Burning of Parliament (original) (raw)

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威斯敏斯特宫是中世纪的一座皇宫，同时也是议会所在地，它在1834年10月的一场大火中受到严重破坏。起因：1826年之前，英国财政部一直用一种木制计数棒来核算收支状况，后来这些木块便被随意扔在上议院下层的两个火炉中烧毁，导致穿过上议院楼下的两个烟囱管道起火，并顺着墙壁蔓延开来。 火势在大厦中迅速蔓延，并且发展成为伦敦自1666年大火至二战德国轰炸造成的火災之间最大的一次大火；许多人，包括诸多艺术家都在其画作中记录了这一重大事件。火灾持续了大半夜，烧毁了皇宫中的大部分地方，包括改建后的（当时的下议院会议召开地）和上议院，“国王厅”以及议长和下议院主事官的住所。 所幸的是伦敦消防局主管及时采取措施保住了威斯敏斯特大厅和旧议会所在地的一小部分地方。1836年， 查尔斯·巴里在激烈竞争中赢得了新皇宫的建造设计权。巴里和奥古斯塔斯·普金共同提出的设计方案将幸存下来的建筑容纳到新的建筑群中。这场竞争的结果也使得哥特风格成为当时国内建筑风格的主流，而后来这座新皇宫也因为它“卓越的普世价值”而被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

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dbo:abstract حريق البرلمان هو حريق اندلع في 16 أكتوبر 1834 ودمر قصر وستمنستر، وهو قصر من القرون الوسطى وكان يعد مقر برلمان المملكة المتحدة. نتج الحريق جراء اشتعال بعض الألواح الخشبية التي كانت تستخدم حتى عام 1826 في تدوين إجراءات المحاسبة التابعة للخزانة العامة. تم التخلص من بعض الألواح الخشبية في الأفران الموجودة تحت مبنى مجلس اللوردات مما أدى إلى ملء المداخن الموجودة تحت طابق غرفات اللوردات بالسخام حتى وصل إلى حوائط المبنى. وساحة القصر القديم في أكتوبر 1834 انتشر]] الحريق كالنار في الهشيم وكان ذلك أكبر حادث حريق يحدث في لندن في الفترة بين حادث حريق لندن الكبير الذي وقع عام 1666 وأحداث قصف لندن في الحرب العالمية الثانية. لفت هذا الحريق انتباه الكثيرين ومنهم العديد من الفنانين الذين قدموا تسجيلات مصورة لهذا الحادث. استمر الحريق معظم الليل ودمر جزءًا كبيرًا من القصر، بما في ذلك غرفة كنيسة القديس ستيفن -التي تعد مقر اجتماع مجلس العموم- وغرفة اللوردات والغرفة المُلونة والمقر الرسمي للمتحدث باسم مجلس عموم المملكة المتحدة|مجلس العموم وكذلك كاتب مجلس العموم. أكدت تصريحات المراقب جيمس برايدوود، التابع لمؤسسة الحرائق اللندنية، أن قصر وستمنستر وبعض أجزاء مباني البرلمان نجت من الحريق. في عام 1836 فاز تشارلز باري بمسابقة وضع تصاميم لبناء قصر جديد. تطورت خطة باري بالتعاون مع أغسطس ويلبي نورثمور بوجن وشملت الخطة المطورة الأجزاء الناجية من الحريق. اتفقت المسابقة على أن تكون العمارة القوطية الحديثة هي أسلوب العامرة الوطني السائد في المسابقة، ومنذ ذلك الحين صُنِف القصر على أنه موقع تراث عالمي ذو قيمة عالمية استثنائية بإقرار اليونسكو. (ar) The Palace of Westminster, the medieval royal palace used as the home of the British parliament, was largely destroyed by fire on 16 October 1834. The blaze was caused by the burning of small wooden tally sticks which had been used as part of the accounting procedures of the Exchequer until 1826. The sticks were disposed of carelessly in the two furnaces under the House of Lords, which caused a chimney fire in the two flues that ran under the floor of the Lords' chamber and up through the walls. The resulting fire spread rapidly throughout the complex and developed into the largest conflagration in London between the Great Fire of 1666 and the Blitz of the Second World War; the event attracted large crowds which included several artists who provided pictorial records of the event. The fire lasted for most of the night and destroyed a large part of the palace, including the converted St Stephen's Chapel—the meeting place of the House of Commons—the Lords Chamber, the Painted Chamber and the official residences of the Speaker and the Clerk of the House of Commons. The actions of Superintendent James Braidwood of the London Fire Engine Establishment ensured that Westminster Hall and a few other parts of the old Houses of Parliament survived the blaze. In 1836 a competition for designs for a new palace was won by Charles Barry. Barry's plans, developed in collaboration with Augustus Pugin, incorporated the surviving buildings into the new complex. The competition established Gothic Revival as the predominant national architectural style and the palace has since been categorised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, of outstanding universal value. (en) El Incendio del Parlamento del Reino Unido se produjo el 16 de octubre de 1834 en Londres, el Palacio de Westminster, el palacio real medieval utilizado como sede del parlamento británico, fue destruido en gran parte por este incendio, causado por la quema de pequeños palos de madera que habían sido utilizados como parte de los procedimientos contables del échiquier hasta 1826. Los palos se desecharon sin cuidado en los dos hornos de la Cámara de los Lores, lo que provocó un incendio de chimenea en las dos chimeneas que corrían debajo del piso de la cámara de los Lores y ascendían a través de las paredes. El incendio resultante se extendió rápidamente por todo el complejo y se convirtió en la mayor conflagración en Londres entre el Gran Incendio de 1666 y los blitz de la Segunda Guerra Mundial; el evento atrajo a grandes multitudes que incluyeron varios artistas que proporcionaron registros pictóricos del evento. El incendio duró la mayor parte de la noche y destruyó gran parte del palacio, incluida la convertida Capilla de San Esteban, el lugar de reunión de la Cámara de los Comunes, la Cámara de los Lores, la y las residencias oficiales del presidente y el secretario de la Cámara de los Comunes. Las acciones del superintendente James Braidwood del London Fire Engine Establishment aseguraron que Westminster Hall y algunas otras partes de las antiguas Casas del Parlamento sobrevivieran al incendio. En 1836, Charles Barry ganó un concurso de diseños para un nuevo palacio. Los planes de Barry, desarrollados en colaboración con Augustus Pugin, incorporaron los edificios sobrevivientes en el nuevo complejo. El concurso estableció la Arquitectura neogótica como el estilo arquitectónico nacional predominante y desde entonces el palacio ha sido clasificado como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, de excepcional valor universal.​ (es) L'incendie du Parlement s'est produit le 16 octobre 1834 à Londres. Le palais de Westminster, le palais utilisé comme siège du Parlement du Royaume-Uni, est en grande partie détruit par l'incendie. La cause de l'incendie est l'embrasement de bâtons de comptage, mis au rebut de manière négligente dans les fours situés sous la Chambre des lords, ce qui provoque un feu de cheminée qui se propage. L'incendie dure presque toute la nuit. Il s'agit du plus grand incendie à Londres entre le grand incendie de Londres en 1666 et le Blitz de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À part le Westminster Hall médiéval, qui a été sauvé de l'incendie, le reste du site sur la rive ouest de la Tamise a finalement été déblayé pour la construction de l'emblématique complexe des Chambres du Parlement victorien. En 1835, Joseph Mallord William Turner expose deux grandes peintures à l'huile de l'événement vu de la Tamise intitulées L'Incendie de la Chambre des lords et des communes, 16 octobre 1834, l'une à la British Institution (aujourd'hui conservée au Philadelphia Museum of Art), et l'autre à la Royal Academy, (aujourd'hui conservée au Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio). L'événement est célèbre et d'autres artistes reproduisent l'événement. En 1836, un concours est remporté pour la conception d'un nouveau palais par Charles Barry et Pugin, qui sert toujours de siège au Parlement britannique. (fr) 영국 의회의 주거지로 사용된 중세 왕궁인 웨스트민스터 궁전은 1834년 10월 16일 화재로 대부분 파괴되었다. 화재는 1826년까지 재무부의 회계 절차의 일부로 사용되었던 작은 나무 집계 막대가 타면서 발생했다. 막대기는 귀족원 아래 두 개의 용광로에 부주의하게 버려져 있었고, 이로 인해 귀족원 바닥과 벽을 통해 흐르는 두 개의 연도에 굴뚝 화재가 발생했다. 그 결과 발생한 화재는 단지 전체로 빠르게 번졌고 1666년 대화재와 2차 세계 대전 사이의 런던에서 발생한 가장 큰 화재로 발전했다; 이는 그 사건에 대한 그림 기록을 제공한 몇몇 예술가들을 포함한 많은 군중을 끌어들였다. 불은 밤새 계속되었고 개조된 성 스테판 예배당, 하원 회의장소, 상원, 도장실, 국회의장과 하원 서기의 관저 등 궁전의 많은 부분이 소실되었다. 런던 소방차 시설의 제임스 브레이드우드 장관의 행동으로 웨스트민스터 홀과 옛 국회 의사당의 일부 다른 부분이 화재에서 살아남을 수 있었다. 1836년 새 궁전을 위한 디자인 공모전에서 찰스 배리가 우승했다. 아우구스투스 푸긴과 공동으로 개발한 배리의 계획은 살아남은 건물을 새로운 복합 단지에 통합시켰다. 이 대회를 통해 고딕 부흥을 국가 건축 양식의 주요 양식으로 확립했고 궁전은 그 이후로 탁월한 보편적 가치를 지닌 유네스코 세계 문화 유산으로 분류되었다. (ko) 威斯敏斯特宫是中世纪的一座皇宫，同时也是议会所在地，它在1834年10月的一场大火中受到严重破坏。起因：1826年之前，英国财政部一直用一种木制计数棒来核算收支状况，后来这些木块便被随意扔在上议院下层的两个火炉中烧毁，导致穿过上议院楼下的两个烟囱管道起火，并顺着墙壁蔓延开来。 火势在大厦中迅速蔓延，并且发展成为伦敦自1666年大火至二战德国轰炸造成的火災之间最大的一次大火；许多人，包括诸多艺术家都在其画作中记录了这一重大事件。火灾持续了大半夜，烧毁了皇宫中的大部分地方，包括改建后的（当时的下议院会议召开地）和上议院，“国王厅”以及议长和下议院主事官的住所。 所幸的是伦敦消防局主管及时采取措施保住了威斯敏斯特大厅和旧议会所在地的一小部分地方。1836年， 查尔斯·巴里在激烈竞争中赢得了新皇宫的建造设计权。巴里和奥古斯塔斯·普金共同提出的设计方案将幸存下来的建筑容纳到新的建筑群中。这场竞争的结果也使得哥特风格成为当时国内建筑风格的主流，而后来这座新皇宫也因为它“卓越的普世价值”而被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。 (zh)
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dbp:alt View of the House of Lords from the inside. Their lordships are sitting on three sides of a square, with the Speaker of the House, and the royal throne making up the fourth side. (en) Head and shoulders painting of Sir Charles Barry. Barry is wearing a black jacket, white shirt with high collar and a soft black stock and is looking directly at the painter. (en) View of the long Parliament building, as seen from the southern bank of the Thames. On the left of the building is the Victoria Tower, flying the Union Flag; on the right is the Elizabeth Tower . (en) The Houses of Parliament on fire, seen from the south bank of the Thames. Westminster Bridge is seen on the right, partially hidden by the smoke. (en) The Houses of Parliament on fire, seen from the south bank of the Thames; viewers have taken to boats on the Thames to get a better view. (en) Architectural plans of the Palace of Westminster, drawn up by Charles Barry. The plans show a long, asymmetrical building. Westminster Hall is shown as part of the image, sitting off the perpendicular to the rest of the building (en) View of a large room, showing the Speaker of the House sitting at the end. Down each side of the room, MPs are sitting; one MP is standing on the right, giving a speech. Balconies are on either side, with spectators visible. (en) Head and shoulders painting of Augustus Pugin. Pugin is wearing a grey jacket, black waistcoat, white shirt and a black tie; he is looking to the right of the painter. (en) View of the front of the Palace of Westminster on fire, seen from Abingdon Street. Crowds—seen at the bottom of the image—are being held back by soldiers, while firemen can be seen tackling the blaze (en) View of Parliament from Parliament Square, showing the members entrance and the Victoria Tower (en)
dbp:caption Augustus Pugin, c. 1840 (en) Charles Barry, c. 1851 (en) The western view of the Palace of Westminster, viewed from St Stephen's Entrance (en) The House of Commons in 1808 (en) The House of Lords, c. 1809 (en) The eastern view of the Palace of Westminster, viewed from the south bank of the Thames (en) The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons by J. M. W. Turner (en) The Palace of Westminster on Fire, 1834, by an unknown artist (en) Barry's plan of the Houses of Parliament and Offices, published in 1852 (en) The Burning of the Houses of Parliament, a coloured aquatint by an unknown artist (en)
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dbp:header The houses of the Lords and Commons, before the fire (en) Contemporary depictions (en) of the fire (en)
dbp:image 0001-10-16 (xsd:gMonthDay) House of Lords Microcosm edited.jpg (en) Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin00.jpg (en) House of Commons Microcosm.jpg (en) Houses of Parliament, London .jpg (en) Plan of the Houses of Parliament and Offices.jpg (en) Palace of Westminster west front from St Stephen's Entrance.jpg (en) Sir Charles Barry by John Prescott Knight .jpg (en) The Burning of the Houses of Parliament.jpg (en) The Palace of Westminster on Fire, 1834.JPG (en)
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rdfs:comment 威斯敏斯特宫是中世纪的一座皇宫，同时也是议会所在地，它在1834年10月的一场大火中受到严重破坏。起因：1826年之前，英国财政部一直用一种木制计数棒来核算收支状况，后来这些木块便被随意扔在上议院下层的两个火炉中烧毁，导致穿过上议院楼下的两个烟囱管道起火，并顺着墙壁蔓延开来。 火势在大厦中迅速蔓延，并且发展成为伦敦自1666年大火至二战德国轰炸造成的火災之间最大的一次大火；许多人，包括诸多艺术家都在其画作中记录了这一重大事件。火灾持续了大半夜，烧毁了皇宫中的大部分地方，包括改建后的（当时的下议院会议召开地）和上议院，“国王厅”以及议长和下议院主事官的住所。 所幸的是伦敦消防局主管及时采取措施保住了威斯敏斯特大厅和旧议会所在地的一小部分地方。1836年， 查尔斯·巴里在激烈竞争中赢得了新皇宫的建造设计权。巴里和奥古斯塔斯·普金共同提出的设计方案将幸存下来的建筑容纳到新的建筑群中。这场竞争的结果也使得哥特风格成为当时国内建筑风格的主流，而后来这座新皇宫也因为它“卓越的普世价值”而被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。 (zh) حريق البرلمان هو حريق اندلع في 16 أكتوبر 1834 ودمر قصر وستمنستر، وهو قصر من القرون الوسطى وكان يعد مقر برلمان المملكة المتحدة. نتج الحريق جراء اشتعال بعض الألواح الخشبية التي كانت تستخدم حتى عام 1826 في تدوين إجراءات المحاسبة التابعة للخزانة العامة. تم التخلص من بعض الألواح الخشبية في الأفران الموجودة تحت مبنى مجلس اللوردات مما أدى إلى ملء المداخن الموجودة تحت طابق غرفات اللوردات بالسخام حتى وصل إلى حوائط المبنى. وساحة القصر القديم في أكتوبر 1834 انتشر]] الحريق كالنار في الهشيم وكان ذلك أكبر حادث حريق يحدث في لندن في الفترة بين حادث حريق لندن الكبير الذي وقع عام 1666 وأحداث قصف لندن في الحرب العالمية الثانية. لفت هذا الحريق انتباه الكثيرين ومنهم العديد من الفنانين الذين قدموا تسجيلات مصورة لهذا الحادث. استمر الحريق معظم الليل ودمر جزءًا كبيرًا من القصر، بما في ذلك غرفة كنيسة القديس ستيفن - (ar) The Palace of Westminster, the medieval royal palace used as the home of the British parliament, was largely destroyed by fire on 16 October 1834. The blaze was caused by the burning of small wooden tally sticks which had been used as part of the accounting procedures of the Exchequer until 1826. The sticks were disposed of carelessly in the two furnaces under the House of Lords, which caused a chimney fire in the two flues that ran under the floor of the Lords' chamber and up through the walls. (en) El Incendio del Parlamento del Reino Unido se produjo el 16 de octubre de 1834 en Londres, el Palacio de Westminster, el palacio real medieval utilizado como sede del parlamento británico, fue destruido en gran parte por este incendio, causado por la quema de pequeños palos de madera que habían sido utilizados como parte de los procedimientos contables del échiquier hasta 1826. Los palos se desecharon sin cuidado en los dos hornos de la Cámara de los Lores, lo que provocó un incendio de chimenea en las dos chimeneas que corrían debajo del piso de la cámara de los Lores y ascendían a través de las paredes. (es) L'incendie du Parlement s'est produit le 16 octobre 1834 à Londres. Le palais de Westminster, le palais utilisé comme siège du Parlement du Royaume-Uni, est en grande partie détruit par l'incendie. La cause de l'incendie est l'embrasement de bâtons de comptage, mis au rebut de manière négligente dans les fours situés sous la Chambre des lords, ce qui provoque un feu de cheminée qui se propage. L'incendie dure presque toute la nuit. Il s'agit du plus grand incendie à Londres entre le grand incendie de Londres en 1666 et le Blitz de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr)
rdfs:label حريق البرلمان (ar) Burning of Parliament (en) Incendio del Parlamento del Reino Unido (es) Incendie du Parlement (fr) 영국 국회의사당 화재 (ko) 议会大火 (zh)
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