| dbo:abstract |
Edward Law, 1. hrabě z Ellenboroughu (Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, 1st Viscount Southam, 2nd Baron Ellenborough) (8. září 1790 – 22. prosince 1871) byl britský státník. Patřil k toryům, v mládí byl poslancem Dolní sněmovny, od roku 1818 po otci zdědil titul barona a zasedal ve Sněmovně lordů. V několika vládách byl ministrem, celkem čtyřikrát zastával funkci prezidenta kontrolního úřadu Východoindické společnosti, byl také generálním guvernérem v Indii a ministrem námořnictva. V roce 1844 byl povýšen na hraběte. (cs) Edward Law, 1. Earl of Ellenborough GCB PC (* 8. September 1790 in London; † 22. Dezember 1871 in , Gloucestershire) war ein britischer Peer und Politiker. (de) Edward Law, 1.er conde de Ellenborough (8 de septiembre de 1790 - 22 de diciembre de 1871) fue un noble y político británico que ocupó el cargo de gobernador general de la India (1842-1844). (es) Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, GCB, PC (8 September 1790 – 22 December 1871) was a British Tory politician. He was four times President of the Board of Control and also served as Governor-General of India between 1842 and 1844. (en) Edward Law, 1er comte d’Ellenborough, GCB, PC (8 septembre 1790 - 22 décembre 1871) est un homme politique conservateur britannique. Il est quatre fois président du Conseil de contrôle et également Gouverneur général des Indes entre 1842 et 1844 . (fr) 初代エレンボロー伯爵エドワード・ロウ（英: Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough、1790年9月8日 - 1871年12月22日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1842年から1844年にかけてインド総督を務め、シンドへの軍事侵攻と併合を行った。 (ja) Edward Law, I conte di Ellenborough (8 settembre 1790 – Gloucestershire, 22 dicembre 1871), fu Viceré d'India fra il 1842 ed il 1844. (it) Edward Law, 1. hrabia Ellenborough GCB (ur. 8 września 1790, zm. 22 grudnia 1871) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, członek stronnictwa torysów i Partii Konserwatywnej, minister w rządach księcia Wellington, Roberta Peela i lorda Derby’ego. Był najstarszym synem Edwarda Lawa, 1. barona Ellenborough, i Anne Towry, córki kapitana George’a Towry'ego. Wykształcenie odebrał w Eton College oraz w na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. W 1813 r. został wybrany do Izby Gmin z okręgu Mitchell. Po śmierci ojca w 1818 r. odziedziczył tytuł 2. barona Ellenborough i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. Był dwukrotnie żonaty. Jego drugą żoną była Jane Digby. Edward miał z nią jednego syna, Arthura Dudleya (1828-1830). W 1828 r. Ellenborough został Lordem Tajnej Pieczęci i przewodniczącym Rady Kontroli w rządzie Wellingtona. W 1829 r. przestał być Lordem Tajnej Pieczęci, ale na drugim stanowisku utrzymał się do upadku gabinetu w 1830 r. Na czele Rady Kontroli stanął ponownie w latach 1834-1835 i w 1841 r. Następnie został mianowany gubernatorem generalnym Indii. Ellenborough przybył do Indii „aby przywrócić pokój w Azji”, ale jego 2,5-letnia kadencja upłynęła pod znakiem konfliktów zbrojnych. Niedługo po przybyciu do Indii gubernator otrzymał wieści o masakrze brytyjskiej armii podczas odwrotu z Kabulu i oblężeniu Ghazni oraz Dżalalabadu. Wkrótce sytuacja w Afganistanie wyjaśniła się na korzyść Brytyjczyków po sukcesach generałów Pollocka i Notta. Dowodzona przez nich karna ekspedycja zdobyła i spaliła Kabul. Brytyjczycy osadzili na afgańskim tronie emira Dosta Mohammada, którego sami obalili trzy lata wcześniej, na początku wojny afgańskiej. Ellenborough powiedział wówczas: Niech Afganistan ma swego emira, niech powróci tam anarchia!. W 1843 r. generał Charles James Napier podbił Sindh, który został przyłączony do Indii. Zwierzchnictwu brytyjskiemu poddano również Gwalior. Ellenborough stale znajdował się w konflikcie z dygnitarzami Kompanii Wschodnioindyjskiej. Ostatecznie w 1844 r. Ellenborough został odwołany ze stanowiska. Pomimo tego po powrocie do kraju gubernator otrzymał tytuł hrabiego Ellenborough oraz podziękowania od parlamentu. W 1846 r. został na krótko pierwszym lordem Admiralicji. W 1858 r. po raz czwarty stanął na czele Rady Kontroli. Rozpoczął pracę na ustawą zmieniającą zarząd nad Indiami, który od Kompanii Wschodnioindyjskiej miał przejść w ręce Korony. Popadł jednak w konflikt z gubernatorem generalnym Indii, lordem Canningiem i rychło musiał podać się do dymisji. Reforma została przeprowadzona przez jego następcę, lorda Stanleya. Zmarł w 1871 r. Wraz z jego śmiercią wygasł tytuł hrabiego. Tytuł barona odziedziczył jego bratanek, . (pl) Edward Law, 1:e earl av Ellenborough, född 8 september 1790, död 22 december 1871, var en brittisk statsman, son till Edward Law, 1:e baron Ellenborough. Ellenborough invaldes 1813 (som tory) i underhuset, fick 1818 vid faderns död säte i överhuset, där han ofta uppträdde skarpt kritiskt mot Cannings utrikespolitik, och var 1828–1830, först som lordsigillbevarare, sedan som president i India Office (d.v.s. Board of Control), medlem av Wellingtons ministär. År 1824 hade han ingått sitt andra äktenskap med den senare så beryktade Jane Digby. De skildes 1830 på grund av hennes affär med diplomaten Felix zu Schwarzenberg. Han hade livlig känsla av faran för ett ryskt anfall mot Indien och sökte därför stärka de brittiska förbindelserna med sikher, afghaner och centralasiatiska furstar, i vilket syfte han tog initiativ till sir Alexander Burnes beskickning till Lahore och Centralasien. I Peels första ministär (december 1834-april 1835) var Law åter president i India Office och erhöll ånyo samma post under Peel i september 1841, men utsågs redan i oktober samma år till generalguvernör över Ostindien. Som sitt program angav han vid utresan att "återställa freden i Asien", men hela hans ämbetstid kom i stället att upptas av krig, först en straffexpedition till Afghanistan (1842–1843), sedan annexionen av Sindh genom sir Robert Napier (1843) och väpnad intervention i marathstaten Gwalior (1843–1844). Laws proklamationer var ofta skrytsamt och svulstigt avfattade, och särskilt led han smälek för en sådan om den förmenta återerövringen av portarna till hindutemplet i , vilka Mahmud av Ghazni bortfört till Afghanistan under sina plundringståg på 1000-talet och Law med orätt ansåg där ha återfunnits. Uttröttade av Laws högdragna självrådighet och kostsamma krigsföretag återkallade kompaniets direktörer honom 1844. Laws förtjänster om försvaret av Indiens nordvästgräns och den indiska arméns reorganisation belönades av regeringen vid hans hemkomst med en earltitel, och i Peels ministär var han några månader 1846 förste amiralitetslord. Sitt gamla ämbete i India Office återfick han i Derbys ministär (februari 1858); genom sitt egenmäktiga klander av en av vicekungen över Indien, lord Canning, utfärdad proklamation utsatte han kort därpå regeringen för säker utsikt att erhålla ett misstroendevotum i parlamentet och såg sig därför nödsakad att avgå (maj samma år). I överhuset uppträdde Law 1864 med värme för Danmarks sak. har utgivit hans dagbok för åren 1828–1830 (2 band, 1881) samt History of the Indian administration of Ellenborough (1874). (sv) Эдвард Лоу, 1-й граф Элленборо (8 сентября 1790 — 22 декабря 1871) — британский политик-тори. Он четыре раза был и в 1842—1844 годах был генерал-губернатором Индии. (ru) |
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Edward Law, 1. hrabě z Ellenboroughu (Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, 1st Viscount Southam, 2nd Baron Ellenborough) (8. září 1790 – 22. prosince 1871) byl britský státník. Patřil k toryům, v mládí byl poslancem Dolní sněmovny, od roku 1818 po otci zdědil titul barona a zasedal ve Sněmovně lordů. V několika vládách byl ministrem, celkem čtyřikrát zastával funkci prezidenta kontrolního úřadu Východoindické společnosti, byl také generálním guvernérem v Indii a ministrem námořnictva. V roce 1844 byl povýšen na hraběte. (cs) Edward Law, 1. Earl of Ellenborough GCB PC (* 8. September 1790 in London; † 22. Dezember 1871 in , Gloucestershire) war ein britischer Peer und Politiker. (de) Edward Law, 1.er conde de Ellenborough (8 de septiembre de 1790 - 22 de diciembre de 1871) fue un noble y político británico que ocupó el cargo de gobernador general de la India (1842-1844). (es) Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, GCB, PC (8 September 1790 – 22 December 1871) was a British Tory politician. He was four times President of the Board of Control and also served as Governor-General of India between 1842 and 1844. (en) Edward Law, 1er comte d’Ellenborough, GCB, PC (8 septembre 1790 - 22 décembre 1871) est un homme politique conservateur britannique. Il est quatre fois président du Conseil de contrôle et également Gouverneur général des Indes entre 1842 et 1844 . (fr) 初代エレンボロー伯爵エドワード・ロウ（英: Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough、1790年9月8日 - 1871年12月22日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 1842年から1844年にかけてインド総督を務め、シンドへの軍事侵攻と併合を行った。 (ja) Edward Law, I conte di Ellenborough (8 settembre 1790 – Gloucestershire, 22 dicembre 1871), fu Viceré d'India fra il 1842 ed il 1844. (it) Эдвард Лоу, 1-й граф Элленборо (8 сентября 1790 — 22 декабря 1871) — британский политик-тори. Он четыре раза был и в 1842—1844 годах был генерал-губернатором Индии. (ru) Edward Law, 1. hrabia Ellenborough GCB (ur. 8 września 1790, zm. 22 grudnia 1871) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, członek stronnictwa torysów i Partii Konserwatywnej, minister w rządach księcia Wellington, Roberta Peela i lorda Derby’ego. Zmarł w 1871 r. Wraz z jego śmiercią wygasł tytuł hrabiego. Tytuł barona odziedziczył jego bratanek, . (pl) Edward Law, 1:e earl av Ellenborough, född 8 september 1790, död 22 december 1871, var en brittisk statsman, son till Edward Law, 1:e baron Ellenborough. Ellenborough invaldes 1813 (som tory) i underhuset, fick 1818 vid faderns död säte i överhuset, där han ofta uppträdde skarpt kritiskt mot Cannings utrikespolitik, och var 1828–1830, först som lordsigillbevarare, sedan som president i India Office (d.v.s. Board of Control), medlem av Wellingtons ministär. År 1824 hade han ingått sitt andra äktenskap med den senare så beryktade Jane Digby. De skildes 1830 på grund av hennes affär med diplomaten Felix zu Schwarzenberg. (sv) |
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Edward Law, 1. hrabě z Ellenboroughu (cs) Edward Law, 1. Earl of Ellenborough (de) Edward Law (es) Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough (en) Edward Law (1er comte d'Ellenborough) (fr) Edward Law, I conte di Ellenborough (it) エドワード・ロウ (初代エレンボロー伯爵) (ja) Edward Law (1. hrabia Ellenborough) (pl) Edward Law, 1:e earl av Ellenborough (sv) Лоу, Эдвард (политик) (ru) |
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