Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty (original) (raw)
이사우리아 왕조 치하의 동로마제국은 레온 3세가 황제로 즉위한 717년부터 여제 이리니가 퇴위한 802년까지에 시기를 말한다. 이시기에 동로마 제국은 초기 무슬림 정복 이후 칼리프국에 대항하여 제국을 방어하며 공고히 하는데는 성공하였으나, 불가르족에 대항하여 큰 어려움을 겪었고, 라벤나 총독부를 포기해야 했으며, 이탈리아에 대한 교황의 영향력도 커져갔다. 이사우리아 왕조는 과도한 성상 숭배로부터 전통적인 기독교 신앙을 돌이킴으로써, 신의 은총을 회복하려는 시도인 동로마 제국의 성상 파괴 운동와 주요하게 연관되어 있으며, 이는 동로마 제국 내부 사회의 혼란을 야기했다. 802년 이사우리아 왕조가 끝날 무렵, 동로마 제국인들은 아랍인들과 불가르인들과 계속 고전분투하고 있었고, 교황 레오 3세가 샤를마뉴를 로마 황제로 즉위시키면서 상황은 더욱 복잡해졌다.
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| dbo:abstract | حكمت السلالة الإيساورية أو السورية الامبراطورية البيزنطية من عام 717 إلى 802. نجح الأباطرة في دعم الامبراطورية والدفاع عنها في وجه الخلافة الإسلامية، بعد الغزو الإسلامي في مراحله الأولى، لكنهم كانوا أقل حظًا في أوروبا، حيث عانوا من انتكاسات في صراعهم مع الامبراطورية البلغارية الأولى، كان عليهم التنازل عن إكسرخسية رافينا، وخسروا نفوذهم في إيطاليا والبابوية لصالح القوة المتنامية للفرنجة. يرتبط حكم الأسرة الإيساورية بشكل خاص مع حرب الأيقونات البيزنطية، كانت محاولة لاستعادة الإحسان الإلهي عن طريق تطهير الايمان المسيحي من التوقير المفرط للأيقونات، ونتج عنها اضطرابات داخلية كبيرة. بعد نهاية حكم السلالة الإيساورية في عام 802، تابع البيزنطيون محاربة العرب والامبراطورية البلغارية الأولى بغية توسيع إمبراطورتيهم، وتعقدت الأمور بشكل أكبر عندما قام البابا ليون الثالث بتتويج شارلمان كإمبراطور روما المقدس (امبراطور الرومان)، اعتبر الأمر كمحاولة لجعل الامبراطورية الكارولنجية خليفة الامبراطورية البيزنطية. (ar) Η Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία διοικούνταν από τη δυναστεία των Ισαύρων ή Συριακή από το 717 έως το 802. Οι Ίσαυροι Αυτοκράτορες κατάφεραν να υπερασπιστούν και να εδραιώσουν την Αυτοκρατορία ενάντια στο Χαλιφάτο μετά την επίθεση των πρώιμων , αλλά ήταν λιγότερο επιτυχημένοι στην Ευρώπη, όπου υπέστησαν οπισθοχωρήσεις κατά των Βουλγάρων, έπρεπε να εγκαταλείψουν την εξαρχία της Ραβέννας και έχασαν την επιρροή τους επάνω στην Ιταλία και τον παπισμό από την αυξανόμενη δύναμη των Φράγκων. Η δυναστεία των Ισαύρων συνδέεται κυρίως με την Εικονομαχία, μία προσπάθεια αποκατάστασης της θείας εύνοιας, εξαγνίζοντας τη χριστιανική πίστη από την υπερβολική λατρεία των εικόνων, η οποία οδήγησε σε σημαντική εσωτερική αναταραχή. Μέχρι το τέλος της δυναστείας των Ισαύρων το 802, οι Βυζαντινοί συνέχιζαν να πολεμούν τους Άραβες και τους Βούλγαρους για την ίδια την ύπαρξή τους, με τα πράγματα να γίνονται πιο περίπλοκα όταν ο πάπας Λέων Γ΄ έστεψε τον Καρλομάγνο "Αυτοκράτορα των Ρωμαίων" (Imperator Romanorum) ως απόπειρα να γίνει το βασίλειο των Φράγκων διάδοχο της Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας. (el) The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Isaurian or Syrian dynasty from 717 to 802. The Isaurian emperors were successful in defending and consolidating the Empire against the Caliphate after the onslaught of the early Muslim conquests, but were less successful in Europe, where they suffered setbacks against the Bulgars, had to give up the Exarchate of Ravenna, and lost influence over Italy and the Papacy to the growing power of the Franks. The Isaurian dynasty is chiefly associated with Byzantine Iconoclasm, an attempt to restore divine favour by purifying the Christian faith from excessive adoration of icons, which resulted in considerable internal turmoil. By the end of the Isaurian dynasty in 802, the Byzantines were continuing to fight the Arabs and the Bulgars for their very existence, with matters made more complicated when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Imperator Romanorum ("Emperor of the Romans") which was seen as an attempt at making the Carolingian Empire the successor to the Roman Empire. (en) 이사우리아 왕조 치하의 동로마제국은 레온 3세가 황제로 즉위한 717년부터 여제 이리니가 퇴위한 802년까지에 시기를 말한다. 이시기에 동로마 제국은 초기 무슬림 정복 이후 칼리프국에 대항하여 제국을 방어하며 공고히 하는데는 성공하였으나, 불가르족에 대항하여 큰 어려움을 겪었고, 라벤나 총독부를 포기해야 했으며, 이탈리아에 대한 교황의 영향력도 커져갔다. 이사우리아 왕조는 과도한 성상 숭배로부터 전통적인 기독교 신앙을 돌이킴으로써, 신의 은총을 회복하려는 시도인 동로마 제국의 성상 파괴 운동와 주요하게 연관되어 있으며, 이는 동로마 제국 내부 사회의 혼란을 야기했다. 802년 이사우리아 왕조가 끝날 무렵, 동로마 제국인들은 아랍인들과 불가르인들과 계속 고전분투하고 있었고, 교황 레오 3세가 샤를마뉴를 로마 황제로 즉위시키면서 상황은 더욱 복잡해졌다. (ko) L'Impero bizantino fu governato dalla dinastia isauriana o siriana dal 717 all'802. Gli imperatori di questa dinastia riuscirono a difendere l'Impero dagli attacchi del Califfato, seppur ebbero meno successo in Europa, dove subirono sconfitte e stalli contro i bulgari. Dovettero rinunciare all'esarcato d'Italia perdendo di conseguenza l'influenza sulla penisola e sul Papato, che cercò protezione e alleati nel Regno dei Franchi. La dinastia isauriana è principalmente associata all'iconoclastia bizantina, un tentativo di ripristinare il favore divino purificando la fede cristiana dall'eccessiva adorazione delle icone. Questa politica religiosa provocò un'enorme instabilità all'impero e per sanare la divisione religiosa l'imperatrice Irene dovette convocare il Secondo Concilio di Nicea. All'estinzione della dinastia nell'802, l'impero era ancora impegnato a combattere contro gli arabi e i bulgari, mentre a Roma papa Leone III, due anni prima, incoronò Carlo Magno Imperator Romanorum (cioè "Imperatore dei Romani"), nel tentativo di legittimare l'Impero carolingio come successore dell'Impero romano d'Occidente. L'incoronazione come Imperatore dei Romani di Carlo Magno portò al problema dei due imperatori, un contenzioso tra i due imperi per l'utilizzo legittimo del titolo. (it) |
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| rdfs:comment | 이사우리아 왕조 치하의 동로마제국은 레온 3세가 황제로 즉위한 717년부터 여제 이리니가 퇴위한 802년까지에 시기를 말한다. 이시기에 동로마 제국은 초기 무슬림 정복 이후 칼리프국에 대항하여 제국을 방어하며 공고히 하는데는 성공하였으나, 불가르족에 대항하여 큰 어려움을 겪었고, 라벤나 총독부를 포기해야 했으며, 이탈리아에 대한 교황의 영향력도 커져갔다. 이사우리아 왕조는 과도한 성상 숭배로부터 전통적인 기독교 신앙을 돌이킴으로써, 신의 은총을 회복하려는 시도인 동로마 제국의 성상 파괴 운동와 주요하게 연관되어 있으며, 이는 동로마 제국 내부 사회의 혼란을 야기했다. 802년 이사우리아 왕조가 끝날 무렵, 동로마 제국인들은 아랍인들과 불가르인들과 계속 고전분투하고 있었고, 교황 레오 3세가 샤를마뉴를 로마 황제로 즉위시키면서 상황은 더욱 복잡해졌다. (ko) حكمت السلالة الإيساورية أو السورية الامبراطورية البيزنطية من عام 717 إلى 802. نجح الأباطرة في دعم الامبراطورية والدفاع عنها في وجه الخلافة الإسلامية، بعد الغزو الإسلامي في مراحله الأولى، لكنهم كانوا أقل حظًا في أوروبا، حيث عانوا من انتكاسات في صراعهم مع الامبراطورية البلغارية الأولى، كان عليهم التنازل عن إكسرخسية رافينا، وخسروا نفوذهم في إيطاليا والبابوية لصالح القوة المتنامية للفرنجة. يرتبط حكم الأسرة الإيساورية بشكل خاص مع حرب الأيقونات البيزنطية، كانت محاولة لاستعادة الإحسان الإلهي عن طريق تطهير الايمان المسيحي من التوقير المفرط للأيقونات، ونتج عنها اضطرابات داخلية كبيرة. (ar) Η Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία διοικούνταν από τη δυναστεία των Ισαύρων ή Συριακή από το 717 έως το 802. Οι Ίσαυροι Αυτοκράτορες κατάφεραν να υπερασπιστούν και να εδραιώσουν την Αυτοκρατορία ενάντια στο Χαλιφάτο μετά την επίθεση των πρώιμων , αλλά ήταν λιγότερο επιτυχημένοι στην Ευρώπη, όπου υπέστησαν οπισθοχωρήσεις κατά των Βουλγάρων, έπρεπε να εγκαταλείψουν την εξαρχία της Ραβέννας και έχασαν την επιρροή τους επάνω στην Ιταλία και τον παπισμό από την αυξανόμενη δύναμη των Φράγκων. (el) The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Isaurian or Syrian dynasty from 717 to 802. The Isaurian emperors were successful in defending and consolidating the Empire against the Caliphate after the onslaught of the early Muslim conquests, but were less successful in Europe, where they suffered setbacks against the Bulgars, had to give up the Exarchate of Ravenna, and lost influence over Italy and the Papacy to the growing power of the Franks. (en) L'Impero bizantino fu governato dalla dinastia isauriana o siriana dal 717 all'802. Gli imperatori di questa dinastia riuscirono a difendere l'Impero dagli attacchi del Califfato, seppur ebbero meno successo in Europa, dove subirono sconfitte e stalli contro i bulgari. Dovettero rinunciare all'esarcato d'Italia perdendo di conseguenza l'influenza sulla penisola e sul Papato, che cercò protezione e alleati nel Regno dei Franchi. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty (en) الإمبراطورية البيزنطية تحت حكم السلالة الإيساورية (ar) Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία υπό τη Δυναστεία των Ισαύρων (el) Impero bizantino durante la dinastia isauriana (it) 이사우리아 왕조 치하의 동로마 제국 (ko) |
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| foaf:name | Byzantine Empire (en) Byzantium (en) |
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