Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning (original) (raw)
Charles Canning, 1. hrabě Canning (Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, 2nd Viscount Canning) (14. prosince 1812 – 17. června 1862 Londýn) byl britský státník, syn premiéra G. Canninga. V politice náležel k toryům a již v mládí se stal členem britské vlády. Vrcholem jeho kariéry byla funkce místokrále v Indii (1856–1862), získal titul hraběte a Podvazkový řád.
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| dbo:abstract | Charles Canning, 1. hrabě Canning (Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, 2nd Viscount Canning) (14. prosince 1812 – 17. června 1862 Londýn) byl britský státník, syn premiéra G. Canninga. V politice náležel k toryům a již v mládí se stal členem britské vlády. Vrcholem jeho kariéry byla funkce místokrále v Indii (1856–1862), získal titul hraběte a Podvazkový řád. (cs) تشارلز كانينغ، إيرل كانينغ الأول، (14 ديسمبر 1812 - 17 يونيو 1862)، رجل دولة بريطاني والحاكم العام للهند أثناء التمرد الهندي عام 1857، وأول نائب لملك الهند بعد نقل السلطة من شركة الهند الشرقية إلى تاج الملكة فيكتوريا عام 1858 بعد القضاء على التمرد. يُنسب إلى كانينغ ضمان عمل الإدارة ومعظم مؤسسات الحكومة بشكل طبيعي أثناء التمرد واتخاذ قرارات إدارية رئيسية حتى خلال ذروة التمرد في عام 1857، بما في ذلك إنشاء أول ثلاث جامعات حديثة في الهند، جامعة كلكتا، جامعة مادراس وجامعة بومباي. أقر كانينغ قانون زواج الأرامل الهندوس لعام 1856 والذي صاغه اللورد دالهوزي قبل التمرد. كما أصدر قانون التجنيد في الخدمة العامة لعام 1856. بعد التمرد، ترأس عملية نقل وإعادة تنظيم سلسة للحكومة من شركة الهند الشرقية إلى التاج، صاغ قانون العقوبات الهندي في عام 1860 بناءً على القانون الذي صاغه ماكولاي ودخل حيز التنفيذ عام 1862. تعامل كانينغ مع التمرد بحزم وثقة وشهامة وهدوء حسب كاتب سيرته. كان كانينغ حازمًا جدًا أثناء التمرد، لكن بعد ذلك ركز على المصالحة وإعادة الإعمار بدلًا من الانتقام وأصدر إعلان الرأفة. (ar) Charles John Canning, 1. Earl Canning, KG, GCB, KSI, PC (* 14. Dezember 1812 in Brompton bei London; † 17. Juni 1862 in London) war ein britischer Staatsmann. Er war während des Sepoy-Aufstandes in Hindustan von 1857 Generalgouverneur Britisch-Indiens und von 1858 bis 1862 der erste britische Vizekönig von Indien. Während Cannings Amtszeit vollzog sich am 1. September 1858 der Übergang des englischen Reichs in Indien aus dem Besitz der Ostindischen Kompanie an die Krone. (de) Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, KG, GCB, KSI, PC (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), also known as The Viscount Canning and Clemency Canning, was a British statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion was crushed. Canning is credited for ensuring that the administration and most departments of the government functioned normally during the rebellion and took major administrative decisions even during the peak of the Rebellion in 1857, including establishing the first three modern Universities in India, the University of Calcutta, University of Madras and University of Bombay based on Wood's despatch. Canning passed the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 which was drafted by his predecessor Lord Dalhousie before the rebellion. He also passed the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856. After the rebellion he presided over a smooth transfer and reorganisation of government from the East India company to the crown, the Indian Penal Code was drafted in 1860 based on the code drafted by Macaulay and came into force in 1862. Canning met the rebellion '"with firmness, confidence, magnanimity and calm" as per his biographer. Canning was very firm during the rebellion but after that he focused on reconciliation and reconstruction rather than retribution and issued a clemency proclamation. (en) Charles John Canning, 1.er Conde Canning KG, GCB, KSI, PC (14 de diciembre de 1812 – 17 de junio de 1862), conocido como Vizconde Canning entre 1837 y 1859, fue un político británico, Gobernador General de la India durante el Motín de la India de 1857. (es) Charles John Canning (14 décembre 1812 - 17 juin 1862), 1er comte de Canning, est un homme politique britannique qui devint Gouverneur général des Indes de 1856 à 1862 et le 1er Vice-roi des Indes de 1858 à 1862, notamment pendant la Révolte des cipayes. (fr) 初代カニング伯爵チャールズ・ジョン・カニング（英: Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, KG, GCB, GCSI, PC、1812年12月14日 - 1862年6月17日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1856年から1862年にかけてインド総督を務め、インド大反乱の鎮圧にあたった。首相・外相を務めたジョージ・カニングは父である。 (ja) Charles John Canning, I conte Canning (Londra, 14 dicembre 1812 – Londra, 17 giugno 1862), è stato un politico e nobile britannico. Fu governatore generale e poi primo viceré d'India. Si guadagnò il soprannome di Clemency Canning ("Clemenza Canning") durante la ribellione indiana del 1857 che gestì durante il periodo in cui era governatore generale dello stato asiatico e fu il primo viceré d'India dopo il trasferimento dei poteri dalla Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali alla Corona d'Inghilterra nel 1858, proprio dopo la soppressione della rivolta. Anche durante i momenti più aspri della ribellione, si prodigò a favore del popolo aprendo le prime tre università moderne dell'India, quella di Calcutta, quella di Madras e quella di Bombay. Canning passò a legge il , già abbozzato dal suo predecessore Lord Dalhousie prima della ribellione. Passò a legge anche il Dopo la rivolta presiedette al trasferimento ed alla riorganizzazione del governo dalla Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali alla Corona inglese, rivedendo il codice penale indiano già abbozzato nel 1860 sulla base del codice di Macaulay e lo approvò definitivamente nel 1862. Canning fronteggiò i momenti della rivolta '"con fermeza, confidenza, magnanimità e calma" come ebbe a dire il suo biografo. Canning si dimostrò fermo nelle sue posizioni durante la rivolta ma si focalizzò in seguito sul tema della riconciliazione e della ricostruzione comune anziché sulla vendetta. (it) Charles John Canning, 1. hrabia Canning KG, GCB, GCSI (ur. 14 grudnia 1812 w Brompton, zm. 17 czerwca 1862 w Londynie) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, wicekról Indii w latach 1856–1862, związany z Partią Konserwatywną i stronnictwem Peelites, minister w rządach Roberta Peela, lorda Aberdeena i lorda Palmerstona. Był najmłodszym synem premiera George'a Canninga i , córki generała-majora Johna Scotta. Wykształcenie odebrał w Eton College oraz w Christ Church na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim. Uczelnię ukończył w 1833 r. W latach 1836–1837 zasiadał w Izbie Gmin jako reprezentant okręgu Warwick. Po śmierci matki w 1837 r. odziedziczył tytuł 2. wicehrabiego Canning i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. Po powrocie konserwatystów do władzy w 1841 r. Canning został podsekretarzem stanu w Ministerstwie Spraw Zagranicznych. Od stycznia do lipca 1846 r. był pierwszym komisarzem ds. lasów. Nie przyjął stanowiska w konserwatywnym gabinecie lorda Derby'ego w 1852 r., ale w styczniu 1853 r. wszedł w skład koalicyjnego gabinetu Aberdeena jako poczmistrz generalny. Pozostał na tym stanowisku, kiedy na początku 1855 r. premierem został lord Palmerston. Pod koniec 1855 r. otrzymał nominację na stanowisko gubernatora generalnego Indii. Z Anglii odpłynął w grudniu, a w lutym 1856 r. oficjalnie objął swoje obowiązki gubernatorskie. Rok po objęciu stanowiska w Indiach wybuchło powstanie Sipajów. Canning popadł również w konflikt z przewodniczącym Rady Kontroli lordem Ellenborough, na tle proklamacji gubernatora o przyłączeniu do brytyjskich Indii prowincji Awadh. Konflikt ten zakończył się rezygnacją Ellenborougha. Canning natomiast otrzymał prawo do używania tytułu wicekróla Indii. Za swoją postawę podczas powstania otrzymał w kwietniu 1859 r. podziękowania od parlamentu. Otrzymał również Krzyż Wielki Orderu Łaźni i tytuł hrabiego. Lord Canning znany był ze swoje pracowitości i poczucia obowiązku. W 1861 r. zmarła na malarię jego żona, . Wkrótce stan zdrowia gubernatora również się pogorszył. Opuścił Indie i kwietniu 1862 r. powrócił do Anglii. Zmarł 17 czerwca. Na miesiąc przed śmiercią otrzymał Order Podwiązki. Nie miał dzieci i tytuły parowskie wygasły wraz z jego śmiercią. (pl) Charles John Canning, 1:e earl Canning, född 14 december 1812 i , Kensington and Chelsea, London, död 17 juni 1862 vid , Mayfair, London, var en brittisk statsman, son till George Canning. Canning gick först i skola i Putney, kom sedan till Eton, som han lämnade 1827, och inskrevs följande år vid Christ Church i Oxford, där han 1832 avlade examen. 1835 gifte han sig med Charlotte Stuart och blev följande år medlem av underhuset för Warwick. 1837 blev han efter moderns död viscount Canning of Kilbrahan och inträdde därmed i överhuset. Han ingick 1841 i Peels ministär såsom understatssekreterare för utrikesärenden och blev kort före dess fall 1846 "chief commissioner for woods and forests". Han förblev allt framgent en anhängare av Peels parti, avböjde platsen som utrikesminister i den tilltänkta derbyska ministären 1851, men inträdde 1853 såsom generalpostmästare i Aberdeens ministär och genomförde under sin ämbetstid åtskilliga postala reformer. 1855 utnämndes Canning efter Dalhousie till generalguvernör i Indien och övertog 1856 styrelsen över landet. Företrädarens förvaltning hade karakteriserats av en storartad territoriell expansion, men även i övrigt av stora framsteg på alla områden. Ehuru vid Cannings övertagande av styrelsen fred överallt rådde och denne vid tillträdet uttalat den förhoppningen, att det fredliga tillståndet skulle fortfara, tvangs regeringen redan under hans första år att börja krig mot shahen av Persien, som besatt Herat. Kort efter sin ankomst till Indien genomförde Canning en ändring i den infödda arméns organisation, i det att för sepoys infördes skyldighet att tjäna jämväl utom Indien - en reform, som har betraktats såsom en orsak till det stora upproret 1857. Cannings hållning under denna kris klandrades på många håll skarpt såsom ej nog rådsnar och kraftig och förvärvade honom öknamnet "Clemency Canning". Upproret ledde 1858 till en omorganisation av den indiska styrelsen, som länge ägde bestånd. Canning blev Indiens förste vicekung och inlade som sådan lysande förtjänster om den indiska förvaltningens nyorganisation på alla områden. 1859 utnämndes Canning till earl, lämnade 1862 sin befattning samt avled samma år kort efter sin återkomst till England. (sv) Чарлз Джон Каннинг, 1-й граф Каннинг (Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning; 14 декабря 1812, Лондон, — 17 июня 1862, там же) — генерал-губернатор Индии (1856), после подавления восстания сипаев — первый в истории вице-король Индии (1858). Младший сын премьер-министра Джорджа Каннинга. В 1836 году Каннинг-младший унаследовал от матери титул виконта, а за год до этого был избран в Парламент. В консервативном правительстве Роберта Пиля он служил товарищем министра иностранных дел (1841-46), затем руководил лесным ведомством и британской почтовой системой. После смещения в 1856 году маркиза Дальхузи с поста генерал-губернатора Индии Каннинг по протекции лорда Пальмерстона занял его место. Его первым мероприятием была экспедиция против персидского шаха, который вздумал занять британский протекторат в Герате. Закрепление Герата в британской сфере влияния было важным шагом в Большой Игре. Результатом этого мероприятия стал дружественный договор с афганским эмиром. В 1857 году внимание Каннинга было занято подавлением восстания сипаев, для чего ему понадобилось привлечь отряды, отбывавшие на Опиумную войну в Китай. Одержав победу над повстанцами, Каннинг противодействовал тем, кто требовал примерно наказать за непослушание весь индийский народ. Во избежание новых волнений он усилил военные части европейцами. Именно Каннингу выпало проведение реформы управления Индией, связанной с передачей бразд правления колонией из рук Ост-Индской компании официальному представителю британской короны. Он продолжил политику «просвещения» индийского народа путём основания университетов в Калькутте, Бомбее и Мадрасе. После смерти супруги в 1862 году Каннинг отошёл от дел. Через несколько месяцев он умер в Лондоне, не оставив по себе наследников. (ru) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Statesman |
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| rdfs:comment | Charles Canning, 1. hrabě Canning (Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, 2nd Viscount Canning) (14. prosince 1812 – 17. června 1862 Londýn) byl britský státník, syn premiéra G. Canninga. V politice náležel k toryům a již v mládí se stal členem britské vlády. Vrcholem jeho kariéry byla funkce místokrále v Indii (1856–1862), získal titul hraběte a Podvazkový řád. (cs) Charles John Canning, 1. Earl Canning, KG, GCB, KSI, PC (* 14. Dezember 1812 in Brompton bei London; † 17. Juni 1862 in London) war ein britischer Staatsmann. Er war während des Sepoy-Aufstandes in Hindustan von 1857 Generalgouverneur Britisch-Indiens und von 1858 bis 1862 der erste britische Vizekönig von Indien. Während Cannings Amtszeit vollzog sich am 1. September 1858 der Übergang des englischen Reichs in Indien aus dem Besitz der Ostindischen Kompanie an die Krone. (de) Charles John Canning, 1.er Conde Canning KG, GCB, KSI, PC (14 de diciembre de 1812 – 17 de junio de 1862), conocido como Vizconde Canning entre 1837 y 1859, fue un político británico, Gobernador General de la India durante el Motín de la India de 1857. (es) Charles John Canning (14 décembre 1812 - 17 juin 1862), 1er comte de Canning, est un homme politique britannique qui devint Gouverneur général des Indes de 1856 à 1862 et le 1er Vice-roi des Indes de 1858 à 1862, notamment pendant la Révolte des cipayes. (fr) 初代カニング伯爵チャールズ・ジョン・カニング（英: Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning, KG, GCB, GCSI, PC、1812年12月14日 - 1862年6月17日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1856年から1862年にかけてインド総督を務め、インド大反乱の鎮圧にあたった。首相・外相を務めたジョージ・カニングは父である。 (ja) تشارلز كانينغ، إيرل كانينغ الأول، (14 ديسمبر 1812 - 17 يونيو 1862)، رجل دولة بريطاني والحاكم العام للهند أثناء التمرد الهندي عام 1857، وأول نائب لملك الهند بعد نقل السلطة من شركة الهند الشرقية إلى تاج الملكة فيكتوريا عام 1858 بعد القضاء على التمرد. (ar) Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning, KG, GCB, KSI, PC (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), also known as The Viscount Canning and Clemency Canning, was a British statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion was crushed. (en) Charles John Canning, I conte Canning (Londra, 14 dicembre 1812 – Londra, 17 giugno 1862), è stato un politico e nobile britannico. Fu governatore generale e poi primo viceré d'India. Si guadagnò il soprannome di Clemency Canning ("Clemenza Canning") durante la ribellione indiana del 1857 che gestì durante il periodo in cui era governatore generale dello stato asiatico e fu il primo viceré d'India dopo il trasferimento dei poteri dalla Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali alla Corona d'Inghilterra nel 1858, proprio dopo la soppressione della rivolta. (it) Charles John Canning, 1. hrabia Canning KG, GCB, GCSI (ur. 14 grudnia 1812 w Brompton, zm. 17 czerwca 1862 w Londynie) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, wicekról Indii w latach 1856–1862, związany z Partią Konserwatywną i stronnictwem Peelites, minister w rządach Roberta Peela, lorda Aberdeena i lorda Palmerstona. (pl) Charles John Canning, 1:e earl Canning, född 14 december 1812 i , Kensington and Chelsea, London, död 17 juni 1862 vid , Mayfair, London, var en brittisk statsman, son till George Canning. Canning gick först i skola i Putney, kom sedan till Eton, som han lämnade 1827, och inskrevs följande år vid Christ Church i Oxford, där han 1832 avlade examen. 1835 gifte han sig med Charlotte Stuart och blev följande år medlem av underhuset för Warwick. 1837 blev han efter moderns död viscount Canning of Kilbrahan och inträdde därmed i överhuset. (sv) Чарлз Джон Каннинг, 1-й граф Каннинг (Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning; 14 декабря 1812, Лондон, — 17 июня 1862, там же) — генерал-губернатор Индии (1856), после подавления восстания сипаев — первый в истории вице-король Индии (1858). Младший сын премьер-министра Джорджа Каннинга. Его первым мероприятием была экспедиция против персидского шаха, который вздумал занять британский протекторат в Герате. Закрепление Герата в британской сфере влияния было важным шагом в Большой Игре. Результатом этого мероприятия стал дружественный договор с афганским эмиром. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | تشارلز كانينغ، إيرل كانينغ الأول (ar) Charles Canning, 1. hrabě Canning (cs) Charles Canning, 1. Earl Canning (de) Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning (en) Charles John Canning (es) Charles Canning, I conte Canning (it) Charles Canning (fr) チャールズ・カニング (初代カニング伯爵) (ja) Charles Canning (pl) Каннинг, Чарлз Джон (ru) Charles Canning, 1:e earl Canning (sv) |
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| foaf:name | The Earl Canning (en) |
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