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Robert Peel, 2. baronet (5. února 1788, Ramsbottom, Lancashire, Spojené království – 2. července 1850, Westminster, Londýn) byl britský státník, člen Konzervativní strany a premiér. V době kdy zastával funkci ministra vnitra, pomohl vytvořit moderní koncepci policie (neformální pojmenování britských policistů bobbies v Anglii a peelers v Irsku je odvozeno od jeho jména). Zapojil se do vzniku Konzervativní strany z původní strany Toryů a prosadil zrušení dodatečného cla na obilí (Corn Laws).

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dbo:abstract Sir Robert Peel 2n baronet va ser un estadista i polític britànic del Partit Conservador. Peel va ser Primer Ministre del Regne Unit entre el 10 de desembre de 1834 i el 8 d'abril de 1835 i del 30 d'agost de 1841 al 29 de juny de 1846. Periodista i estadista britànic, el seu pare va ser un dels empresaris tèxtils més rics durant la Revolució industrial, de manera que es considera que pertanyia a la burgesia. El jove Peel va entrar a la política als 21 anys, pel districte irlandès de , Tipperary. Durant la seva primera dècada com a polític va tenir càrrecs menors, entre ells el de Ministre d'Irlanda (1812). Peel va ser considerat una de les estrelles emergents del partit Tory, entrant per primera vegada en el govern el 1822 com a ministre d'Interior, càrrec que fins a 1830 va ocupar en diversos governs. Com a tal, va introduir una sèrie d'importants reformes en la legislació penal britànica: la més destacada és la creació de la London Metropolitan Police (Policia Metropolitana de Londres), possiblement el primer cos de policia modern i futur Scotland Yard. D'aquest treball es deriven els cèlebres principis policials de Peel, encara que es dubta de la seva autoria. També va promoure canvis al codi penal reduint el nombre de delictes sancionats amb la pena capital. Va ser nomenat primer ministre el 1834. Va passar després a l'oposició, evoluciona cap al liberalisme, i va tornar a ser primer ministre entre 1841 i 1846, va actuar en col·laboració amb el partit whig. Va reformar el sistema fiscal, i va atorgar drets civils als jueus. En 1844, mitjançant la Llei Peel (Peelse bank act) desenvolupa el sistema de banca amb reserva fraccionària, que exigeix un coeficient de caixa d'un 100% en or als bancs privats, respecte a l'emissió de paper moneda, tot i que oblida el mateix requisit respecte a l'emissió de dipòsits. La llei més destacable del seu segon mandat com a primer ministre va ser la que va portar a la seva destitució. Aquesta vegada Peel es va erigir en defensor del lliurecanvisme econòmic, es mobilitzà en contra dels terratinents, abolint les Corn Laws el 1846, que donaven suport als agricultors restringint la importació de cereals. Aquesta ruptura radical amb el proteccionisme conservador, va enfrontar obertament amb una facció del seu partit, encapçalada per Benjamin Disraeli, i tenia com a finalitat pal·liar la Gran Fam Irlandesa. Malgrat tot els esforços de Peel i els seus programes de reforma tingueren pocs efectes sobre la situació a Irlanda. Peel va ser llançat del seu cavall mentre muntava a a Londres el 29 de juny de 1850, el cavall va ensopegar a la part superior d'ell i va morir tres dies després, el 2 de juliol, de causa d'una fractura de clavícula i la ruptura dels seus vasos subclàviala. Els seus seguidors, dirigits per i William Gladstone, van passar a fusionar-se amb els whigs en el Partit Liberal. (ca) Robert Peel, 2. baronet (5. února 1788, Ramsbottom, Lancashire, Spojené království – 2. července 1850, Westminster, Londýn) byl britský státník, člen Konzervativní strany a premiér. V době kdy zastával funkci ministra vnitra, pomohl vytvořit moderní koncepci policie (neformální pojmenování britských policistů bobbies v Anglii a peelers v Irsku je odvozeno od jeho jména). Zapojil se do vzniku Konzervativní strany z původní strany Toryů a prosadil zrušení dodatečného cla na obilí (Corn Laws). (cs) السير روبرت بيل (بالإنجليزية: Robert Peel)‏، البارونت الثاني، زميل الجمعية الملكية (5 فبراير 1788 - 2 يوليو 1850) هو رجل دولة بريطاني محافظ شغل مرتين منصب رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة (1834–1835 و1841-1846) ومرتين وزيرًا للداخلية (1822–1827 و1828-1830). يعتبر أب الشرطة البريطانية الحديثة، بسبب تأسيسه لدائرة شرطة العاصمة. كان بيل أحد مؤسسي حزب المحافظين الحديث. كان بيل، وهو نجل صانع نسيج وسياسي ثري، أول رئيس وزراء من خلفية تجارية صناعية. حصل على المرتبة الأولى في الكلاسيكيات والرياضيات من كنيسة المسيح، أكسفورد. دخل مجلس العموم عام 1809 وأصبح نجمًا صاعدًا في حزب المحافظين. انضم بيل إلى مجلس الوزراء كوزير للداخلية (1822-1827)، إذ أصلح القانون الجنائي وحرره وأنشأ قوة شرطة حديثة، ما أدى إلى ظهور نوع جديد من الضباط المعروفين باسم البوبيين والبيليين. بعد فترة وجيزة من ترك منصبه، عاد وزيرًا للداخلية تحت إشراف معلمه السياسي دوق ولينغتون (1828-1830)، الذي شغل أيضًا منصب زعيم مجلس العموم. في البداية كان بيل مؤيدًا للتمييز القانوني المستمر ضد الكاثوليك، وبعدها انقلب بيل وأيد إلغاء قانون الاختبار (1828) وقانون الإغاثة الكاثوليكية الرومانية لعام 1829، مدعيًا أنه على الرغم من أن التحرر كان خطرا كبيرًا، فإن الصراع المدني كان خطرًا أكبر. بعد أن كان في المعارضة 1830 -1834، أصبح رئيسًا للوزراء في نوفمبر 1834. أصدر بيل بيان تامورث (ديسمبر 1834)، الذي وضع المبادئ التي يقوم عليها حزب المحافظين البريطاني الحديث. كانت وزارته الأولى حكومة أقلية، تعتمد على دعم ويغ وعمل بيل وزيرًا للمالية في حكومته أيضًا. بعد أربعة أشهر فقط، انهارت حكومته وشغل منصب زعيم المعارضة خلال حكومة ملبورن الثانية (1835-1841). أصبح بيل رئيسًا للوزراء مرة أخرى بعد الانتخابات العامة لعام 1841. حكمت حكومته الثانية لمدة خمس سنوات. خفض الرسوم الجمركية لتحفيز التجارة، واستبدل الإيرادات المفقودة بضريبة دخل بنسبة 3%. لعب دورًا مركزيًا في جعل التجارة الحرة حقيقة واقعة وأقام نظامًا مصرفيًا حديثًا. تضمنت التشريعات الرئيسية لحكومته قانون المناجم والكوليري لعام 1842، وقانون ضريبة الدخل لعام 1842، وقانون المصانع لعام 1844 وقانون تنظيم السكك الحديدية لعام 1844. ضعفت حكومة بيل بسبب المشاعر المعادية للكاثوليكية بعد الزيادة المثيرة للجدل في منحة ماينوث لعام 1845. بعد اندلاع المجاعة الأيرلندية الكبرى، أدى قراره بالانضمام إلى اليمينيين والراديكاليين لإلغاء قوانين الذرة إلى استقالته من منصب رئيس الوزراء في عام 1846. ظل بيل عضوًا برلمانيًا مؤثرًا وزعيمًا لفصيل بيليت حتى وفاته في عام 1850. غالبًا ما بدأ بيل من منصب تقليدي لحزب المحافظين معارضة لإجراء ما، ثم عكس موقفه وأصبح قائدًا في دعم التشريعات الليبرالية. حدث هذا مع قانون الاختبار، والتحرر الكاثوليكي، وقانون الإصلاح، وضريبة الدخل، وعلى الأخص إلغاء قوانين الذرة. كتب المؤرخ إيه جي بي تايلور: «كان بيل في المرتبة الأولى بين رجال الدولة في القرن التاسع عشر. حمل التحرر الكاثوليكي؛ ألغى قوانين الذرة؛ أنشأ حزب المحافظين الحديث على أنقاض حزب المحافظين القديم». (ar) Sir Robert Peel, 2. Baronet (* 5. Februar 1788 in Chamber Hall bei Bury, Lancashire; † 2. Juli 1850 in London), war ein britischer Staatsmann und Politiker. Er gilt als Begründer der Konservativen Partei. Peel war Premierminister vom 10. Dezember 1834 bis 18. April 1835 und vom 30. August 1841 bis 30. Juni 1846 und vertrat als Abgeordneter im Unterhaus die Interessen des Landadels (der “Gentry”) und der Geistlichkeit im Königreich sowie die Interessen der englischen Oberschicht in Irland. (de) Siro Robert PEEL, barono (n. 5-an de februaro 1788, Bury, , Anglio – m. 2-an de julio 1850, Londono), brita ĉefministro (1834–35, 1841–46), fondinto de la Konservativa Partio kaj la unua konservativa registaro. Oni ligas al lia nomo la forviŝon de leĝoj barantaj la grenan importon. Lia patro estis riĉa teksaĵa fabrikisto, Peel studis en Harrow kaj Oksfordo kaj kiel li atingi plenaĝon, li iĝis parlamenta reprezentanto per helpo de patra mono (1809). Kiel kapablan junulon, oni nomumis lin en 1810 vicministro pri militaraj kaj koloniaj aferoj. Du jarojn poste li respondecis kiel ŝtata sekretario pri Irlando, li kontraŭis enparlamentiĝon de la katolikoj. Li iĝis en 1817 parlamenta reprezentanto de la Oksforda Universitato, en 1819 prezidanto de la deviza komisiono. Kiel ministro pri internaj aferoj, li radikale tralaboris la punleĝojn (1825-1830), en 1829 starigis policojn en Londono. Oni nomis la policistojn kiel filojn de Bobby aŭ „bobbioj”. Kiam ŝanĝiĝis persono de la ĉefministro en 1827, Peel abdikis protestante kontraŭ la egalrajtigo de la katolikistoj. Komence de 1828 li revenis kiel ministro pri la internaj aferoj kaj kiel gvidanto de la Malsupra Ĉambro. Post fondiĝo de la Irlanda Katolika Asocio (Catholic Association), okazis politika krizo en 1828–29 kaj Peel devis abdiki. Wellington konvinkis en 1829 Peel-on por revenis en la oficon kaj akceptigi la kompromisojn favorajn al la katolikoj. Pro la opiniŝanĝo, oni atakis lin kaj perdis eĉ la reprezentantan sidejon de Oksfordo. Li iĝis ĉefministro en novembro de 1834, sed la Konservativa Partio ne havis plimulton en la Malsupra Ĉambro. Lia manifesto de Tamworth fundamentis principojn de la konservativa reformo kaj li iĝis gvidanto de la partio. Li abdikis en 1835, kiam kunagadis la opoziciuloj (liberaloj, radikaloj, naciaj irlandanoj). Dum la sekvaj ses jaroj, la Konservativa Partio daŭre fortiĝis. Post la parlamentaj elektoj de 1841, li gvidis la plej gravan registaron de la jarcento. Dum lia regado, li draste malpliigis la protaktajn dogantarifojn, enkondukis la imposton de la enspezoj, ellasis bank-leĝon en 1844, kiu bazis sur orsistemo. Peel plibonigis la eksterlandajn rilatojn al Francio kaj Usono. Post kiam fiaskis la komploto de en Irlando (1843), Peel starigis komisionon pri analizo de situo de la bienuloj kaj la irlandaj luistoj. Li akceptigis en 1845 leĝon pri larĝskala studebleco de la irlandanoj. Ĉar Peel liberale rilatis al la irlanda demando kaj eĉ monapogis katolikan pastroedukejon de Maynooth, ekis grandajn kontraŭsentojn en la protestanta Anglio kaj eĉ malboniĝis lia pozicio en la partio. La terpoma fitoftoro de 1845 kaŭzis en Irlando grandan malsategon. Peel volis akceptigi leĝon pri ĉesigo de la Grenleĝoj, sed tio ne sukcesis kaj li devis abdiki en 1845. Ĉar Lordo John Russell ne sukcesis starigi registaron, Peel revenis en la oficon kaj post longa politika batalo, en junio de 1846, oni ĉesigis la grenleĝojn. Li apogis ĝismorte la liberan komercadon kaj liberalan registaron de Russell. Li mortis en 1850 pro rajda akcidento. (eo) Sir Robert Peel Erresuma Batuko Alderdi Kontserbadoreko britainiar politikari eta estatista izan zen. Peel birritan Erresuma Batuko lehen ministro izan zen: aurreneko aldiz, 1834ko abenduaren 10tik 1835eko apirilaren 8ra; eta bigarren aldiz, 1841eko abuztuaren 30tik 1846ko ekainaren 29ra. (eu) Sir Robert Peel, II Baronet, (Ramsbottom, Lancashire, 5 de febrero de 1788 - 2 de julio de 1850) fue un estadista y político británico del Partido Conservador, primer ministro del Reino Unido en dos ocasiones (1834-35 y 1841-46). (es) Ba Phríomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe é Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 Feabhra 1788 – 2 Iúil 1850). Bhí sé in oifig ó Nollaig 1834 go dtí Aibreán 1835 agus arís ó Mheán Fómhair 1841 go dtí Iúil 1846. Rugadh in Bury, Lancashire é. Ba thionscnóir agus feisire é a athair, Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet. (ga) Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, FRS (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) simultaneously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–1835) and twice as Home Secretary (1822–1827 and 1828–1830). He is regarded as the father of modern British policing, owing to his founding of the Metropolitan Police Service. Peel was one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party. The son of a wealthy textile-manufacturer and politician, Peel was the first prime minister from an industrial business background. He earned a double first in classics and mathematics from Christ Church, Oxford. He entered the House of Commons in 1809, and became a rising star in the Tory Party. Peel entered the Cabinet as Home Secretary (1822–1827), where he reformed and liberalised the criminal law and created the modern police force, leading to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as "bobbies" and "peelers". After a brief period out of office he returned as Home Secretary under his political mentor the Duke of Wellington (1828–1830), also serving as Leader of the House of Commons. Initially a supporter of continued legal discrimination against Catholics, Peel reversed himself and supported the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 and the 1828 repeal of the Test Act, claiming that "though emancipation was a great danger, civil strife was a greater danger". After being in Opposition from 1830 to 1834, he became Prime Minister in November 1834. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto (December 1834), laying down the principles upon which the modern British Conservative Party is based. His first ministry was a minority government, dependent on Whig support and with Peel serving as his own Chancellor of the Exchequer. After only four months, his government collapsed and he served as Leader of the Opposition during Melbourne's second government (1835–1841). Peel became Prime Minister again after the 1841 general election. His second government ruled for five years. He cut tariffs to stimulate trade, replacing the lost revenue with a 3% income tax. He played a central role in making free trade a reality and set up a modern banking system. His government's major legislation included the Mines and Collieries Act 1842, the Income Tax Act 1842, the Factories Act 1844 and the Railway Regulation Act 1844. Peel's government was weakened by anti-Catholic sentiment following the controversial increase in the Maynooth Grant of 1845. After the outbreak of the Great Irish Famine, his decision to join with Whigs and Radicals to repeal the Corn Laws led to his resignation as Prime Minister in 1846. Peel remained an influential MP and leader of the Peelite faction until his death in 1850. Peel often started from a traditional Tory position in opposition to a measure, then reversed his stance and became the leader in supporting liberal legislation. This happened with the Test Act, Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Act, income tax and, most notably, the repeal of the Corn Laws. Historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote: "Peel was in the first rank of 19th century statesmen. He carried Catholic Emancipation; he repealed the Corn Laws; he created the modern Conservative Party on the ruins of the old Toryism." (en) Robert Peel, né le 5 février 1788 à Ramsbottom dans le Lancashire et mort le 2 juillet 1850 à Londres, est un homme d'État britannique du XIXe siècle. Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni de 1834 à 1835 puis de 1841 à 1846, il favorise le passage de l'économie de son pays au système du libre-échange. Il exerce également les fonctions de chancelier de l'Échiquier au cours de son premier mandat et de secrétaire d'État à l'Intérieur de 1822 à 1827 et de 1828 à 1830. Issu d'un milieu aisé, il effectue une scolarité brillante à Oxford et est élu pour la première fois député en 1809. Il s'affirme rapidement comme l'une des étoiles montantes du Parti tory et, après avoir occupé divers postes gouvernementaux, intègre le cabinet en 1822 en tant que ministre de l'Intérieur. Fidèle soutien du duc de Wellington, il mène plusieurs réformes judiciaires et se prononce, à la fin des années 1820, en faveur de l'acte d'émancipation des catholiques. Dans l'opposition de 1830 à 1834, Peel est nommé Premier ministre en novembre de la même année, mais pour une durée de seulement quatre mois, au cours desquels il édicte le « manifeste de Tamworth », considéré comme l'acte fondateur du Parti conservateur actuel. Il cède le pouvoir aux libéraux et retourne dans l'opposition jusqu'en 1841. Il reprend alors la tête du gouvernement et se maintient au pouvoir pendant cinq ans. Son second mandat est marqué par la création de l'impôt sur le revenu, la réforme du système bancaire et la promotion du libre-échange, en particulier la suppression des Corn Laws en réponse à la grande famine irlandaise. L'adoption de cette dernière mesure, contraire à la position majoritaire des tories, précipite la chute du gouvernement Peel. Jusqu'à sa mort, Peel conserve une grande influence au sein de son parti en tant que chef de la faction peelite. L'historien britannique A. J. P. Taylor écrit que « Peel figura au premier rang des hommes d'État du XIXe siècle. Il arracha l'émancipation des catholiques ; abrogea les Corn Laws ; et créa le Parti conservateur moderne sur les ruines de l'ancien toryisme ». (fr) Sir Robert Peel (5 Februari 1788 – 2 Juli 1850) ialah politikus Britania Raya yang penting. Ia membuat banyak hukum terkenal di Britania Raya termasuk angkatan kepolisian dan menjabat perdana menteri secara singkat. Pada 1835 ia menerbitkan , yang memberitahu orang bagaimana ia menginginkan pemerintahan berjalan. Ia naik jabatan pada 1841, mengalahkan pemerintahan Lord Melbourne, dan memerintah negeri itu dari 1846. Selama masa ini, keterkenalan Peel dengan partai lain menjadi lemah karena banyak dari mereka berpikir ia terlalu bangga, dan tak menyukai cara yang ia mengubah pikirannya atas banyak persoalan penting, sering tanpa memberi tahu mereka dulu. Kekalahan partainya Konservatif pada 1846 diikuti dengan masa singkatnya di House of Commons sampai kematiannya pada 1850, akibat kecelakaan pacuan kuda. (in) 제2대 준남작 로버트 필 경(Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, 1788년 2월 5일 ~ 1850년 7월 2일)은 영국의 정치인이자 보수당의 당원으로, 연합왕국의 총리를 두 번(1834~1835년,1841~1846년) 역임하였고, 도 두 번(1822~1827년, 1828~1830년) 역임하였다. 현대 영국 경찰의 아버지이자 현대 보수당의 설립자들 가운데 한 명으로 간주된다. (ko) Robert Peel (Bury, 5 februari 1788 – 2 juli 1850) was de premier van het Verenigd Koninkrijk van december 1834 tot april 1835, en daarna opnieuw van juni 1841 tot 29 juni 1846. (nl) 第2代準男爵サー・ロバート・ピール(英: Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, PC, FRS、1788年2月5日 - 1850年7月2日)は、イギリスの政治家。 ウェリントン公爵が党首を退いた後の保守党を指導し、首相を2度にわたって務めた(1834年 - 1835年、1841年 - 1846年)。ウィリアム4世の治世からヴィクトリア朝初期にかけてホイッグ党党首メルバーン子爵と政権を奪い合った。 保守党の政治家ながらに自由主義的な人物であり、穀物法廃止をめぐって保守党が分裂した後は自由貿易を奉じるピール派を旗揚げした。 (ja) Robert Peel (Bury, 5 febbraio 1788 – Westminster, 2 luglio 1850) è stato un politico britannico.Ha fatto parte del Partito Conservatore, del quale fu capo di una fazione nota come Peelites dal suo nome. Fu Segretario di Stato per l'Interno (Home Secretary) durante il regno di Giorgio IV (1822-1830). Nel 1829 creò la Metropolitan Police Service, i cui componenti sono meglio noti come Bobbies (dal nome Robert). Si tratta di forze dell'ordine non armate che agiscono nelle città. In seguito, fu Primo ministro del Regno Unito due volte: dal 10 dicembre 1834 all'8 aprile 1835 e dal 30 agosto 1841 al 29 giugno 1846. (it) Robert Peel, 2.º Baronete (Bury, 5 de fevereiro de 1788 — Londres, 2 de julho de 1850) foi um político britânico, primeiro-ministro de seu país de 10 de dezembro de 1834 a 8 de Abril de 1835 e de 30 de Agosto de 1841 a 29 de Junho de 1846. Ajudou a criar o conceito moderno da força policial do Reino Unido. Seu pai era um fabricante de têxtil na Revolução Industrial. Peel foi educado na Escola primária Hipperholme, depois em Harrow School e finalmente na Christ Church, em Oxford. Faleceu em Londres em 2 de julho de 1850, a consequência de um acidente de cavalo na estrada Constitution Hill. Encontra-se sepultado em St Peter Churchyard, , Staffordshire na Inglaterra. (pt) Robert Peel (ur. 5 lutego 1788 w Bury w Lancashire, zm. 2 lipca 1850 w Londynie) – brytyjski polityk, premier Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1834-1835 oraz 1841-1846. Rząd Peela, który dziś określany jest jako konserwatywny (współczesna brytyjska Partia Konserwatywna uważana jest za polityczną spadkobierczynię stronnictwa Torysów), wprowadził ustawy promujące wolny handel. Żeby złagodzić skutki wielkiej klęski nieurodzaju, która nawiedziła Anglię i Irlandię w latach 1841-1847, zniósł cła na zboże, co wywołało rozłam w partii. (pl) Роберт Пиль (Пил; англ. Robert Peel; 5 февраля 1788[…], Ramsbottom[d], Большой Манчестер — 2 июля 1850[…], Вестминстер, Большой Лондон) — британский государственный деятель. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1822). Консерватор, один из основателей современной консервативной партии. Дважды был премьер-министром (в 1834—1835 и 1841—1846 годах), и дважды министром внутренних дел (1822—1827 и 1828—1830). Считается отцом современной британской полиции благодаря основанию столичной полицейской службы. (ru) Sir Robert Peel, 2:e baronet PC FRS, född 5 februari 1788 i Bury i Lancashire, död 2 juli 1850 i London, var en brittisk politiker. Han var premiärminister från december 1834 till april 1835 och från september 1841 till juli 1846. Han var son till industrimannen Robert Peel samt far till Robert, Frederick, William och Arthur Wellesley Peel. (sv) 罗伯特·皮尔爵士,第二代從男爵(英語:Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet,1788年2月5日-1850年7月2日),Bt,FRS,出生于英國布莱克本附近,政治家,他被看作是英国保守党的创建人,及倫敦警察廳的成立者。 他曾经从1834年12月10日至1835年4月18日和从1841年8月30日至1846年6月30日出任英国首相,在英国下议院中他代表地方贵族、神职人员和爱尔兰高层阶层的利益。 (zh) Роберт Піль (англ. Robert Peel; 5 лютого 1788, Бері, Ланкашир — 2 липня 1850, Лондон) — британський державний і полiтичний діяч. (uk)
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rdfs:comment Robert Peel, 2. baronet (5. února 1788, Ramsbottom, Lancashire, Spojené království – 2. července 1850, Westminster, Londýn) byl britský státník, člen Konzervativní strany a premiér. V době kdy zastával funkci ministra vnitra, pomohl vytvořit moderní koncepci policie (neformální pojmenování britských policistů bobbies v Anglii a peelers v Irsku je odvozeno od jeho jména). Zapojil se do vzniku Konzervativní strany z původní strany Toryů a prosadil zrušení dodatečného cla na obilí (Corn Laws). (cs) Sir Robert Peel, 2. Baronet (* 5. Februar 1788 in Chamber Hall bei Bury, Lancashire; † 2. Juli 1850 in London), war ein britischer Staatsmann und Politiker. Er gilt als Begründer der Konservativen Partei. Peel war Premierminister vom 10. Dezember 1834 bis 18. April 1835 und vom 30. August 1841 bis 30. Juni 1846 und vertrat als Abgeordneter im Unterhaus die Interessen des Landadels (der “Gentry”) und der Geistlichkeit im Königreich sowie die Interessen der englischen Oberschicht in Irland. (de) Sir Robert Peel Erresuma Batuko Alderdi Kontserbadoreko britainiar politikari eta estatista izan zen. Peel birritan Erresuma Batuko lehen ministro izan zen: aurreneko aldiz, 1834ko abenduaren 10tik 1835eko apirilaren 8ra; eta bigarren aldiz, 1841eko abuztuaren 30tik 1846ko ekainaren 29ra. (eu) Sir Robert Peel, II Baronet, (Ramsbottom, Lancashire, 5 de febrero de 1788 - 2 de julio de 1850) fue un estadista y político británico del Partido Conservador, primer ministro del Reino Unido en dos ocasiones (1834-35 y 1841-46). (es) Ba Phríomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe é Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 Feabhra 1788 – 2 Iúil 1850). Bhí sé in oifig ó Nollaig 1834 go dtí Aibreán 1835 agus arís ó Mheán Fómhair 1841 go dtí Iúil 1846. Rugadh in Bury, Lancashire é. Ba thionscnóir agus feisire é a athair, Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet. (ga) 제2대 준남작 로버트 필 경(Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, 1788년 2월 5일 ~ 1850년 7월 2일)은 영국의 정치인이자 보수당의 당원으로, 연합왕국의 총리를 두 번(1834~1835년,1841~1846년) 역임하였고, 도 두 번(1822~1827년, 1828~1830년) 역임하였다. 현대 영국 경찰의 아버지이자 현대 보수당의 설립자들 가운데 한 명으로 간주된다. (ko) Robert Peel (Bury, 5 februari 1788 – 2 juli 1850) was de premier van het Verenigd Koninkrijk van december 1834 tot april 1835, en daarna opnieuw van juni 1841 tot 29 juni 1846. (nl) 第2代準男爵サー・ロバート・ピール(英: Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, PC, FRS、1788年2月5日 - 1850年7月2日)は、イギリスの政治家。 ウェリントン公爵が党首を退いた後の保守党を指導し、首相を2度にわたって務めた(1834年 - 1835年、1841年 - 1846年)。ウィリアム4世の治世からヴィクトリア朝初期にかけてホイッグ党党首メルバーン子爵と政権を奪い合った。 保守党の政治家ながらに自由主義的な人物であり、穀物法廃止をめぐって保守党が分裂した後は自由貿易を奉じるピール派を旗揚げした。 (ja) Robert Peel (ur. 5 lutego 1788 w Bury w Lancashire, zm. 2 lipca 1850 w Londynie) – brytyjski polityk, premier Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1834-1835 oraz 1841-1846. Rząd Peela, który dziś określany jest jako konserwatywny (współczesna brytyjska Partia Konserwatywna uważana jest za polityczną spadkobierczynię stronnictwa Torysów), wprowadził ustawy promujące wolny handel. Żeby złagodzić skutki wielkiej klęski nieurodzaju, która nawiedziła Anglię i Irlandię w latach 1841-1847, zniósł cła na zboże, co wywołało rozłam w partii. (pl) Роберт Пиль (Пил; англ. Robert Peel; 5 февраля 1788[…], Ramsbottom[d], Большой Манчестер — 2 июля 1850[…], Вестминстер, Большой Лондон) — британский государственный деятель. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1822). Консерватор, один из основателей современной консервативной партии. Дважды был премьер-министром (в 1834—1835 и 1841—1846 годах), и дважды министром внутренних дел (1822—1827 и 1828—1830). Считается отцом современной британской полиции благодаря основанию столичной полицейской службы. (ru) Sir Robert Peel, 2:e baronet PC FRS, född 5 februari 1788 i Bury i Lancashire, död 2 juli 1850 i London, var en brittisk politiker. Han var premiärminister från december 1834 till april 1835 och från september 1841 till juli 1846. Han var son till industrimannen Robert Peel samt far till Robert, Frederick, William och Arthur Wellesley Peel. (sv) 罗伯特·皮尔爵士,第二代從男爵(英語:Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet,1788年2月5日-1850年7月2日),Bt,FRS,出生于英國布莱克本附近,政治家,他被看作是英国保守党的创建人,及倫敦警察廳的成立者。 他曾经从1834年12月10日至1835年4月18日和从1841年8月30日至1846年6月30日出任英国首相,在英国下议院中他代表地方贵族、神职人员和爱尔兰高层阶层的利益。 (zh) Роберт Піль (англ. Robert Peel; 5 лютого 1788, Бері, Ланкашир — 2 липня 1850, Лондон) — британський державний і полiтичний діяч. (uk) السير روبرت بيل (بالإنجليزية: Robert Peel)‏، البارونت الثاني، زميل الجمعية الملكية (5 فبراير 1788 - 2 يوليو 1850) هو رجل دولة بريطاني محافظ شغل مرتين منصب رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة (1834–1835 و1841-1846) ومرتين وزيرًا للداخلية (1822–1827 و1828-1830). يعتبر أب الشرطة البريطانية الحديثة، بسبب تأسيسه لدائرة شرطة العاصمة. كان بيل أحد مؤسسي حزب المحافظين الحديث. (ar) Sir Robert Peel 2n baronet va ser un estadista i polític britànic del Partit Conservador. Peel va ser Primer Ministre del Regne Unit entre el 10 de desembre de 1834 i el 8 d'abril de 1835 i del 30 d'agost de 1841 al 29 de juny de 1846. Va ser nomenat primer ministre el 1834. Va passar després a l'oposició, evoluciona cap al liberalisme, i va tornar a ser primer ministre entre 1841 i 1846, va actuar en col·laboració amb el partit whig. Va reformar el sistema fiscal, i va atorgar drets civils als jueus. (ca) Siro Robert PEEL, barono (n. 5-an de februaro 1788, Bury, , Anglio – m. 2-an de julio 1850, Londono), brita ĉefministro (1834–35, 1841–46), fondinto de la Konservativa Partio kaj la unua konservativa registaro. Oni ligas al lia nomo la forviŝon de leĝoj barantaj la grenan importon. Lia patro estis riĉa teksaĵa fabrikisto, Peel studis en Harrow kaj Oksfordo kaj kiel li atingi plenaĝon, li iĝis parlamenta reprezentanto per helpo de patra mono (1809). Kiel kapablan junulon, oni nomumis lin en 1810 vicministro pri militaraj kaj koloniaj aferoj. (eo) Robert Peel, né le 5 février 1788 à Ramsbottom dans le Lancashire et mort le 2 juillet 1850 à Londres, est un homme d'État britannique du XIXe siècle. Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni de 1834 à 1835 puis de 1841 à 1846, il favorise le passage de l'économie de son pays au système du libre-échange. Il exerce également les fonctions de chancelier de l'Échiquier au cours de son premier mandat et de secrétaire d'État à l'Intérieur de 1822 à 1827 et de 1828 à 1830. (fr) Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, FRS (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) simultaneously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–1835) and twice as Home Secretary (1822–1827 and 1828–1830). He is regarded as the father of modern British policing, owing to his founding of the Metropolitan Police Service. Peel was one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party. (en) Sir Robert Peel (5 Februari 1788 – 2 Juli 1850) ialah politikus Britania Raya yang penting. Ia membuat banyak hukum terkenal di Britania Raya termasuk angkatan kepolisian dan menjabat perdana menteri secara singkat. Pada 1835 ia menerbitkan , yang memberitahu orang bagaimana ia menginginkan pemerintahan berjalan. Ia naik jabatan pada 1841, mengalahkan pemerintahan Lord Melbourne, dan memerintah negeri itu dari 1846. Selama masa ini, keterkenalan Peel dengan partai lain menjadi lemah karena banyak dari mereka berpikir ia terlalu bangga, dan tak menyukai cara yang ia mengubah pikirannya atas banyak persoalan penting, sering tanpa memberi tahu mereka dulu. Kekalahan partainya Konservatif pada 1846 diikuti dengan masa singkatnya di House of Commons sampai kematiannya pada 1850, akibat kecelak (in) Robert Peel (Bury, 5 febbraio 1788 – Westminster, 2 luglio 1850) è stato un politico britannico.Ha fatto parte del Partito Conservatore, del quale fu capo di una fazione nota come Peelites dal suo nome. Fu Segretario di Stato per l'Interno (Home Secretary) durante il regno di Giorgio IV (1822-1830). Nel 1829 creò la Metropolitan Police Service, i cui componenti sono meglio noti come Bobbies (dal nome Robert). Si tratta di forze dell'ordine non armate che agiscono nelle città. (it) Robert Peel, 2.º Baronete (Bury, 5 de fevereiro de 1788 — Londres, 2 de julho de 1850) foi um político britânico, primeiro-ministro de seu país de 10 de dezembro de 1834 a 8 de Abril de 1835 e de 30 de Agosto de 1841 a 29 de Junho de 1846. Ajudou a criar o conceito moderno da força policial do Reino Unido. Seu pai era um fabricante de têxtil na Revolução Industrial. Peel foi educado na Escola primária Hipperholme, depois em Harrow School e finalmente na Christ Church, em Oxford. (pt)
rdfs:label Robert Peel (en) روبرت بيل (ar) Robert Peel (ca) Robert Peel (cs) Robert Peel (de) Robert Peel (eo) Robert Peel (es) Robert Peel (eu) Robert Peel (ga) Robert Peel (in) Robert Peel (it) Robert Peel (fr) 로버트 필 (ko) ロバート・ピール (ja) Robert Peel (nl) Robert Peel (pl) Пиль, Роберт (ru) Robert Peel (pt) Robert Peel (1788–1850) (sv) Роберт Піль (uk) 罗伯特·皮尔 (zh)
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