parts anglosaxones són petites i estan molt alterades. Sovint és impossible distingir de forma fiable entre el treball previ i posterior a la conquesta del segle xi en els edificis, on la majoria de les parts són ampliacions o modificacions posteriors. L'esglésies de la torre rodona i de turriforme utilitzant la torre como nau, són els models distintius anglosaxons. Totes les esglésies que sobreviuen, excepte una església de fusta, són de pedra o maó, i en alguns casos mostren evidències de reutilització d'obres romanes. El caràcter arquitectònic dels edificis eclesiàstics anglosaxons va des de la influència de l'arquitectura cèltica en el primer període; la de l'arquitectura de la basílica paleocristiana; i el període anglosaxon posterior, una arquitectura caracteritzada per pilastres, arcs cecs, balustres i obertures amb eixos triangulars. A les últimes dècades del regne anglosaxó es va introduir des del continent l'art romànic, com en les addicions incorporades a l'Abadia de Westminster fetes des de 1050 en endavant, i per influència de l'arquitectura normanda. A les últimes dècades els historiadors de l'arquitectura s'han tornat menys segurs amb totes les característiques romàniques més petites no documentades posteriors a la data de la conquesta normanda de 1066. Encara que alguna vegada va ser comú, ha estat incorrecte durant algunes dècades utilitzar el terme simple de "saxó" per a qualsevol cosa anglosaxona que fos posterior al període inicial d'assentament a Gran Bretanya. Els primers edificis anglosaxons a Gran Bretanya van ser en general simples, construïts principalment amb fusta i amb sostre de palla. En general van preferir no establir-se dins de les antigues ciutats romanes, van construir ciutats petites a la vora dels seus centres d'agricultura, en els guals dels rius o situats de manera per fer-ho servir també com a ports fluvials. (ca) كانت العمارة الأنجلو ساكسونية فترة في تاريخ العمارة في إنجلترا وأجزاء من ويلز، امتدت منذ منتصف القرن الخامس وحتى الفتح النورماندي في عام 1066. كانت المباني العلمانية الأنجلو ساكسونية في بريطانيا بسيطة بشكل عام، وقد شُيدت بشكل أساسي باستخدام الأخشاب مع القش في الأسقف. ليس هناك مثال حي فوق الأرض مقبول عالميًا. مع ذلك، هناك العديد من الآثار المعمارية للكنيسة الأنجلو ساكسونية. هناك على الأقل خمسين كنيسة من أصل أنجلو ساكسوني مع ميزات معمارية أنجلو ساكسونية رئيسية، والعديد من الكنائس التي تدعي أنها كذلك، على الرغم من أن الجزء الأنجلو ساكسوني صغير ومُعدل في معظم الحالات. يكون من المستحيل في غالب الأمر، التمييز بشكل موثوق بين أعمال ما قبل الغزو وما بعده في القرن الحادي عشر، وذلك في المباني التي تكون معظم أجزائها قد عُدلت أو أُضيفت في وقت لاحق. تُعتبر الكنيسة ذات الأبراج المستديرة والكنيسة ذات البرجين من الأنماط الأنجلو ساكسونية المميزة. بُنيت جميع الكنائس الناجية، باستثناء كنيسة خشبية واحدة، من الحجر أو الطوب، وفي بعض الحالات هناك أدلة على إعادة استخدام الأعمال الرومانية. يتراوح الطابع المعماري للكنيسة الأنجلو ساكسونية بين العمارة المتأثرة بالسلتية في الفترة المبكرة، والعمارة المتأثرة بالكنيسة المسيحية المبكرة، وقد تميزت العمارة في العصر الأنجلو ساكسوني المتأخر بشرائط الأعمدة والأروقة المفرغة وأعمدة الدرابزين والفتحات ذات الرؤوس المثلثية. قُدم أسلوب رومانسكي أكثر عمومية من القارة، مثلما هو الحال في الإضافات المبنية على دير وستمنستر التي أُنشئت منذ عام 1950 فصاعدًا، والتي تأثرت بالفعل بأسلوب النورمان. أصبح المؤرخون المعماريون في العقود الأخيرة، أقل ثقة في أن جميع ملامح «الرومانسيك» الثانوية غير الموثوقة ترجع إلى ما بعد الفتح النورماندي. كان من الخطأ لعدة عقود استخدام المصطلح البسيط «ساكسون» لأي شيء أنجلو ساكسوني متأخر عن الفترة الأولية للاستيطان في بريطانيا، على الرغم من أنه كان شائعًا في السابق. كانت المباني الأنجلو ساكسونية المبكرة في بريطانيا بسيطة بشكل عام، وقد شُيدت بشكل أساسي باستخدام الأخشاب مع القش في الأسقف. فضل الأنجلوسكسونيون عدم الاستقرار داخل المدن الرومانية القديمة، وبنوا بلدات صغيرة بالقرب من مراكز الزراعة الخاصة بهم، وفي مخاضات في الأنهار أو مواقع بحيث تخدم كموانئ. كانت هناك قاعة رئيسية في الوسط في كل بلدة، مزودة بمدفأة مركزية. (ar) Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon secular buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. No universally accepted example survives above ground. Generally preferring not to settle within the old Roman cities, the Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture, at fords in rivers or sited to serve as ports. In each town, a main hall was in the centre, provided with a central hearth. There are many remains of Anglo-Saxon church architecture. At least fifty churches are of Anglo-Saxon origin with major Anglo-Saxon architectural features, with many more claiming to be, although in some cases the Anglo-Saxon part is small and much-altered. It is often impossible to reliably distinguish between pre- and post-Conquest 11th century work in buildings where most parts are later additions or alterations. The round-tower church and tower-nave church are distinctive Anglo-Saxon types. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick, and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. The architectural character of Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Celtic influenced architecture in the early period; Early Christian basilica influenced architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. In the last decades of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, a more general Romanesque style was introduced from the continent, as in the now built-over additions to Westminster Abbey made from 1050 onwards, already influenced by Norman style. In recent decades, architectural historians have become less confident that all undocumented minor "Romanesque" features post-date the Norman Conquest. Although once common, it has been incorrect for several decades to use the plain term "Saxon" for anything Anglo-Saxon that is later than the initial period of settlement in Britain. (en) Die Angelsächsische Architektur war eine Periode der Architekturgeschichte in England und in Teilen von Wales, die sich von der Mitte des 5. Jahrhunderts bis zur Normannischen Eroberung Englands im Jahr 1066 erstreckte. (de) La arquitectura sajona en Inglaterra o anglosajona se refiere a un período en la historia de la arquitectura en Inglaterra, y en una parte del País de Gales, que se extiende desde la segunda mitad del siglo V hasta la conquista normanda (1066). Si los edificios profanos anglosajones estaban generalmente hechos de una simple carpintería y cubiertos con paja (no subsiste ningún ejemplo unánimemente aceptado), los muchos vestigios de iglesias del período sajón indicarían que fueron construidas con más frecuencia en piedra (con la excepción de la ). Al menos cincuenta iglesias de la época tienen motivos indudablemente anglosajones, aunque en algunos casos esos motivos sean de importancia menor en vista del tamaño del edificio, y que además han llegado muy alterados. A veces revelan indicios de reutilización de edificaciones de la época romana. La arquitectura de los edificios religiosos anglosajones, inicialmente de inspiración céltica, luego influenciada por las basílicas paleocristianas, termina caracterizándose por sus pilastras con bandas, arcadas ciegas, sus balaustres y sus huecos con arcos apuntados triangulares. Durante las últimas décadas del reino anglosajón, un estilo románico proveniente del continente le dio una mayor unidad: se ven vestigios en las portadas de la abadía de Westminster construidas después de 1050, donde ya se muestra la influencia normanda. En décadas recientes, los historiadores de la arquitectura han cuestionado la conexión de los motivos románicos no documentados con el período normando. A pesar del uso antiguo, ya no se recomienda llamar «sajones» a los artefactos o edificios anglosajones posteriores a la colonización inicial de Gran Bretaña. Las primeras construcciones anglosajonas de Gran Bretaña estaban generalmente desnudas, hechas de una carpinría con techo de paja. Desdeñando las antiguas ciudades romanas, los anglosajones establecieron aldeas de granjas, cerca de los vados fluviales o en puertos fluviales. En cada aldea, una sala común provista de una chimenea, ocupaba el centro de la aglomeración. (es) L’architecture saxonne désigne une période de l’Histoire de l'architecture en Angleterre, et dans une partie du Pays de Galles : celle qui s'étend de la seconde moitié du Ve siècle à la Conquête normande (1066). Si les édifices profanes saxons étaient généralement faits d'une simple charpente et couverts de chaume (il n'en subsiste aucun exemple unanimement accepté), les multiples vestiges d'églises de la période saxonne étaient, eux, le plus souvent construits en pierre (à l'exception de l’église en bois debout de Greensted). Au moins cinquante églises d'époque présentent des motifs indiscutablement anglo-saxons, bien que dans certains cas, ces motifs soient d'importance mineure au regard de la taille de l'édifice, et au surplus très altérés. Elles révèlent parfois des indices de réemploi de structures d'époque romaine. L'architecture des édifices religieux anglo-saxons, d'abord d'inspiration celtique, puis influencée par les basiliques paléochrétiennes, finit par se caractériser par ses pilastres à bandeaux, arcades aveugles, ses balustres et ses baies en arc brisé triangulaire. Au cours des dernières décennies du royaume anglo-saxon, un style roman venu du Continent lui donne une plus grande unité : on en voit des vestiges sur les reprises de l’Abbaye de Westminster édifiée après 1050, où transparaît déjà l’influence normande. Ces dernières décennies, les historiens de l'architecture ont mis en doute le rattachement des motifs romans non-documentés à la période normande. Malgré un usage ancien, il n'est plus recommandé d'appeler « saxon » les artefacts ou édifices anglo-saxons postérieurs à la période de colonisation initiale de la Grande-Bretagne. Les premières constructions anglo-saxonnes de la Grande-Bretagne étaient généralement dépouillées, faites d'une charpente couverte de chaume. Dédaignant les anciennes villes romaines, les Anglo-Saxons établirent des villages de fermes, près des gués des rivières ou de ports fluviaux. Dans chaque village, une halle commune pourvue d'un foyer, occupait le centre de l'agglomération. (fr) L'architettura anglosassone venne praticata in un periodo della storia dell'architettura in Inghilterra e in alcune parti del Galles, dalla metà del V secolo fino alla conquista normanna dell'Inghilterra nel 1066. Gli edifici civili anglosassoni in Gran Bretagna erano generalmente semplici, costruiti principalmente utilizzando legno e con tetto di paglia. Nessun esempio universalmente accettato è sopravvissuto fino ai giorni nostri. Esistono molti resti dell'architettura anglosassone nelle chiese. Almeno cinquanta sono di origine anglosassone con importanti caratteristiche architettoniche, con molte altre che affermano di esserlo, sebbene in alcuni casi la parte anglosassone sia nodesta e molto alterata. Spesso è impossibile distinguere in modo affidabile tra opere dell'XI secolo, precedenti e successive alla conquista, negli edifici in cui la maggior parte della costruzione è stata aggiunta successivamente. La chiesa a torre rotonda e la chiesa a torre-navata sono tipi distintivi anglosassoni. Tutte le chiese sopravvissute, ad eccezione della chiesa in legno di Greensted, sono costruite in pietra o mattoni e in alcuni casi mostrano prove di opere romane riutilizzate. Il carattere architettonico degli edifici ecclesiastici anglosassoni varia dall'architettura di influenza celtica del primo periodo. La basilica paleocristiana influenzò l'architettura nel tardo periodo anglosassone, con un'architettura caratterizzata da lesene, arcate cieche, fusti di balaustre e aperture a testa triangolare. Negli ultimi decenni del regno anglosassone fu introdotto dal continente lo stile romanico più generale, come nelle aggiunte ora edificate all'Abbazia di Westminster realizzate dal 1050 in poi, già influenzate dallo stile normanno. Negli ultimi decenni gli storici dell'architettura sono diventati meno sicuri che tutte le caratteristiche "romaniche" minori non documentate siano successive alla conquista normanna. Sebbene un tempo fosse comune, per diversi decenni non è stato corretto usare il semplice termine "sassone" per qualsiasi cosa anglosassone che sia successiva al periodo iniziale di insediamento in Gran Bretagna. I primi edifici anglosassoni in Gran Bretagna erano generalmente semplici, costruiti principalmente utilizzando legno con paglia per il tetto. Generalmente preferendo non stabilirsi all'interno delle antiche città romane, gli anglosassoni costruirono piccole città vicino ai loro centri di agricoltura, ai guadi dei fiumi o situate nei porti. In ogni città c'era al centro una sala principale, dotata di un focolare centrale. (it) A arquitetura anglo-saxônica foi um período na história da arquitetura na Inglaterra e em partes do país de Gales, de meados do século V até a conquista normanda de 1066. Os edifícios seculares anglo-saxões na Grã-Bretanha eram geralmente simples, construídos principalmente usando madeira com palha para telhados. Nenhum exemplo universalmente aceito sobrevive acima do solo. Existem, no entanto, muitos restos da arquitetura da igreja anglo-saxônica. Pelo menos cinquenta igrejas são de origem anglo-saxônica, com grandes características arquitetônicas anglo-saxônicas, com muitas mais afirmando ser, embora em alguns casos a parte anglo-saxônica seja pequena e muito alterada. Muitas vezes, é impossível distinguir de forma confiável entre os trabalhos do século XI pré e pós-conquista em edifícios onde a maioria das partes são adições ou alterações posteriores. A igreja da torre redonda e a nave da torre são tipos anglo-saxões distintos. Todas as igrejas sobreviventes, exceto uma igreja de madeira, são construídas de pedra ou tijolo e, em alguns casos, mostram evidências de trabalho romano reutilizado. O caráter arquitetônico dos edifícios eclesiásticos anglo-saxões varia da arquitetura influenciada pelos célticos no período inicial; A basílica cristã primitiva influenciou a arquitetura; e no período anglo-saxão posterior, uma arquitetura caracterizada por faixas de pilastras, arcadas em branco, hastes de balaústre e aberturas triangulares. Nas últimas décadas do reino anglo-saxão, um estilo românico mais geral foi introduzido no continente, como nas adições agora construídas na Abadia de Westminster feitas a partir de 1050, já influenciadas pelo estilo normando. Nas últimas décadas, os historiadores da arquitetura tornaram-se menos confiantes de que todas as características "românicas" menores não documentadas pós-data da conquista normanda. Embora uma vez comum, foi incorreto por várias décadas usar o termo comum "saxão" para qualquer coisa anglo-saxônica posterior ao período inicial de colonização na Grã-Bretanha. Os primeiros edifícios anglo-saxões da Grã-Bretanha eram geralmente simples, construídos principalmente usando madeira com palha para telhados. Geralmente preferindo não se instalar nas antigas cidades romanas, os anglo-saxões construíram pequenas cidades perto de seus centros de agricultura, em vaus nos rios ou localizadas para servir como portos. Em cada cidade, um salão principal ficava no centro, provido de uma lareira central. (pt) Англосаксонская архитектура — стиль архитектуры Англии и, частично, Уэльса, ограниченный хронологически серединой V века и нормандским завоеванием в 1066 году. Гражданская англосаксонская архитектура была несложной, постройки были, преимущественно, деревянные под соломенными крышами. Ни одна из них не сохранилась, имеются только археологические находки. Церковная архитектура этого периода сохранилась значительно лучше и представлена многочисленными образцами: по крайней мере пятьдесят церквей имеют хорошо сохранившиеся оригинальные черты, и значительно большее число памятников претендуют на древнее происхождение, хотя собственно англосаксонская часть бывает невелика и сильно переделана позднее. В зданиях, подвергнувшихся перестройкам, бывает трудно различить части до и после завоевания. Типично англосаксонскими являются церкви с круглыми башнями, которые из битого камня неправильной формы строить проще, чем многоугольные, а также церкви-башни, в которых неф целиком помещается в нижнем ярусе. Единственная сохранившаяся (частично) деревянная пре-нормандская церковь расположена в Гринстеде, остальные англосаксонские церкви каменные и кирпичные, нередко из материалов, взятых на развалинах римских построек. В ранний период англосаксонская архитектура испытала влияние как кельтского зодчества, так и архитектуры раннехристианских базилик. Поздний англосаксонский стиль характеризуется пилястрами, глухими аркадами, колонками в виде точёных балюстрадных столбиков, и проёмами с треугольным завершением. В последние десятилетия эпохи с континента проникает романская архитектура нормандского извода, как, например, пристройки к Вестминстерскому аббатству, сделанные после 1050 года. Историки архитектуры начинают сомневаться в том, что появление романской архитектуры в Великобритании было совершенно внезапным и полностью совпадало с завоеванием. Также имеется тенденция считать ошибкой употребление термина «англосаксонский» через несколько веков после переселения англов и саксов на Британские острова. Англы и саксы избегали римских поселений, городки строили близ своих центров земледелия, переправ и портов. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Angelsächsische Architektur war eine Periode der Architekturgeschichte in England und in Teilen von Wales, die sich von der Mitte des 5. Jahrhunderts bis zur Normannischen Eroberung Englands im Jahr 1066 erstreckte. (de) كانت العمارة الأنجلو ساكسونية فترة في تاريخ العمارة في إنجلترا وأجزاء من ويلز، امتدت منذ منتصف القرن الخامس وحتى الفتح النورماندي في عام 1066. كانت المباني العلمانية الأنجلو ساكسونية في بريطانيا بسيطة بشكل عام، وقد شُيدت بشكل أساسي باستخدام الأخشاب مع القش في الأسقف. ليس هناك مثال حي فوق الأرض مقبول عالميًا. (ar) L'Arquitectura anglosaxona va ser un període en la història de l'arquitectura d'Anglaterra i part de Gal·les, des de mitjan segle V fins a la conquesta normanda de 1066. Els edificis civils anglosaxons a Gran Bretanya van ser en general simples, construïts utilitzant principalment fusta i amb el sostre de palla. Cap exemple acceptat sobreviu "in situ". (ca) Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon secular buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. No universally accepted example survives above ground. Generally preferring not to settle within the old Roman cities, the Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture, at fords in rivers or sited to serve as ports. In each town, a main hall was in the centre, provided with a central hearth. (en) La arquitectura sajona en Inglaterra o anglosajona se refiere a un período en la historia de la arquitectura en Inglaterra, y en una parte del País de Gales, que se extiende desde la segunda mitad del siglo V hasta la conquista normanda (1066). (es) L'architettura anglosassone venne praticata in un periodo della storia dell'architettura in Inghilterra e in alcune parti del Galles, dalla metà del V secolo fino alla conquista normanna dell'Inghilterra nel 1066. Gli edifici civili anglosassoni in Gran Bretagna erano generalmente semplici, costruiti principalmente utilizzando legno e con tetto di paglia. Nessun esempio universalmente accettato è sopravvissuto fino ai giorni nostri. (it) L’architecture saxonne désigne une période de l’Histoire de l'architecture en Angleterre, et dans une partie du Pays de Galles : celle qui s'étend de la seconde moitié du Ve siècle à la Conquête normande (1066). Les premières constructions anglo-saxonnes de la Grande-Bretagne étaient généralement dépouillées, faites d'une charpente couverte de chaume. Dédaignant les anciennes villes romaines, les Anglo-Saxons établirent des villages de fermes, près des gués des rivières ou de ports fluviaux. Dans chaque village, une halle commune pourvue d'un foyer, occupait le centre de l'agglomération. (fr) A arquitetura anglo-saxônica foi um período na história da arquitetura na Inglaterra e em partes do país de Gales, de meados do século V até a conquista normanda de 1066. Os edifícios seculares anglo-saxões na Grã-Bretanha eram geralmente simples, construídos principalmente usando madeira com palha para telhados. Nenhum exemplo universalmente aceito sobrevive acima do solo. (pt) Англосаксонская архитектура — стиль архитектуры Англии и, частично, Уэльса, ограниченный хронологически серединой V века и нормандским завоеванием в 1066 году. Гражданская англосаксонская архитектура была несложной, постройки были, преимущественно, деревянные под соломенными крышами. Ни одна из них не сохранилась, имеются только археологические находки. Церковная архитектура этого периода сохранилась значительно лучше и представлена многочисленными образцами: по крайней мере пятьдесят церквей имеют хорошо сохранившиеся оригинальные черты, и значительно большее число памятников претендуют на древнее происхождение, хотя собственно англосаксонская часть бывает невелика и сильно переделана позднее. В зданиях, подвергнувшихся перестройкам, бывает трудно различить части до и после завоевания. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Anglo-Saxon architecture (en) عمارة أنجلو- ساكسونية (ar) Arquitectura anglosaxona (ca) Angelsächsische Architektur (de) Arquitectura anglosajona (es) Architecture anglo-saxonne (fr) Architettura anglosassone (it) Arquitetura anglo-saxônica (pt) Англосаксонская архитектура (ru) |
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dbr:Oxford_Castle dbr:Church_architecture_in_England dbr:Church_architecture_in_Scotland dbr:Church_of_St_Mary_Magdalene,_Essendine dbr:Church_of_St_Mary_Magdalene_and_St_Andrew,_Ridlington dbr:Church_of_St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Greetham dbr:Church_of_St_Peter_and_St_Paul,_Market_Overton dbr:Church_of_St_Thomas_of_Canterbury,_Clapham,_Bedfordshire dbr:Churches_in_Colchester dbr:Flixton_Priory dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Cheshire dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Cumbria dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Derbyshire dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Greater_Manchester dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Lancashire dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Shropshire dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Staffordshire dbr:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_West_Yorkshire dbr:Grade_I_listed_non-ecclesiastical_buildings_in_Cheshire dbr:History_of_Wiltshire dbr:Joseph_A._Suneg dbr:Saint_Gildard dbr:Hanworth,_Norfolk dbr:Harpswell,_Lincolnshire dbr:Hartlepool_Abbey dbr:Hatfield_Broad_Oak dbr:Hatfield_and_Newhampton dbr:Hatford |
| is dbp:architecturalType of | dbr:St_Mary_Magdalene_Church,_Hart |
| is dbp:style of | dbr:Ripon_Cathedral dbr:Coombes_Church dbr:Church_of_St_James_the_Less,_Sulgrave dbr:Church_of_St_Mary_the_Blessed_Virgin,_Sompting dbr:Church_of_St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Fordwich dbr:Monkwearmouth–Jarrow_Abbey dbr:St_Laurence's_Church,_Morland dbr:St_Margaret_and_St_James'_Church,_Long_Marton dbr:St_Martin's_Church,_Waithe dbr:St_Mary's_Church,_Bampton dbr:St_Mary's_Church,_Barnetby dbr:St_Mary's_Church,_Chickney dbr:St_Mary's_Church,_Walberton dbr:St_Mary's_Priory_Church,_Deerhurst dbr:St_Michael's_Church,_St_Albans dbr:St_Nicholas_Church,_Feltwell dbr:St_Peter's_Church,_Barton-upon-Humber dbr:St_Peter's_Church,_Claydon dbr:St_Peter's_Church,_Heysham dbr:St_Peter's_Church,_Kingerby dbr:St_Peter's_Church,_Monkwearmouth dbr:St_Wystan's_Church,_Repton dbr:All_Saints'_Church,_Brixworth dbr:All_Saints'_Church,_Earls_Barton dbr:Escomb_Church dbr:St_Michael_at_the_North_Gate dbr:St_Andrew's_Church,_Bywell dbr:St_Andrew's_Church,_Crosby_Garrett dbr:St_Andrew's_Church,_Wroxeter dbr:St_Botolph's_Church,_Botolphs dbr:St_Botolph's_Church,_Hardham dbr:St_Giles'_Church,_Barrow dbr:St_Gregory's_Minster,_Kirkdale dbr:St_John_the_Baptist's_Church,_Clayton dbr:St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Inglesham dbr:Odda's_Chapel dbr:Old_St_Mary's_Church,_West_Bergholt dbr:Old_St_Peter_and_St_Paul's_Church,_Albury dbr:St_Martin's_Church,_Wareham |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Anglo-Saxon_architecture |
