Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (original) (raw)

Henry John Temple, 3. Viscount Palmerston (* 20. Oktober 1784 in Broadlands, Hampshire; † 18. Oktober 1865 auf seinem Landgut Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire) war ein britischer Peer, Staatsmann und Premierminister (1855–1858 und 1859–1865).

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dbo:abstract	Henry Temple, 3. vikomt Palmerston, (20. říjen 1784 – 18. říjen 1865) byl britský státník, který po dvě funkční období zastával funkci premiéra. Většinou je uváděn jako lord Palmerston. V různých vládních funkcích působil téměř nepřetržitě od roku 1807 až do své smrti roku 1865. Svou politickou kariéru zahájil jako člen strany toryů a ukončil ji jako člen Liberální strany. Nejvíce je zmiňováno jeho směrování zahraniční politiky v období, kdy se Británie nacházela na vrcholu své moci a kdy působil jako ministr zahraničí nebo předseda vlády. Některé jeho agresivní kroky, označované jako intervencionistické, byly kontroverzní už v době, kdy je uplatňoval, a jejich použití je sporné i z dnešního pohledu. (cs) Henry John Temple, tercer Vescomte de Palmerston KG GCB PC, també conegut com a Lord Palmerston o simplement com a Henry Temple (Ciutat de Westminster, 20 d'octubre de 1784 - , Hertfordshire, 18 d'octubre de 1865), va ser un polític britànic que va ocupar el càrrec de Primer Ministre del Regne Unit a mitjan segle xix durant dues ocasions: la primera entre el 6 de febrer del 1855 i el 19 de febrer de 1858, i la segona entre el 12 de juny de 1859 i el 18 d'octubre de 1865. Va ocupar càrrecs en el govern continuadament des de l'any 1807 fins al dia de la seva mort. Va començar la seva particular carrera al Partit Tory, i la va concloure com a liberal. Va ser un polític aristocràtic de perfil antic. De cor liberal, favorable al progrés tecnològic i completament oposat a la noció de govern democràtic a la Gran Bretanya. Durant els seus primers vint anys de carrera, Lord Palmerston va ser considerat com un home de moda, i algunes de les peces poètiques humorístiques més conegudes del New Whig Guide van ser escrites per ell. En aquells començaments estava políticament subordinat al ministeri sense tenir una influència especial en la política general en els gabinets en què servia. Posteriorment va arribar a una major activitat política, per la qual és avui recordat. Cal destacar el seu paper en la direcció dels afers exteriors britànics, durant un període en què el Regne Unit era la major potència mundial, sent la mà dreta del secretari d'Exteriors, i del Primer Ministre. Algunes de les seves agressives accions, actualment considerades com intervencionistes, van causar greus controvèrsies en aquells temps. Així, va participar en la creació de la , entre el Regne Unit, França, Espanya, i Portugal (1834), va consolidar la influència britànica a Egipte, debilitant la francesa ( del 1841), va frenar l'expansionisme de l'Imperi Rus (en les costes del mar Negre), i va aconseguir l'obertura dels ports xinesos al comerç internacional amb la seva contribució a l'esclat de la guerra de l'Opi amb la Xina. La seva època de major prestigi polític va arribar quan va ocupar el càrrec de Primer Ministre del Regne Unit, que va exercir en dues ocasions a mitjans del segle xix. La primera entre el 6 de febrer del 1855 i el 19 de febrer de 1858, i la segona entre el 12 de juny de 1859 i el 18 d'octubre de 1865. El pragmatisme polític de Lord Palmerston es resumeix en la seva frase sobre la necessitat d'atendre els interessos d'Anglaterra més enllà dels aliats i els enemics, pronunciada el 1848. Per tant, dic que és una política estreta suposar que aquest o aquell país ha de ser tingut com l'etern aliat o l'enemic perpetu d'Anglaterra. No tenim aliats eterns ni enemics perpetus. Els nostres interessos són eterns i perpetus, i el nostre deure és seguir aquests interessos. Malgrat el seu conservadorisme quant a reformes de tipus liberal dins del seu país, els seus èxits en política internacional i el seu marcat caràcter nacionalista li van valer una gran popularitat entre els seus compatriotes. En moments crítics de l'imperi, com durant la guerra de Crimea, va ser nomenat primer ministre, i la seva mà fèrria en el control de les colònies (repressió dels sipais de l'Índia, alçats el 1857 i 1858) li va suposar el màxim reconeixement en el seu país. Henry Temple gaudeix de les distincions de l'Orde de la Lligacama i l'Orde del Bany, i va pertànyer al Consell Privat del Regne Unit. Va ser considerat per alguns dels seus contemporanis com un faldiller; The Times el va nomenar Senyor Cupido (a causa de la seva aparença juvenil), El 1839, després de la mort de la seva muller, es va casar amb la seva amant de molts anys, Emily, Lady Cowper. (ca) هنري جون تيمبل (بالإنجليزية: Henry John Temple)‏، يعرف أيضاً بلقب فيسكونت بالميرستون الثالث (بالإنجليزية: 3rd Viscount Palmerston)‏ سياسي بريطاني (20 أكتوبر1784-18 أكتوبر1865). بدأ حياته كمصمم أزياء في مقاهي لندن ثم تمكّن لاحقاً من تولي منصب وزير الخارجية البريطاني في ثلاث مناسبات وخدم مرتين كرئيس وزراء كان له شأن كبير في توسيع دائرة بريطانيا الدبلوماسية الخارجية.فترتا حكمه: * من 6 فبراير 1855 إلى 19 فبراير 1858. * من 12 يونيو 1859 إلى 18 أكتوبر 1865. ساعد بلجيكا واليونان على نيل استقلالهما. وقف ضد محمد علي باشا والى مصر في توسعاته (1839-1841). واجه حرب القرم ببراعة وساعد في استقلال إيطاليا. دبلوماسيته المتهورة رفعت مقام بريطانيا بين الدول. (ar) Henry John Temple, 3. Viscount Palmerston (* 20. Oktober 1784 in Broadlands, Hampshire; † 18. Oktober 1865 auf seinem Landgut Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire) war ein britischer Peer, Staatsmann und Premierminister (1855–1858 und 1859–1865). (de) Ο Χένρυ Τζον Τεμπλ, 3ος Υποκόμης Πάλμερστον (Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, 20 Οκτωβρίου 1784 - 18 Οκτωβρίου 1865), γνωστότερος ως Πάλμερστον, ήταν Άγγλος πολιτικός. Εκλέχθηκε βουλευτής πρώτη φορά το 1807 και λίγο αργότερα ανέλαβε υπουργός Ναυτικού. Από το 1809 διετέλεσε υπουργός των στρατιωτικών μέχρι το 1828, όταν διαφώνησε με τον πρωθυπουργό των Τόρυ, Δούκα του Ουέλλιγκτον, οπότε και παραιτήθηκε προσχωρώντας στο Κόμμα των Ουΐγων (Φιλελεύθερων). Το 1830 που σχηματίσθηκε κυβέρνηση Ουΐγων από τον Λόρδο Τσαρλς Γκρέυ στον Πάλμερστον ανατέθηκε το Υπουργείο των Εξωτερικών το οποίο και διεύθυνε για πολλά χρόνια αποδίδοντας ιδιαίτερη σημασία στη παγίωση της αγγλικής επιρροής επί παντός επιστητού στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο και στην Εγγύς Ανατολή. Υπήρξε ευγενής και είχε τον τίτλο του 3ου Υποκόμη του Πάλμερστον, του ιππότη της Περικνημίδας, του μεγαλόσταυρου ιππότη του Τάγματος του Μπαθ και ήταν μέλος του Συμβουλίου Επικρατείας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου. Η πολιτική του Πάλμερστον επηρέασε σημαντικά και την εξέλιξη του νεοσύστατου τότε Ελληνικού Κράτους. Ενώ ήταν αρχικά φιλέλληνας, έτρεφε αισθήματα συμπάθειας για τους Έλληνες και ήταν υποστηρικτής της ανεξαρτησίας της Ελλάδας, πολλές φορές όμως υποστήριξε τα βρετανικά συμφέροντα που ταυτίζονταν με τη διαφύλαξη της εδαφικής ακεραιότητας της Οθωμανικής αυτοκρατορίας έναντι των ελληνικών, επειδή φοβόταν αφενός τον έλεγχο των στενών των Δαρδανελλίων από τους Ρώσους και αφετέρου την εγκατάσταση των Γάλλων στην Αίγυπτο. Αυτός ήταν και ο κύριος λόγος που επεδίωξε και πέτυχε την υπογραφή της συνθήκης του 1839 με τις υπόλοιπες Μεγάλες Δυνάμεις, μέσω της οποίας προστατευόταν πλέον η ακεραιότητα της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας, η Γαλλία έπαψε να υποστηρίζει την εκστρατεία απόσχισης του ηγεμόνα της Αιγύπτου, Μωχάμετ Άλη, από την Υψηλή Πύλη, αλλά και ακόμη αντιτάχθηκε στην επέκταση της Ρωσίας στην Κεντρική Ασία και Ινδία που είχε ως συνέπεια την πρόκληση του πολέμου κατά της Κίνας. Γενικά ως Υπουργός αναμιγνυόταν με οξύτητα σε υποθέσεις ευρωπαϊκών Χωρών φερόμενος υπεροπτικά σε ξένους πρεσβευτές, ήταν ισχυρογνώμων και αυταρχικός, διέγειρε εντός αλλά και εκτός της Αγγλίας ισχυρές αντιπάθειες προσπαθώντας να διατηρεί με το μέρος του την αγγλική κοινή γνώμη από τη θέρμη με την οποία υπεράσπιζε τα αγγλικά συμφέροντα. Όταν το 1841 η κυβέρνηση των Ουΐγων παραιτήθηκε, ο Πάλμερστον για μια πενταετία περιορίσθηκε στη δράση του βουλευτού μέχρι το 1846 που ανέλαβαν πάλι οι Ουΐγοι και ο ίδιος πάλι ως Υπουργός των Εξωτερικών. Τότε υποστήριξε τα κινήματα ευρωπαϊκών λαών για την ανεξαρτησία τους, αλλ΄ όμως δεν δίστασε το 1850, κατόπιν επεισοδίου του ισπανοεβραίου και Άγγλου υπηκόου Δαυίδ Πατσίφικο να ασκήσει κατά της Ελλάδας βιαιότατη πολιτική χωρίς προηγουμένη στοιχειώδη έρευνα, λόγω αντιπάθειας που έτρεφε προς τον βασιλιά Όθωνα. Αντιμετωπίζοντας τότε ο ίδιος εξέγερση μέσα στη Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων εκφώνησε βαρυσήμαντο λόγο υποστηρίζοντας ότι η Μεγάλη Βρετανία στην υπεράσπιση των υπηκόων της έχει και το δικαίωμα να υποκαθιστά τα ξένα δικαστήρια και ότι κάθε Βρετανός υπήκοος οπουδήποτε στη Γη ευρισκόμενος μπορεί επί των ημερών του να λέγει υπερήφανα μπροστά σε όλο τον κόσμο «Είμαι Άγγλος πολίτης!».Το 1851 αναμίχθηκε κρυφά στο πραξικόπημα του Ναπολέοντα Γ΄ παρότι υποστήριξε ότι δεν είχε καμία ανάμιξη στα εσωτερικά της Γαλλίας, τότε εξήγειρε πολλούς δυσαρεστημένους από την πολιτική του και της έντονα εριστικής του προκλητικότητας, προκάλεσε ακόμα και τη Βασίλισσα Βικτωρία που με επιστολή της ζήτησε από τον Πρωθυπουργό Τζον Ράσσελ τη παύση του. Το 1852 ως έντονα αντιπολιτευόμενος πλέον τον Ράσσελ κατάφερε με τη πολεμική των εριστικών του λόγων την πτώση της κυβέρνησής του και μετέχων στη νέα κυβέρνηση του Κόμη του Αμπερντήν ανέλαβε το υπουργείο Εσωτερικών. Παρά ταύτα συνέχισε να επηρεάζει τις εξωτερικές υποθέσεις της Αγγλίας εξωθώντας αυτήν ακόμη και σε πόλεμο με τη Ρωσία σε συμμαχία με τη Γαλλία. Όταν δε απέτυχαν οι επιχειρήσεις στη Κριμαία και η κυβέρνηση Αμπερντήν παραιτήθηκε τότε το 1855 του ανατέθηκε η πρωθυπουργία. Τρία χρόνια μετά το 1858 όταν καταψηφίστηκε νομοσχέδιο που είχε υποβάλει στη Βουλή κατά των συνωμοτών, για χάρη του Ναπολέοντα Γ΄, μετά την εναντίον του δολοφονική απόπειρα του Ιταλού μετανάστη Φελίτσε Ορσίνι, παραιτήθηκε. Όμως τον επόμενο χρόνο το 1859 κλήθηκε και πάλι στη πρωθυπουργία που και διατήρησε μέχρι το θάνατό του σε ηλικία 80 ετών. Ο Πάλμερστον υπήρξε ένας από τους ισχυρότερους πολιτικούς της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας αλλά και ένας από τους φανατικότερους θιασώτες της ιδέας της αγγλικής υπερηγεμονίας του κόσμου. (el) Henry John Temple, 3a Vicgrafo PALMERSTON, OĜ, , membro de la Privata Konsilantaro (20a de oktobro 1784 – 18a de oktobro 1865) estis britia ŝtatestro kiu estis dufoje ĉefministro de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando meze de la 19a jarcento. Populare kromnomita "Pam", li estis en registara posteno preskaŭ konstante el 1807 ĝis sia morto en 1865, ekinte sian parlamentan karieron kiel mebro de la Konservativa Partio kaj konklude kiel liberalo. Li estas plej bone rememorita pro sia estreco de la brita eksterlanda politiko tra periodo kiam Britio estis je la pinto de sia povo, kiam li iĝis kaj Sekretario por Eksterlandaj Aferoj kaj ĉefministro. Kelkaj el liaj agresemaj agadoj, nune foje konsideritaj liberala intervenismo, estis tre polemikaj tiam, kaj tio restas ankoraŭ nuntempe. Li estis la ununura ĉedfministro pli ol 70jaraĝa je la komenco de sia unua regotempo kaj estas la plej ĵusa britia ĉefministro mortinta dumpostene. (eo) Henry John Temple, 3.er vizconde de Palmerston KG GCB PC, también conocido como Lord Palmerston o simplemente como Henry Temple (Westminster, 20 de octubre de 1784 - Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, 18 de octubre de 1865), fue un político británico que ocupó el cargo de primer ministro del Reino Unido a mediados del siglo XIX durante dos ocasiones (1855-58 y 1859-65). Dominó los asuntos exteriores británicos en el período que va desde 1830 hasta 1865, cuando el Reino Unido estaba en la cumbre de su poder imperial. Participó en el gobierno continuadamente desde el año 1807 hasta el día de su fallecimiento en 1865. Comenzó su carrera parlamentaria como tory, luego se pasó a los whigs en 1830, y se convirtió en el primer primer ministro del recientemente creado Partido Liberal en 1859. Palmerston sucedió en su nobleza irlandesa a su padre en 1802. Se convirtió en miembro del Parlamento, por los tories, en 1807 (su nobleza irlandesa no le impedía obtener un asiento en la Cámara de los Comunes, porque no le permitía sentarse en la Cámara de los Lores). Desde 1809 hasta 1828 sirvió como (Secretary at War), en cuyo puesto fue responsable de organizar las finanzas del ejército. Logró rango de gabinete por vez primera en 1827, cuando George Canning se convirtió en primer ministro, pero, como otros , dimitió del cargo un año después. Sirvió como Secretario de Exteriores 1830-34, 1835-41, y 1846-51. En este cargo, Palmerston respondió eficazmente a una serie de conflictos en Europa. Sus beligerantes acciones como Secretario de Exteriores, alguna de las cuales fueron muy controvertidas, han sido consideradas como prototipos de la práctica de . Palmerston se convirtió en ministro del Interior en el gobierno de coalición de Aberdeen, en 1852, después de la defensa peelite del nombramiento de Lord John Russell para el cargo de Secretario de Exteriores. Como Home Secretary, Palmerston emprendió varias reformas sociales, aunque se opuso a la reforma electoral. Cuando la antipatía pública sobre la política gubernamental en la Guerra de Crimea perdió el favor popular del gobierno, en 1855, Palmerston fue el único primer ministro que fue capaz de lograr una mayoría en el Parlamento. Desempeñó el cargo en dos períodos, 1855-1858 y 1859-1865, antes de morir a los 80 años de edad, unos pocos meses después de la victoria en unas elecciones generales en la que logró una mayoría incrementada. Sigue siendo, hasta la fecha, el último primer ministro que murió en el ejercicio del cargo. Palmerston con gran habilidad controló la opinión pública al estimular el nacionalismo británico, y, a pesar del hecho de que la reina Victoria y la mayor parte de los líderes políticos desconfiaban de él, recibió y mantuvo el favor de la prensa y del pueblo, de quien recibió el afectuoso apodo de 'Pam'. Las debilidades que se alegan de Palmerston incluyeron la mala gestión de las relaciones personales, y continuos desacuerdos con la reina sobre el papel regio en la política internacional. Los historiadores consideran a Palmerston uno de los mejores secretarios de asuntos exteriores, de la manera en que manejó las grandes crisis, su compromiso con el equilibrio de poder, que proporcionaba al Reino Unido una acción decisiva en muchos conflictos, sus habilidades analíticas, y su compromiso con los intereses británicos. Su política en relación con la India, Italia, Bélgica y España tuvo amplias consecuencias beneficiosas, que perduraron en el tiempo, para el Reino Unido: aunque las consecuencias de sus políticas hacia Francia, el Imperio otomano, y los Estados Unidos fueron más efímeras. El pragmatismo político de Lord Palmerston se resume en su frase «No tenemos [Inglaterra] aliados eternos, y no tenemos [Inglaterra] enemigos perpetuos. Nuestros intereses son eternos y perpetuos, y nuestra obligación es vigilarlos.». (es) Henry John Temple, Palmerstongo III. bizkondea, politikaria izan zen. Bi bider izan zen Erresuma Batuko Kanpo Arazoetako ministroa (1830-34; 1835-41), eta kargu horretatik konstituzio liberalaren alde egin zuen, bai Britainia Handian, bai atzerrian. Lehen ministroa ere izan zen (1855-58; 1859-65); Krimeako gerra indarrez jarraitu zuen, Italiaren batasuna bultzatu zuen, eta Indiako matxinada deuseztatu zuen. Palmerstonen diplomaziak, gogorra izanik ere, Britainia Handiaren izen ona areagotu zuen. (eu) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated British foreign policy during the period 1830 to 1865, when Britain stood at the height of its imperial power. He held office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865. He began his parliamentary career as a Tory, defected to the Whigs in 1830, and became the first prime minister from the newly formed Liberal Party in 1859. He was highly popular with the British public. David Brown argues that "an important part of Palmerston's appeal lay in his dynamism and vigour". Henry Temple succeeded to his father's Irish peerage (which did not entitle him to a seat in the House of Lords, leaving him eligible to sit in the House of Commons) as the 3rd Viscount Palmerston in 1802. He became a Tory MP in 1807. From 1809 to 1828 he served as Secretary at War, organising the finances of the army. He first attained Cabinet rank in 1827, when George Canning became prime minister, but like other Canningites, he resigned from office one year later. He served as foreign secretary 1830–1834, 1835–1841, and 1846–1851. In this office, Palmerston responded effectively to a series of conflicts in Europe. In 1852 Aberdeen formed a coalition government. The Peelites insisted that Lord John Russell be foreign secretary, forcing Palmerston to take the office of home secretary. As home secretary Palmerston enacted various social reforms, although he opposed electoral reform. When Aberdeen's coalition fell in 1855 over its handling of the Crimean War, Palmerston was the only man able to sustain a majority in Parliament, and he became prime minister. He had two periods in office, 1855–1858 and 1859–1865, before his death at the age of 80 years, a few months after victory in a general election in which he had achieved an increased majority. He remains most recent British prime minister to die in office. Palmerston masterfully controlled public opinion by stimulating British nationalism. Although Queen Victoria and most of the political leadership distrusted him, he received and sustained the favour of the press and the populace, from whom he received the affectionate sobriquet "Pam". Palmerston's alleged weaknesses included mishandling of personal relations, and continual disagreements with the Queen over the royal role in determining foreign policy. Historians rank Palmerston as one of the greatest foreign secretaries, due to his handling of great crises, his commitment to the balance of power (which provided Britain with decisive agency in many conflicts), his analytic skills, and his commitment to British interests. His policies in relation to India, China, Italy, Belgium, and Spain had extensive long-lasting beneficial consequences for Britain. This does not mean that Palmerston is completely without controversy. Palmerston's leadership during the Opium Wars was questioned and denounced by other prominent statesmen such as William Ewart Gladstone. The consequences of the conquest of India may have, at first, seemed to benefit both Britain (in the sense of access to goods and gold) and India (by adding infrastructure and a stable justice system), but this view has been challenged by more recent scholarship. Both the burdens placed on India by enduring the rule of a nation so far away and on the British government saddled with enduring the anxiety of generations of officials on how to properly govern had ended up producing a chaotic administration with minimal coherence. The consequences of his policies toward France, the Ottoman Empire, and the United States proved more ephemeral. (en) Ba é Henry John Temple, 3ú Bíocunta Palmerston, príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe agus ceannaire an Páirtí Liobrálach. Rugadh sé ar an 20 Deireadh Fómhair 1784 agus fuair bás ar an 18 Deireadh Fómhair 1865. (ga) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS (20 Oktober 1784 – 18 Oktober 1865), adalah seorang negarawan Inggris yang dua kali menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri pada aba dke-19. Selama sebagian besar 1830 sampai 1865, ia mendominasi kebijakan asing Inggris saat Inggris berada di puncak kekuatannya. Sering dijuluki "Pam" dan "The Mongoose", ia berada dalam jabatan pemerintahan hampir berkelanjutan dari 1807 sampai kematiannya pada 1865, bermula pada karier parlementernya sebagai , beralih ke pada 1830, dan menjadi Perdana Menteri pertama dari Liberal yang baru dibentuk dari tahun 1859. (in) Henry John Temple, 3e vicomte Palmerston, plus connu sous le nom de Lord Palmerston, né le 20 octobre 1784 à Westminster et mort le 18 octobre 1865 à Brocket Hall (Hertfordshire), est un homme d'État britannique, souvent présent au gouvernement de 1809 à 1865, deux fois premier ministre, évoluant au cours de sa carrière du conservatisme au libéralisme. (fr) 第3代パーマストン子爵ヘンリー・ジョン・テンプル（英: Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS, 1784年10月20日 - 1865年10月18日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。ホイッグ党を自由党に改組した自由党初の首相であり、首相を2期務め（第一次：1855年-1858年、第二次：1859年-1865年）、またそれ以前には外務大臣を3期にわたって務めた（在職1830年-1834年、1835年-1841年、1846年-1851年）。内務大臣（在職1852年-1855年）を務めていた時期もある。ウィリアム4世の治世からヴィクトリア朝中期にかけて主に外交の分野で活躍し、大英帝国の国益や英国民の利益が損なわれることを許容しない強硬外交を行ったことで知られる。ヨーロッパでは会議外交によって各国の利害を調整するバランサーの役割を果たしつつ、ヨーロッパ諸国の自由主義化・ナショナリズム運動を支援する自由主義的外交を行った。非ヨーロッパの低開発国に対しては砲艦外交で不平等条約による自由貿易を強要してイギリスの非公式帝国に組み込む「自由貿易帝国主義」を遂行した。大英帝国の海洋覇権に裏打ちされた「パクス・ブリタニカ」を象徴する人物である。 (ja) 3대 파머스턴 자작 헨리 존 템플(Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, ; 1784년 10월 20일 – 1865년 10월 18일)은 영국의 정치가로 19세기 중반에 걸쳐 두 차례 총리로 역임하였다. 파머스턴은 영국이 제국주의 강국의 정점에 오른 시기인 1830년부터 1865년까지 영국 대외 정책을 주도했다. 그는 토리당에서 의원 경력을 시작하다 1830년 휘그당으로 정당을 옮겼으며, 1859년 새로 창당한 자유당의 첫 총리가 되었다. 그는 영국 대중들에게 매우 유명했다. 데이비드 브라운은 “파머스톤이 대중들에게 어필할 수 있었던 중요한 점으로는 그의 역동력과 열의가 있었다”라고 주장한다. 헨리 템플은 아버지의 (이는 그를 상원이 아닌 하원에 앉게끔 하였다.)를 이어 1802년 3대 파머스턴 자작이 되었다. 그는 1807년 토리당 의원이 되었다. 1809년부터 1828년까지 그는 (Secretary at War)에 재임하여 군 재정을 담당했다. 그는 조지 캐닝이 총리가 된 1827년 처음 장관급 직위를 맡게 되었으나, 다른 의원들(Canningites)처럼 1년 뒤 사임하게 된다. 파머스턴은 1830년-1834년, 1835년-1841년, 1846년-1851년 외무장관(Foreign Secretary)을 역임했다. 그는 외무부에서 유럽에서 연이어 발생한 충돌을 효과적으로 대처했다. 1852년 애버딘은 연립정부를 꾸렸다. 의원들(Peelites)은 존 러셀 경이 외무장관이 되어야 함을 주장하며, 파머스턴으로 하여금 내무장관(Home Secretary)를 맡도록 압박하였다. 내무장관으로서 파머스턴은 선거개혁에는 반대했으나, 여러 사회개혁을 제정했다. 애버딘의 연립정부가 1855년 크림 전쟁 처리로 인하여 붕괴할 때, 파머스턴은 의회 과반수를 유지할 수 있을 유일한 인물이었으며, 그렇게 총리가 되었다. 그는 1855년-1858년, 1859년-1865년에 걸쳐, 과반수 넘게 늘어난 의석수를 달성하여 총선에서 승리한지 몇 달 지나 80세의 나이로 사망할 때까지 두 차례 총리직을 수행했다. 그는 재임중 사망한 마지막 영국 총리이다. 파머스턴은 를 고무시키면서 대중들의 여론을 능숙히 지배했다. 빅토리아 여왕과 대부분의 정치 지도자들은 그를 불신했으나, 그는 언론과 대중들의 지지를 받으며 이를 유지했으며, 그들로부터 “팜(Pam)”이라는 애정 어린 별명까지 받았다. 파머스턴의 약점으로는 미숙한 인간 관계, 대외 정책을 결정하는 데 있어서의 왕실의 역할에 관한 여왕과의 지속적인 의견 충돌 등이 제기되었다. 역사가들은 그가 큰 위기들에 잘 대처한 점, 세력균형을 이루고자 한 그의 헌신(많은 충돌에 있어서 영국에게 결정적인 중개역을 마련해준), 그의 분석 능력, 그가 영국의 이해관계에 전념한 점을 들어, 파머스턴을 가장 위대한 외무장관 중 하나로 꼽는다. 인도, 중국, 이탈리아, 벨기에, 스페인과의 관계에 있어서 그의 정책은 영국에게 광범위하고 오래 지속될 유익한 결과를 가져왔다. 허나 프랑스, 오스만 제국, 미국과의 관계에서는 이와 비교했을 때 더 한시적인 결과만을 보여줬다. (ko) Henry John Temple, terzo visconte Palmerston (Westminster, 29 ottobre 1784 – Brocket Hall, 18 ottobre 1865), è stato un politico inglese. Lord Palmerston viene soprattutto ricordato per la direzione della politica estera del Regno Unito in un periodo in cui la Gran Bretagna si trovava al massimo della sua potenza, in qualità di Segretario di Stato per gli Affari Esteri prima e di Primo Ministro poi. Molte delle sue azioni aggressive, oggi indicate col termine di interventismo, destarono non poche controversie e rimangono un tema delicato. Lo storico A.J.P. Taylor così descrisse il visconte Palmerston: (it) Henry John Temple (ur. 20 października 1784 w Broadlands, Hampshire, zm. 18 października 1865 w Brocket, Hertfordshire) – angielski polityk i arystokrata, premier oraz wielokrotny minister. Od 1807 r. członek Izby Gmin, do roku 1828 członek partii torysów, następnie wigów. Od 1809 r. wielokrotnie minister (m.in. w latach 1830–1841 i 1846–1851 minister spraw zagranicznych, w latach 1853–1855 – spraw wewnętrznych). Premier w latach 1855–1858 oraz 1859–1865. Przeciwny rozszerzaniu prawa wyborczego na robotników. Rzecznik równowagi w Europie (balance of power), sprzyjał tym europejskim ruchom narodowym i liberalnym, które umacniały pozycję Anglii na kontynencie (poparcie dla rewolucji belgijskiej 1830 r., przy nieangażowaniu się w sprawy polskie). W roku 1854 doprowadził do udziału Anglii w wojnie krymskiej, a następnie zawarcia korzystnego pokoju z Rosją w 1856 r. Realizator zaborczej polityki brytyjskiej w Indiach (1842 – wkroczenie do Beludżystanu, 1849 – przyłączenie do kolonii brytyjskiej, 1852 – aneksja Pegu) i w stosunku do Chin (1841 – zajęcie Hongkongu, 1864 – stłumienie powstania tajpingów). Jest autorem często cytowanego zdania: „Wielka Brytania nie ma wiecznych sojuszników ani wiecznych wrogów; wieczne są tylko interesy Wielkiej Brytanii i obowiązek ich ochrony”. (pl) Henry John Temple, 3º Visconde Palmerston (Londres, 20 de outubro de 1784 — Hatfield, 18 de outubro de 1865), também chamado Lorde Palmerston, foi um estadista britânico, que serviu duas vezes como Primeiro-ministro do Reino Unido em meados do século XIX. Palmerston dominou a política externa britânica durante o período de 1830 a 1865, no auge do poder imperial da nação. Ele serviu o país em cargos públicos praticamente de forma ininterrupta de 1807 até sua morte em 1865. De fato, Palmerston começou sua carreira parlamentar no partido Tory, antes de se mudar para os Whig em 1830 e depois se tornou o primeiro líder do seu país do Partido Liberal, em 1859. Durante boa parte do seu governo, ele desfrutou de boa popularidade com o povo britânico. O biógrafo David Brown argumentou que "uma parte importante do apelo de Palmerston estava em seu dinamismo e vigor." Henry Temple sucedeu seu pai do Pariato da Irlanda (que não deu a ele um assento na Câmara dos Lordes, tornando ele elegível para a Câmara dos Comuns) como 3º Visconde Palmerston em 1802. Ele se tornou um parlamentar pelo partido Tory em 1807. De 1809 a 1828 ele foi Secretário de Guerra, organizando as finanças do exército. Quando George Canning se tornou primeiro-ministro em 1827, o cargo de Palmerston foi elevado a posição de gabinete, mas ele renunciou um ano mais tarde. De forma intermitente, de 1830 a 1834, de 1835 a 1841 e de 1846 a 1851, ele serviu como Secretário de Relações Exteriores. Nesse cargo, Palmerston respondeu a várias crises e situações pela Europa. Em 1852, George Hamilton-Gordon, Conde de Aberdeen, se tornou primeiro-ministro ao formar um governo de coalizão. Um grupo de dissidentes dentro do governo exigiu que Lorde John Russell fosse nomeado Secretário do Exterior, forçando Palmerston a tomar o cargo de Secretário para Assuntos Internos. Nesta posição, Palmerston aprovou várias reformas sociais, embora ele se opusesse à reformas eleitorais. Quando a coalizão de governo de Aberdeen ruiu em 1855 a respeito da situação na Guerra da Crimeia, Palmerston era o único que podia conseguir apoio no Parlamento para formar um governo e então se tornou primeiro-ministro. Ele ficou neste cargo por dois períodos, de 1855 a 1858 e 1859 a 1865, até sua morte aos 80 anos, alguns meses após a vitória na eleição daquele ano que aumento sua maioria no Parlamento. Até os dias atuais, ele é o único primeiro-ministro britânico a morrer ainda no cargo. Palmerston controlava a opinião pública ao estimular ideias do . Embora a Rainha Vitória e a maioria da liderança política não confiava nele, Palmerston era apoiado pela imprensa e pela população em geral, que costumavam chamar ele de "Pam". Sua alegada fraqueza incluía sua inabilidade de lidar com assuntos pessoais e suas desavenças com a rainha sobre o dever da Coroa em política externa. Historiadores colocam Palmerston como um dos melhores Secretários do Exterior devido a forma como ele lidou com várias crises, seu comprometimento com o equilíbrio de poder na Europa e no Mundo (que forneceu à Grã-Bretanha uma agência decisiva em muitos conflitos), suas habilidades analíticas e seu comprometimento em defender os interesses do Reino Unido. Suas políticas em relação à Índia, China, Itália, Bélgica e Espanha tiveram consequências benéficas extensas e duradouras para a Grã-Bretanha. As consequências de suas políticas para a França, o Império Otomano e os Estados Unidos foram mais efêmeras, especialmente com este último, já que Palmerston considerou intervir na Guerra Civil Americana, mas não o fez, preferindo focar em assuntos europeus e não se associar com escravidão. (pt) Henry John Temple, 3e burggraaf Palmerston (Broadlands (Hampshire), 20 oktober 1784 – (Hertfordshire), 18 oktober 1865) was een Brits staatsman, die lange tijd Brits minister van Buitenlandse Zaken is geweest en in het midden van de 19e eeuw tweemaal premier was. (nl) Henry John Temple, 3:e viscount Palmerston, mer känd som lord Palmerston, född 20 oktober 1784 i Westminster, London, död 18 oktober 1865 på sitt gods i Hertfordshire, var viscount och brittisk politiker, Storbritanniens premiärminister 1855–1858 och 1859–1865. Under tre ämbetsperioder: 1830–1834, 1835–1841 och 1846–1851 var han Storbritanniens utrikesminister. Lord Palmerston lämnade det konservativa partiet 1827 och var sedan utrikesminister respektive premiärminister för såväl liberala som konservativa regeringar. (sv) Генри Джон Темпл, с 1802 года 3-й виконт Палмерстон (англ. Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount of Palmerston, 20 октября 1784, Broadlands[d], Гэмпшир — 18 октября 1865, Brocket Hall[d], Хартфордшир) — английский государственный деятель, долгие годы руководил обороной, затем внешней политикой государства, премьер-министр Великобритании в 1855—1858 и 1859—1865 годах. (ru) 亨利·約翰·坦普爾，第三代巴麥尊子爵，KG，GCB，PC（Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston，1784年10月20日 - 1865年10月18日）英国政治家，两度拜相，以“巴麥尊勋爵”一名著称，綽號“The Mongoose”。坦普爾自1807年起在政府中供职，起初是托利党员，但后来依序加入辉格党、自由黨。從1809年到1828年，他擔任戰爭部長，在該職位上，他負責組織軍隊的財務工作。當喬治·坎寧出任總理時，他首次獲得內閣職位，但與其他坎寧派一樣，他在一年後辭職。他曾1830年至1834年、1835年至1841年和1846年至1851年三次擔任外交大臣。在此期間，巴麥尊有效地應對了歐洲的一系列衝突。他作為外交大臣的舉動被認為是自由主義干预主义實踐的雛形，其中一些舉動引起了爭議。作為內政大臣，巴麥尊儘管反對選舉改革，卻進行了各種社會改革。1855年，當公眾因克里米亞戰爭政策而減少了對政府的青睞時，巴麥尊是唯一能夠在議會中維持多數席位的總理。他有兩個任期，分別是1855年至1858年和1859年至1865年。他在選舉中獲勝數個月後去世。坦普爾是迄今為止最後一位在任内去世的英国首相。巴麥尊通過刺激英國民衆來掌握公眾輿論，儘管維多利亞女王和大多數政治領導人不信任他，但他仍然獲得了新聞界和民眾的青睞，並從中得到了親切的稱呼“帕姆”。巴麥尊的所謂弱點包括對人際關係的不當處理，以及在確定外交政策時與女王及皇室之間持續存在分歧。歷史學家認為巴麥尊是最偉大的外交家之一，這是由於他分析與處理重大危機能力，對權力平衡和英國利益的承諾，在許多衝突中為英國提供了決定性的機會。他對印度，意大利，比利時和西班牙的政策對英國產生了廣泛而持久的有利結果：儘管他對法國，奧斯曼帝國和美國的政策造成的結果更為短暫。 (zh) Генрі Джон Темпл, лорд Пальмерстон; з 1802 року віконт (англ. Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount of Palmerston, 20 жовтня 1784—18 жовтня 1865) — видатний британський державний діяч, тривалий час керував обороною, потім зовнішньою політикою держави, а у 1855—1865 (з невеликою перервою) очолював уряд (35-й і 37-й прем'єр-міністр Великої Британії з 1855 до 1858 року та з 1859 до 1865 року). (uk)
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dbp:text	Lord Palmerston was no orator; his language was unstudied, and his delivery somewhat embarrassed; but generally he found the words to say the right thing at the right time, and to address the House of Commons in the language best adapted to the capacity and the temper of his audience. (en)
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rdfs:comment	Henry John Temple, 3. Viscount Palmerston (* 20. Oktober 1784 in Broadlands, Hampshire; † 18. Oktober 1865 auf seinem Landgut Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire) war ein britischer Peer, Staatsmann und Premierminister (1855–1858 und 1859–1865). (de) Henry John Temple, Palmerstongo III. bizkondea, politikaria izan zen. Bi bider izan zen Erresuma Batuko Kanpo Arazoetako ministroa (1830-34; 1835-41), eta kargu horretatik konstituzio liberalaren alde egin zuen, bai Britainia Handian, bai atzerrian. Lehen ministroa ere izan zen (1855-58; 1859-65); Krimeako gerra indarrez jarraitu zuen, Italiaren batasuna bultzatu zuen, eta Indiako matxinada deuseztatu zuen. Palmerstonen diplomaziak, gogorra izanik ere, Britainia Handiaren izen ona areagotu zuen. (eu) Ba é Henry John Temple, 3ú Bíocunta Palmerston, príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe agus ceannaire an Páirtí Liobrálach. Rugadh sé ar an 20 Deireadh Fómhair 1784 agus fuair bás ar an 18 Deireadh Fómhair 1865. (ga) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS (20 Oktober 1784 – 18 Oktober 1865), adalah seorang negarawan Inggris yang dua kali menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri pada aba dke-19. Selama sebagian besar 1830 sampai 1865, ia mendominasi kebijakan asing Inggris saat Inggris berada di puncak kekuatannya. Sering dijuluki "Pam" dan "The Mongoose", ia berada dalam jabatan pemerintahan hampir berkelanjutan dari 1807 sampai kematiannya pada 1865, bermula pada karier parlementernya sebagai , beralih ke pada 1830, dan menjadi Perdana Menteri pertama dari Liberal yang baru dibentuk dari tahun 1859. (in) Henry John Temple, 3e vicomte Palmerston, plus connu sous le nom de Lord Palmerston, né le 20 octobre 1784 à Westminster et mort le 18 octobre 1865 à Brocket Hall (Hertfordshire), est un homme d'État britannique, souvent présent au gouvernement de 1809 à 1865, deux fois premier ministre, évoluant au cours de sa carrière du conservatisme au libéralisme. (fr) 第3代パーマストン子爵ヘンリー・ジョン・テンプル（英: Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS, 1784年10月20日 - 1865年10月18日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。ホイッグ党を自由党に改組した自由党初の首相であり、首相を2期務め（第一次：1855年-1858年、第二次：1859年-1865年）、またそれ以前には外務大臣を3期にわたって務めた（在職1830年-1834年、1835年-1841年、1846年-1851年）。内務大臣（在職1852年-1855年）を務めていた時期もある。ウィリアム4世の治世からヴィクトリア朝中期にかけて主に外交の分野で活躍し、大英帝国の国益や英国民の利益が損なわれることを許容しない強硬外交を行ったことで知られる。ヨーロッパでは会議外交によって各国の利害を調整するバランサーの役割を果たしつつ、ヨーロッパ諸国の自由主義化・ナショナリズム運動を支援する自由主義的外交を行った。非ヨーロッパの低開発国に対しては砲艦外交で不平等条約による自由貿易を強要してイギリスの非公式帝国に組み込む「自由貿易帝国主義」を遂行した。大英帝国の海洋覇権に裏打ちされた「パクス・ブリタニカ」を象徴する人物である。 (ja) Henry John Temple, terzo visconte Palmerston (Westminster, 29 ottobre 1784 – Brocket Hall, 18 ottobre 1865), è stato un politico inglese. Lord Palmerston viene soprattutto ricordato per la direzione della politica estera del Regno Unito in un periodo in cui la Gran Bretagna si trovava al massimo della sua potenza, in qualità di Segretario di Stato per gli Affari Esteri prima e di Primo Ministro poi. Molte delle sue azioni aggressive, oggi indicate col termine di interventismo, destarono non poche controversie e rimangono un tema delicato. Lo storico A.J.P. Taylor così descrisse il visconte Palmerston: (it) Henry John Temple, 3e burggraaf Palmerston (Broadlands (Hampshire), 20 oktober 1784 – (Hertfordshire), 18 oktober 1865) was een Brits staatsman, die lange tijd Brits minister van Buitenlandse Zaken is geweest en in het midden van de 19e eeuw tweemaal premier was. (nl) Henry John Temple, 3:e viscount Palmerston, mer känd som lord Palmerston, född 20 oktober 1784 i Westminster, London, död 18 oktober 1865 på sitt gods i Hertfordshire, var viscount och brittisk politiker, Storbritanniens premiärminister 1855–1858 och 1859–1865. Under tre ämbetsperioder: 1830–1834, 1835–1841 och 1846–1851 var han Storbritanniens utrikesminister. Lord Palmerston lämnade det konservativa partiet 1827 och var sedan utrikesminister respektive premiärminister för såväl liberala som konservativa regeringar. (sv) Генри Джон Темпл, с 1802 года 3-й виконт Палмерстон (англ. Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount of Palmerston, 20 октября 1784, Broadlands[d], Гэмпшир — 18 октября 1865, Brocket Hall[d], Хартфордшир) — английский государственный деятель, долгие годы руководил обороной, затем внешней политикой государства, премьер-министр Великобритании в 1855—1858 и 1859—1865 годах. (ru) Генрі Джон Темпл, лорд Пальмерстон; з 1802 року віконт (англ. Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount of Palmerston, 20 жовтня 1784—18 жовтня 1865) — видатний британський державний діяч, тривалий час керував обороною, потім зовнішньою політикою держави, а у 1855—1865 (з невеликою перервою) очолював уряд (35-й і 37-й прем'єр-міністр Великої Британії з 1855 до 1858 року та з 1859 до 1865 року). (uk) هنري جون تيمبل (بالإنجليزية: Henry John Temple)‏، يعرف أيضاً بلقب فيسكونت بالميرستون الثالث (بالإنجليزية: 3rd Viscount Palmerston)‏ سياسي بريطاني (20 أكتوبر1784-18 أكتوبر1865). بدأ حياته كمصمم أزياء في مقاهي لندن ثم تمكّن لاحقاً من تولي منصب وزير الخارجية البريطاني في ثلاث مناسبات وخدم مرتين كرئيس وزراء كان له شأن كبير في توسيع دائرة بريطانيا الدبلوماسية الخارجية.فترتا حكمه: * من 6 فبراير 1855 إلى 19 فبراير 1858. * من 12 يونيو 1859 إلى 18 أكتوبر 1865. (ar) Henry John Temple, tercer Vescomte de Palmerston KG GCB PC, també conegut com a Lord Palmerston o simplement com a Henry Temple (Ciutat de Westminster, 20 d'octubre de 1784 - , Hertfordshire, 18 d'octubre de 1865), va ser un polític britànic que va ocupar el càrrec de Primer Ministre del Regne Unit a mitjan segle xix durant dues ocasions: la primera entre el 6 de febrer del 1855 i el 19 de febrer de 1858, i la segona entre el 12 de juny de 1859 i el 18 d'octubre de 1865. Va ocupar càrrecs en el govern continuadament des de l'any 1807 fins al dia de la seva mort. (ca) Henry Temple, 3. vikomt Palmerston, (20. říjen 1784 – 18. říjen 1865) byl britský státník, který po dvě funkční období zastával funkci premiéra. Většinou je uváděn jako lord Palmerston. V různých vládních funkcích působil téměř nepřetržitě od roku 1807 až do své smrti roku 1865. Svou politickou kariéru zahájil jako člen strany toryů a ukončil ji jako člen Liberální strany. (cs) Ο Χένρυ Τζον Τεμπλ, 3ος Υποκόμης Πάλμερστον (Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, 20 Οκτωβρίου 1784 - 18 Οκτωβρίου 1865), γνωστότερος ως Πάλμερστον, ήταν Άγγλος πολιτικός. Εκλέχθηκε βουλευτής πρώτη φορά το 1807 και λίγο αργότερα ανέλαβε υπουργός Ναυτικού. Από το 1809 διετέλεσε υπουργός των στρατιωτικών μέχρι το 1828, όταν διαφώνησε με τον πρωθυπουργό των Τόρυ, Δούκα του Ουέλλιγκτον, οπότε και παραιτήθηκε προσχωρώντας στο Κόμμα των Ουΐγων (Φιλελεύθερων). Το 1830 που σχηματίσθηκε κυβέρνηση Ουΐγων από τον Λόρδο Τσαρλς Γκρέυ στον Πάλμερστον ανατέθηκε το Υπουργείο των Εξωτερικών το οποίο και διεύθυνε για πολλά χρόνια αποδίδοντας ιδιαίτερη σημασία στη παγίωση της αγγλικής επιρροής επί παντός επιστητού στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο και στην Εγγύς Ανατολή. Υπήρξε ευγενής και είχε τον τίτλο του 3ο (el) Henry John Temple, 3a Vicgrafo PALMERSTON, OĜ, , membro de la Privata Konsilantaro (20a de oktobro 1784 – 18a de oktobro 1865) estis britia ŝtatestro kiu estis dufoje ĉefministro de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando meze de la 19a jarcento. Populare kromnomita "Pam", li estis en registara posteno preskaŭ konstante el 1807 ĝis sia morto en 1865, ekinte sian parlamentan karieron kiel mebro de la Konservativa Partio kaj konklude kiel liberalo. (eo) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, FRS (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. Palmerston dominated British foreign policy during the period 1830 to 1865, when Britain stood at the height of its imperial power. He held office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865. He began his parliamentary career as a Tory, defected to the Whigs in 1830, and became the first prime minister from the newly formed Liberal Party in 1859. He was highly popular with the British public. David Brown argues that "an important part of Palmerston's appeal lay in his dynamism and vigour". (en) Henry John Temple, 3.er vizconde de Palmerston KG GCB PC, también conocido como Lord Palmerston o simplemente como Henry Temple (Westminster, 20 de octubre de 1784 - Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, 18 de octubre de 1865), fue un político británico que ocupó el cargo de primer ministro del Reino Unido a mediados del siglo XIX durante dos ocasiones (1855-58 y 1859-65). Dominó los asuntos exteriores británicos en el período que va desde 1830 hasta 1865, cuando el Reino Unido estaba en la cumbre de su poder imperial. Participó en el gobierno continuadamente desde el año 1807 hasta el día de su fallecimiento en 1865. Comenzó su carrera parlamentaria como tory, luego se pasó a los whigs en 1830, y se convirtió en el primer primer ministro del recientemente creado Partido Liberal en 1859. (es) 3대 파머스턴 자작 헨리 존 템플(Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, ; 1784년 10월 20일 – 1865년 10월 18일)은 영국의 정치가로 19세기 중반에 걸쳐 두 차례 총리로 역임하였다. 파머스턴은 영국이 제국주의 강국의 정점에 오른 시기인 1830년부터 1865년까지 영국 대외 정책을 주도했다. 그는 토리당에서 의원 경력을 시작하다 1830년 휘그당으로 정당을 옮겼으며, 1859년 새로 창당한 자유당의 첫 총리가 되었다. 그는 영국 대중들에게 매우 유명했다. 데이비드 브라운은 “파머스톤이 대중들에게 어필할 수 있었던 중요한 점으로는 그의 역동력과 열의가 있었다”라고 주장한다. (ko) Henry John Temple (ur. 20 października 1784 w Broadlands, Hampshire, zm. 18 października 1865 w Brocket, Hertfordshire) – angielski polityk i arystokrata, premier oraz wielokrotny minister. Od 1807 r. członek Izby Gmin, do roku 1828 członek partii torysów, następnie wigów. Od 1809 r. wielokrotnie minister (m.in. w latach 1830–1841 i 1846–1851 minister spraw zagranicznych, w latach 1853–1855 – spraw wewnętrznych). Premier w latach 1855–1858 oraz 1859–1865. (pl) Henry John Temple, 3º Visconde Palmerston (Londres, 20 de outubro de 1784 — Hatfield, 18 de outubro de 1865), também chamado Lorde Palmerston, foi um estadista britânico, que serviu duas vezes como Primeiro-ministro do Reino Unido em meados do século XIX. Palmerston dominou a política externa britânica durante o período de 1830 a 1865, no auge do poder imperial da nação. Ele serviu o país em cargos públicos praticamente de forma ininterrupta de 1807 até sua morte em 1865. De fato, Palmerston começou sua carreira parlamentar no partido Tory, antes de se mudar para os Whig em 1830 e depois se tornou o primeiro líder do seu país do Partido Liberal, em 1859. Durante boa parte do seu governo, ele desfrutou de boa popularidade com o povo britânico. O biógrafo David Brown argumentou que "uma part (pt) 亨利·約翰·坦普爾，第三代巴麥尊子爵，KG，GCB，PC（Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston，1784年10月20日 - 1865年10月18日）英国政治家，两度拜相，以“巴麥尊勋爵”一名著称，綽號“The Mongoose”。坦普爾自1807年起在政府中供职，起初是托利党员，但后来依序加入辉格党、自由黨。從1809年到1828年，他擔任戰爭部長，在該職位上，他負責組織軍隊的財務工作。當喬治·坎寧出任總理時，他首次獲得內閣職位，但與其他坎寧派一樣，他在一年後辭職。他曾1830年至1834年、1835年至1841年和1846年至1851年三次擔任外交大臣。在此期間，巴麥尊有效地應對了歐洲的一系列衝突。他作為外交大臣的舉動被認為是自由主義干预主义實踐的雛形，其中一些舉動引起了爭議。歷史學家認為巴麥尊是最偉大的外交家之一，這是由於他分析與處理重大危機能力，對權力平衡和英國利益的承諾，在許多衝突中為英國提供了決定性的機會。他對印度，意大利，比利時和西班牙的政策對英國產生了廣泛而持久的有利結果：儘管他對法國，奧斯曼帝國和美國的政策造成的結果更為短暫。 (zh)
rdfs:label	لورد بالمرستون (ar) Henry John Temple (ca) Henry Temple (cs) Henry Temple, 3. Viscount Palmerston (de) Υποκόμης Πάλμερστον (el) Lord Palmerston (eo) Lord Palmerston (es) Henry John Temple (Palmerstongo III. bizkondea) (eu) Henry John Temple, 3ú Bíocunta Palmerston (ga) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (in) Henry John Temple, III visconte Palmerston (it) Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (en) Henry John Temple (fr) 제3대 파머스턴 자작 헨리 존 템플 (ko) ヘンリー・ジョン・テンプル (第3代パーマストン子爵) (ja) Henry John Temple (nl) Henry Temple, 3.º Visconde Palmerston (pt) Henry Temple (pl) Палмерстон, Генри Джон Темпл (ru) Lord Palmerston (sv) Генрі Джон Темпл Пальмерстон (uk) 第三代巴麥尊子爵亨利·坦普爾 (zh)
rdfs:seeAlso	dbr:Destruction_of_opium_at_Humen
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foaf:name	The Viscount Palmerston (en)
foaf:nick	Harry (en)
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