George Canning (original) (raw)
George Canning (11. duben 1770 – 8. srpen 1827) byl britský státník a politik, který zastával funkci ministra zahraničí a krátce i premiéra.
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| dbo:abstract | George Canning (11. duben 1770 – 8. srpen 1827) byl britský státník a politik, který zastával funkci ministra zahraničí a krátce i premiéra. (cs) جورج كانينغ (بالإنجليزية: George Canning) سياسي بريطاني (11 أبريل 1770-8 أغسطس 1827). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 10 أبريل إلى 8 أغسطس 1827. توفي أثناء بقاءه في منصبه. أصبح وزيرا للخارجية مرتين: * من 25 مارس 1807 وإلى 11 أكتوبر 1809 في عهد دوق بورتلاند. * من 16 سبتمبر 1822 وإلى 30 أبريل 1827 في عهد روبرت جنكنسون (وهو الذي خلفه كانينغ في رئاسة الوزارة). (ar) Ο Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ (αγγλ. Georges Canning, 11 Απριλίου 1770 - 8 Αυγούστου 1827) ή εξελληνισμένα Γεώργιος Κάνιγξ (γεν. Κάνιγγος) ήταν Άγγλος φιλέλληνας πολιτικός, που διετέλεσε Υπουργός Εξωτερικών της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και πρωθυπουργός κατά την περίοδο 10 Απριλίου-8 Αυγούστου του 1827. Φοίτησε στο Hyde-Abbey του Γουίντσεστερ και το 1788 συνέχισε τις σπουδές του στο πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης. Εξέδιδε, από την ηλικία των 16 ετών, τη λογοτεχνική εφημερίδα Μικρόκοσμος. Το 1793 έγινε βουλευτής και διακρίθηκε για την ευγλωττία του, ενώ έγινε και ιδιαίτερος του πρωθυπουργού Ουίλιαμ Πιτ του νεότερου. Στα 1799 υποστήριξε με τον Πιτ την κατάργηση του δουλεμπορίου ενώ τάχθηκε υπέρ του αγώνα θρησκευτικής ελευθερίας των Ιρλανδών καθολικών. Αυτό το ακανθώδες πρόβλημα ήταν ταυτόχρονα το όπλο του Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ, που το χρησιμοποίησε ως μέσο εκβιασμού για να παραμείνει στο υπουργείο διατηρώντας την ελπίδα του εκλογικού σώματος των Ιρλανδών για ένωση. Στις 8 Ιουλίου 1800 παντρεύτηκε την κόρη του στρατηγού John Scott Balcomie, ο οποίος είχε αποκτήσει περιουσία στην Ινδία, τότε αποικία της Βρετανίας. Το 1801 ακολούθησε τον Πιτ στην αντιπολίτευση ενώ όταν ανέλαβε ξανά την εξουσία, το Μάιο του 1804, ανέλαβε την οικονομική διαχείριση του Πολεμικού Ναυτικού. Το 1814 διορίστηκε πρέσβης στην Πορτογαλία θέση από την οποία παραιτήθηκε τον επόμενο χρόνο. Τον Ιούλιο του 1817 επέστρεψε στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και το 1821 διορίστηκε κυβερνήτης της Ινδίας. Μετά την αυτοκτονία του υπουργού Εξωτερικών της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας, Κάσλρεϊ, στις 12 Αυγούστου 1822, ο Κάνινγκ τον διαδέχτηκε εφαρμόζοντας πιο φιλελεύθερη πολιτική στο ελληνικό ζήτημα. Το 1824 η Βρετανική κυβέρνηση υποστήριξε τον αγώνα των Ελλήνων για ανεξαρτησία από την Οθωμανική αυτοκρατορία και το 1826 ο Κάνινγκ υπέγραψε με τη Γαλλία και τη Ρωσία συνθήκη ειρήνης ανάμεσα στην Τουρκία και την Ελλάδα. Τον Απρίλιο του 1827 ο Κάνινγκ σχημάτισε κυβέρνηση και προώθησε την ανεξαρτησία της Ελλάδας αλλά και τα αιτήματα των καθολικών Ιρλανδών, χωρίς να προλάβει να ολοκληρώσει το έργο του καθώς πέθανε τρεις μήνες αργότερα από πνευμονία. (el) George CANNING (11a de Aprilo 1770 – 8a de Aŭgusto 1827) estis brita ŝtatestro kaj politikisto de la Konservisma Partio kiu servis en variaj ministraj postenoj dum regado de nombraj ĉefministroj, antaŭ iĝi li mem ĉefministro dum la finaj kvar monatoj de sia vivo. Li estis la filo de aktorino kaj malsukcesa negocisto kaj advokato, Canning estis subtenata finance de sia onklo Stratford, kio ebligis al li ĉeesti en Eton College kaj en Christ Church (Oksfordo). Canning eniris en politiko en 1793 kaj tuj elstaris. Li estis Pagisto de la Armeo (1800–01) kaj Trezoristo de la Reĝa mararmeo (1804–06) dum regado de William Pitt. Canning estis Foreign Secretary (ministro pri eksterlandaj aferoj, 1807–09) dum regado de la Duko de Portland, kiu estis malsano. Canning estis la dominanta figuro en la kabineto kaj estris la kapton de la Dana ŝiparo en 1807 por sekurigi la Britian ŝiparan hegemonion super Napoleono. En 1809, li estis vundita en duelo kontraŭ sia rivalo Lord Castlereagh kaj tuj li estis nomumita sukcedanto de la Duko de Portland favore al Spencer Perceval. Li restis ekster altaj postenoj ĝis Perceval estis murdita en 1812. Canning poste servis dum regado de la nova ĉefministro Grafo de Liverpool kiel Britia Ambasadoro en Portugalio (1814–16), Prezidento de la Kontrola Stabanaro de Hindio (1816–21), kaj ministro pri eksterlandaj aferoj kaj estro de la Ĉambro de komunuloj (1822–27). Al la reĝo ne plaĉis Canning kaj estis klopodoj por frustracii sian eksterlandan politikon. Canning, tamen, sukcese kontruis ampleksan publikan subtenon por sia politiko. Historiisto Paul Hayes argumentis ke li atingis ĉefajn sukcesojn en diplomatiaj rilatoj ĉe Hispanio kaj Portugalio, helpante garantii la sendependecon de la amerikaj kolonioj de Portugalio (t.e. Brazilo) kaj de Hispanio. Liaj politikoj sekurigis gravan komercan avantaĝon por Britiaj komercistoj kaj subtenis la usonan Doktrinon de Monroe. Kiam Lord Liverpool rezignis en Aprilo 1827, Canning estis elektita por sukcedi lin kiel ĉefministro super la Duko de Wellington kaj Sir Robert Peel. Ili ambaŭ malakceptis servi sub Canning kaj la Torioj disiĝis inter la ultra-torioj de Peel kaj Wellington kaj la Canning-anoj. Canning tiam invitis kelkajn Whig-ojn aliĝi al lia kabineto. Tamen, lia sano malboniĝis kaj li mortiĝis enpostene en Aŭgusto 1827, post nur 119 tagoj enpostene, la plej mallonga regotempo de ajna Britia ĉefministro. (eo) George Canning (* 11. April 1770 in London; † 8. August 1827 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker, der als Außenminister und für kurze Zeit als Premierminister diente. Aufgewachsen in ärmlichen Verhältnissen, ermöglichte ihm sein Onkel Stratford Canning den Besuch in Eton und Oxford, wo der junge George Canning als Schüler brillierte. 1793 trat der ehrgeizige Canning in die Politik ein. Zunächst wie sein Onkel ein Whig gewesen, wechselte er schnell die Seiten und schloss sich Pitt dem Jüngeren an, den er idolisierte und unter dem er schnell erste Regierungsämter erhielt. Nach Pitts Rücktritt 1801 folgte Canning ihm in die Opposition und attackierte Pitts Nachfolger Addington. Nach dem Tod Pitts 1806 fand er sich erneut in der Opposition wieder. Nach dem Fall der kurzlebigen Regierung aller Talente wurde er 1807 im Kabinett des Duke of Portland Außenminister. Dort war er die dominante und treibende Kraft der britischen Politik, bis interne Streitigkeiten und Intrigen 1809 zu einem Duell zwischen ihm und seinem Kabinettskollegen Lord Castlereagh führten. Beide traten zurück und wurden nach dem Rücktritt Portlands bei der Nachfolgediskussion übergangen. Canning blieb nun jahrelang Hinterbänkler und lehnte alle Angebote des neuen Premierministers Spencer Perceval ab, wieder ins Kabinett einzutreten, da dieser ihm nicht die gewünschte Machtfülle im Unterhaus überlassen wollte. Unter dessen Nachfolger Lord Liverpool war er von 1814 bis 1816 Botschafter im verbündeten Portugal, bevor er 1816 President of the Board of Control wurde. 1820 trat er erneut zurück und sah seine politische Karriere bereits als beendet an. Der Selbstmord Castlereaghs 1822 wendete jedoch Cannings politisches Schicksal und er wurde dessen Nachfolger als Außenminister, wo er fünf Jahre lang wegweisende Richtungsentscheidungen traf und Großbritanniens außenpolitischen Kurs auch für die nachfolgenden Jahrzehnte formte. Nach Liverpools Rücktritt 1827 wurde Canning sein Nachfolger. Bereits seit längerem gesundheitlich angegriffen, starb er nach nur 119 Tagen im Amt, der lange Zeit (bis zum Rücktritt von Liz Truss im Jahr 2022) kürzesten Amtszeit eines Premierministers. (de) George Canning FRS (11 April 1770 – 8 August 1827) was a British Tory statesman. He held various senior cabinet positions under numerous prime ministers, including two important terms as Foreign Secretary, finally becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for the last 119 days of his life, from April to August 1827. The son of an actress and a failed businessman and lawyer, Canning was supported financially by his uncle, Stratford Canning, which allowed him to attend Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. Canning entered politics in 1793 and rose rapidly. He was Paymaster of the Forces (1800–1801) and Treasurer of the Navy (1804–1806) under William Pitt the Younger. Canning was Foreign Secretary (1807–1809) under the Duke of Portland. Canning was the dominant figure in the cabinet and directed the seizure of the Danish fleet in 1807 to assure Britain's naval supremacy over Napoleon. In 1809, he was wounded in a duel with his rival Lord Castlereagh and was shortly thereafter passed over as a successor to the Duke of Portland in favour of Spencer Perceval. He rejected overtures to serve as Foreign Secretary again because of Castlereagh's presence in Perceval's Cabinet, and he remained out of high office until after Perceval was assassinated in 1812. Canning subsequently served under the new Prime Minister the Earl of Liverpool as British Ambassador to Portugal (1814–1816), President of the Board of Control (1816–1821) and Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons (1822–1827). King George IV disliked Canning, and there were efforts to frustrate his foreign policies. Canning, however, successfully built wide public support for his policies. The historian Paul Hayes argues that he scored major achievements in diplomatic relations regarding Spain and Portugal, by helping to guarantee the independence of the American colonies of Portugal and Spain. His policies ensured a major trading advantage to British merchants and supported the Americans' Monroe Doctrine. The historian G. M. Trevelyan stated: For five years England had been guided by the genius of Canning, and seldom have so much brilliancy and so much wisdom combined to produce such happy results. The constitutional medium through which that genius worked was the loyal friendship of the prime minister, Lord Liverpool. When Lord Liverpool resigned in April 1827, Canning was chosen to succeed him as Prime Minister, ahead of the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel. Both of them declined to serve under Canning, and the Tories split between Peel and Wellington's Ultra-Tories and the Canningites. Canning then invited several Whigs to join his cabinet. However, his health collapsed, and he died in office in August 1827. His tenure of only 119 days in office made him the shortest-serving prime minister in history until Liz Truss's 2022 premiership. (en) George Canning (Marylebone, Middlesex, 1770eko apirilaren 11 - , 1827ko abuztuaren 8a) britainiar politikaria izan zen, gobernuan hainbat kargu bete zituen. Besteak beste, enbaxadorea Portugalen, Ogasuneko Kantzilerra, Kanpo Arazoetarako Idazkari eta Komunen Ganberako burua izan zen. Azkenean, 1827ko martxoaren 25ean, lehen ministro izendatu zuten, eta 118 egun geroago hil zen. Katolikoen emantzipazioa eta Iberoamerikako herrialdeen independentzia babestu zituen. Danimarkako flota 1807an atxilotu zuen, Napoleonen aurkako itsas nagusitasuna ziurtatzeko. * Datuak: Q219731 * Multimedia: George Canning (eu) George Canning, né le 11 avril 1770 à Londres et mort le 8 août 1827 à Chiswick en Angleterre, est un homme d'État britannique. Il est Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni pour une courte durée d'avril à août 1827 et exerce à deux reprises les fonctions de ministre des Affaires étrangères, de 1807 à 1809 puis de 1822 à 1827. Issu d'un milieu relativement modeste, il accomplit de brillantes études grâce au soutien financier de son oncle et entre en politique à l'âge de 23 ans. Son ascension est rapide : membre du gouvernement de William Pitt le Jeune de 1800 à 1806, il est ministre des Affaires étrangères sous le duc de Portland l'année suivante et s'emploie à maintenir la suprématie navale du Royaume-Uni face à Napoléon Ier. Écarté un temps des hautes fonctions du fait de sa rivalité avec Castlereagh, il retourne sur le devant de la scène en 1812 et exerce différents postes pour le compte du gouvernement Liverpool (ambassadeur au Portugal, président du Bureau de contrôle, leader de la Chambre des communes et ministre des Affaires étrangères à nouveau en 1822). À la tête du Foreign Office, Canning obtient de nombreux succès diplomatiques, à commencer par la reconnaissance des ex-colonies espagnoles et portugaises en Amérique latine et le développement du commerce maritime britannique. L'historien G. M. Trevelyan écrit : « Pendant cinq ans, l'Angleterre fut guidée par le génie de Canning, et rarement autant d'éclat et de sagesse se combinèrent de la sorte pour produire des résultats aussi heureux. » Choisi pour succéder à Liverpool, démissionnaire, en avril 1827, Canning doit faire face à la scission des tories entre ses partisans et ceux de l'aile ultra-conservatrice de Robert Peel et du duc de Wellington. Sa santé décline toutefois rapidement et il meurt quatre mois à peine après son début de mandat, qui est pendant près de deux siècles le plus court de l'histoire du Royaume-Uni, seulement dépassé en brièveté par celui de Liz Truss en 2022. (fr) George Canning (Londres, 11 de abril de 1770-Chiswick, Middlesex, 8 de agosto de 1827) fue un abogado y político británico, quien se desempeñó como ministro de asuntos exteriores de Gran Bretaña durante las Guerras Napoleónicas y luego en la «Europa de la Restauración» tras el Congreso de Viena. (es) Ba é George Canning príomh-aire na Ríochta Aontaithe agus ceannaire an Pháirtí Tóraí. Rugadh é ar an 11 Aibreán 1770 agus fuair sé bás ar an 11 Lúnasa 1770. (ga) 조지 캐닝(George Canning, ; 1770년 4월 11일 - 1827년 8월 8일)은 영국 토리당의 정치인이었다. 그의 아버지는 본래 변호사로서 사업에 실패하여 빚더미에 앉았고, 캐닝스는 삼촌의 재정적 지원으로 이튼 칼리지와 를 졸업할 수 있었다. 1793년 정치에 뛰어든 그는 빠르게 중요 인물로 떠올랐고 소 피트 정부를 시작으로 여러 총리의 내각에서 활동하였다. 나폴레옹 전쟁 기간 동안에도 국방, 외교 관련 직책을 주로 맡으며 여러 성과를 거두었다. 1809년에는 캐슬레이 자작 로버트 스튜어트 전 총리와 정치 문제로 결투를 행하여 물의를 빚기도 했다. 1827년 건강 문제로 사임한 제2대 리버풀 백작 로버트 젱킨슨의 뒤를 이어 영국의 총리직에 올랐으나 그 역시 건강이 악화되어 결국 118일만에 사망하였다. (ko) George Canning (Marylebone, Londen, 11 april 1770 - Chiswick, 8 augustus 1827) was een Brits Tory-politicus en eerste minister. (nl) ジョージ・カニング閣下（英: The Rt.Hon. George Canning, PC FRS、1770年4月11日 - 1827年8月8日）は、イギリスの政治家、外務大臣、首相。 小ピット子飼いの政治家として政治キャリアを積み、外務大臣（在職：1807年 - 1809年、1822年 - 1827年）として活躍した後、最晩年に短期間だが首相（在職1827年4月 - 同年8月）を務めた。トーリー党所属ながらリベラルな政治家だった。 (ja) George Canning (Londra, 11 aprile 1770 – Chiswick, 8 agosto 1827) è stato un politico britannico.Ha fatto parte del Partito Tory. È stato Primo Ministro del Regno Unito dal 10 aprile 1827 all'8 agosto 1827. (it) George Canning (ur. 11 kwietnia 1770 w Londynie, zm. 8 sierpnia 1827 w Chiswick w hrabstwie Middlesex) – brytyjski polityk i dyplomata, premier Wielkiej Brytanii od 10 kwietnia do 8 sierpnia 1827 r. Był zwolennikiem polityki premiera Pitta. W gabinecie premiera Portlanda był ministrem spraw zagranicznych. W latach 1813-1816 był posłem w Lizbonie, w 1816 r. został przewodniczącym Rady Kontroli, w 1822 r. został powtórnie ministrem spraw zagranicznych. W 1827 r. został premierem. (pl) George Canning (11 de abril de 1770 - 8 de agosto de 1827) foi um político britânico, que serviu como secretário de estado dos negócios estrangeiros e, brevemente, como primeiro ministro do Reino Unido. (pt) George Canning, född den 11 april 1770 i London, död den 8 augusti 1827 Chiswick, Middlesex, var en brittisk statsman, far till Charles John Canning. George Cannings far, född på Irland i grevskapet Londonderry, var advokat och litteratör och dog redan på första årsdagen av sonens födelse; hans mor, , blev efter mannens död skådespelerska utan att dock röna några större framgångar och lämnade på sonens uppmaning scenen 1801. Den unge Canning uppfostrades av en farbror, bankiren Stratford Canning, gick först i Hyde Abbey School i Winchester, och kom därpå till Eton, där han gjorde sig bemärkt genom sin lysande begåvning och deltog i utgivandet av en skoltidskrift The Microcosm som tilldrog sig sådan uppmärksamhet, att en förläggare betalade 50 pund för förlagsrätten. År 1787 kom Canning till Christ Church College i Oxford, där han knöt bekantskap med åtskilliga sina jämnåriga, som sedan fått namn i historien – Robert Jenkinson, lord Holland, lord Morpeth och . År 1791 blev Canning bachelor of arts och inskrevs därefter vid Lincoln's Inn. Tidigt kom han i beröring med politiken. Den nyssnämnde farbrodern var utpräglad whig; i hans hus umgicks Fox och Sheridan, och den unge Canning syns från början ha delat deras åsikter. Under intrycket av franska revolutionen fördes han emellertid över i det motsatta lägret och gjorde 1793 sitt inträde i underhuset såsom anhängare av Pitt. Redan 1796 blev han understatssekreterare för utrikesärenden, vilket ämbete han 1799 utbytte mot en plats i India board och följande år mot befattningen såsom joint paymaster of the forces. Under tiden november 1797-juli 1798 deltog han i utgivandet av tidskriften The Anti-Jacobin, vars huvudsyfte var att med skämtets vapen bekämpa den jakobinska flygeln av whigpartiet och dess koryféer (Erskine, [Sheridan med flera). Åtskilliga av de saltaste bidragen (The friend of humanity and the knifegrinder, New morality) härrör från Canning. År 1800 gifte han sig med Joan Scott, en rik arvtagerska. Följande år avgick han med Pitt på frågan om de irländska katolikernas ställning. Vid flera senare tillfällen (1812, 1822) visade sig Canning som en trogen anhängare av den katolikernas emancipation, som genomfördes två år efter hans död. Till den efter Pitt följande addingtonska ministären ställde sig Canning i skarp opposition och förvärvade sig genom sina sarkasmer (Pitt is to Addington as London is to Paddington) från många håll en ovilja, som följde honom till graven. I Pitts andra ministär var Canning treasurer of the navy, men avböjde efter sin mästares död en framskjuten plats i den så kallade "alla talangernas ministär" (1806, 1807). I den därpå följande portlandska ministären åter blev Canning utrikesminister. Den politiska ställningen i Europa, då Canning övertog ledningen av Storbritanniens utrikespolitik, bestämdes av freden i Tilsit. Canning hade fått kännedom om att där avtalats, att Frankrike och Ryssland genom lämpliga medel skulle försäkra sig om den danska (och portugisiska) örlogsflottans medverkan i striden mot Storbritannien. Canning fordrade då kategoriskt, att Danmark skulle ingå förbund med Storbritannien samt mot en årlig summa av 100 000 pund "deponera" sin flotta där till krigets slut. Då den danska regeringen vägrade, bombarderade den brittiska flottan Köpenhamn ("Köpenhamns bombardemang") och bemäktigade sig med våld den danska flottan. Av än större betydelse är händelserna på Pyreneiska halvön, allra helst som de ledde till en kris i Cannings eget liv. , Moores fälttåg och det ringa understöd, som gavs åt bröderna Wellesley på deras mission i Spanien, under det att samtidigt expeditionen till Walcheren misslyckades, framkallade mellan Canning och krigsministern lord Castlereagh en brytning, som efter långa underhandlingar bakom den senares rygg, för vilka med orätt Canning fått uppbära allt klandret, 1809 ledde till en duell mellan de båda statsmännen och till Cannings avgång och politiska overksamhet för en följd av år. Samma år vägrade han att ingå i Percevals ministär. Då 1812 den liverpoolska ministären bildades, hade Canning anbud på utrikesministerplatsen, som Castlereagh erbjöd sig att lämna, men avböjde den, eftersom denne senare inte samtidigt ville avstå från ledningen av underhuset. Efter att 1814–1815 ha varit brittiskt sändebud i Lissabon, blev Canning 1816 minister för Indien (president of the board of control) och delar med sina kolleger ansvaret för habeas-corpus-aktens suspension 1817 och de sex akterna 1819, men avgick 1820 i anledning av regeringens politik gentemot drottningen. Efter att ha tillbragt mellantiden på resor, lät han 1822 utnämna sig till generalguvernör i Indien, men kallades samma år efter Castlereaghs självmord åter till utrikesminister och underhusets ledare. Det Europa, på vars öden Canning nu skulle utöva ett så genomgripande inflytande, var den heliga alliansens. De frågor, som i främsta rummet väntade sin lösning vid Cannings tillträde till utrikesministerposten, var den grekiska resningen och förhållandena i Spanien och dess amerikanska kolonier, vartill något senare kom ställning i Portugal och Brasilien. Vid lösningen av dessa uppgifter ställde sig Canning på samma ståndpunkt som sin företrädare - på non-interventionsprincipens. Den spanska frågan upprullades först. Det brittiska sändebudet på , Wellington, tog avstånd från den planerade samfällda interventionen i Spanien och lyckades förhindra den, varemot den franska separatinterventionen ej kunde avstyras. Men Canning bröt udden av dess inverkan på Storbritanniens ställning genom sitt erkännande av de revolterande koloniernas självständighet 1 januari 1825. I avseende på skilsmässan mellan Brasilien och Portugal och de inre förvecklingarna i sistnämnda land handlade Canning lika snabbt och beslutsamt som i avseende på Spanien. År 1824 sändes en brittisk flottavdelning till Lissabon för att i händelse av behov utgöra en tillflyktsort för kungen (vilket vid dom Miguels statskupp i april samma år blev verklighet). År 1825 lyckades Canning bemedla en fullständig uppgörelse mellan Portugal och Brasilien, vari det senare landets självständighet erkändes. Följande år i december gav han Storbritanniens stöd åt infantinnan Marias förmyndarregering mot dom Miguels från spansk sida understödda insurrektion. Ojämförligt större svårigheter beredde den orientaliska frågan. I avseende därpå hade Canning alltifrån början satt till sin uppgift att söka förmå Turkiet till eftergifter gentemot grekerna för att dymedelst hindra Ryssland att begagna tillfället till territoriella utvidgningar. Krisen blev akut genom Ibrahim Paschas framgångar åren 1824 och 1825, som slutligen (april 1826) ledde till erövring. Ibrahims segrar tvang grekerna att mot slutet av 1825 ställa sig under Storbritanniens beskydd och av britterna utbedja sig en kung. Efter Alexanders död (1 december 1825) sände Canning Wellington till Sankt Petersburg för att få till stånd dels ett utjämnande av tvistepunkterna mellan Ryssland och Turkiet, dels ett allmänt samförstånd i den grekiska frågan. En särskild drivfjäder till denna underhandling var ett allmänt spritt, av den brittiska diplomatin i Konstantinopel bekräftat rykte, att Ibrahim ämnade utrota hela den grekiska befolkningen på Morea och i stället befolka landet med egyptier eller andra muslimer. Wellingtons beskickning ledde till undertecknandet av Petersburgprotokollet den 4 april 1826), varigenom de båda makterna förband sig att erbjuda Turkiet sin medling. Grekland skulle bli en faktiskt oberoende, ehuru tributpliktig stat, styrd av självvalda myndigheter och i åtnjutande av full samvets- och handelsfrihet. Turkarna skulle utrymma Grekland. Denna överenskommelse hjälpte grekiska frågans lösning ett gott stycke på väg, men innebar intet reglerande av förhållandet mellan Ryssland och Turkiet, som utan Cannings medverkan ordnades genom fördraget i Akerman 1826. Petersburgprotokollet befästes i juli 1827 genom avslutandet (i London) av en traktat mellan Storbritannien, Frankrike och Ryssland. I en hemlig artikel överenskom de fördragslutande makterna att genom tjänliga medel söka åstadkomma ett stillestånd, samt att instruktioner i enlighet härmed skulle tillställas de befälhavande amiralerna i de levantiska farvattnen. Dessa erhöll befallning att utan att låta det komma till fientligheter uppbringa alla fartyg, befraktade med trupper eller vapen, avsedda att användas mot grekerna. Detta ledde till 20 oktober 1827. Canning var då inte längre bland de levandes antal. Efter Liverpools död (17 februari 1827) uppdrogs åt Canning att bilda det nya kabinettet. Wellington, Peel och flera andra avgick med hänsyn till Cannings ställning till frågan om katolikernas emancipation. Canning måste då söka stöd hos whigs, och en av deras ledande män, lord Lansdowne, inträdde i det nya kabinettet. I kabinettet var Canning både premiär- och finansminister. Han avled emellertid redan senare samma år. Cannings egentliga storhet ligger på det utrikespolitiska området. I inrikespolitiken var han, en trogen lärjunge av Pitt, en reformvän i 1700-talets anda. Såsom utrikespolitiker tillhör han helt 1800-talet och var en bland de första, som med snillets intuition uppfattade nationalitetsidéernas genomgripande betydelse för det europeiska statssystemets omdaning och utveckling. Canning var tillika – efter Fox död – utan jämförelse parlamentets mest lysande talare: hans utseende och uppträdande, hans behagliga röst, ordvalet, bildernas skönhet, klarheten och skärpan i bevisföringen, allt fängslade oemotståndligt. Hans tal utgavs 1828 i sex band. (sv) Джордж Ка́ннинг (англ. George Canning; 11 апреля 1770[…], Лондон — 8 августа 1827[…], Чизик) — английский политический деятель, представитель либерального крыла партии тори, с марта 1807 по октябрь 1809 года на посту министра иностранных дел отвечавший за поведение Великобритании во время наполеоновских войн в Европе. Один из главных оппонентов «Священного союза». Премьер-министр Великобритании в 1827 году. (ru) 喬治·坎寧（George Canning，1770年4月11日－1827年8月8日），英國政治家，外相，曾短暫出任英國首相。 (zh) Джордж Каннінг (англ. George Canning; 11 квітня 1770 — 8 серпня 1827) — британський політичний діяч, торі. Був міністром закордонних справ в 1807—1810 і 1822—1827 і прем'єр-міністром у 1827. При ньому, під час наполеонівських воєн, був захоплений данський флот і Велика Британія вдерлася на Іспанський півострів. Під час другого терміну на посаді прем'єр-міністра він підтримував національні рухи в Греції і Південній Америці. Коли Веллінгтон, Піл й інші торі відмовилися працювати під його керівництвом, він створив коаліційний уряд з вігами. Помер у своєму робочому кабінеті. (uk) |
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| dbp:caption | Portrait by Thomas Lawrence (en) |
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| dbp:parents | (en) George Canning Sr. (en) Mary Ann Costello (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | George Canning (11. duben 1770 – 8. srpen 1827) byl britský státník a politik, který zastával funkci ministra zahraničí a krátce i premiéra. (cs) جورج كانينغ (بالإنجليزية: George Canning) سياسي بريطاني (11 أبريل 1770-8 أغسطس 1827). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 10 أبريل إلى 8 أغسطس 1827. توفي أثناء بقاءه في منصبه. أصبح وزيرا للخارجية مرتين: * من 25 مارس 1807 وإلى 11 أكتوبر 1809 في عهد دوق بورتلاند. * من 16 سبتمبر 1822 وإلى 30 أبريل 1827 في عهد روبرت جنكنسون (وهو الذي خلفه كانينغ في رئاسة الوزارة). (ar) George Canning (Londres, 11 de abril de 1770-Chiswick, Middlesex, 8 de agosto de 1827) fue un abogado y político británico, quien se desempeñó como ministro de asuntos exteriores de Gran Bretaña durante las Guerras Napoleónicas y luego en la «Europa de la Restauración» tras el Congreso de Viena. (es) Ba é George Canning príomh-aire na Ríochta Aontaithe agus ceannaire an Pháirtí Tóraí. Rugadh é ar an 11 Aibreán 1770 agus fuair sé bás ar an 11 Lúnasa 1770. (ga) 조지 캐닝(George Canning, ; 1770년 4월 11일 - 1827년 8월 8일)은 영국 토리당의 정치인이었다. 그의 아버지는 본래 변호사로서 사업에 실패하여 빚더미에 앉았고, 캐닝스는 삼촌의 재정적 지원으로 이튼 칼리지와 를 졸업할 수 있었다. 1793년 정치에 뛰어든 그는 빠르게 중요 인물로 떠올랐고 소 피트 정부를 시작으로 여러 총리의 내각에서 활동하였다. 나폴레옹 전쟁 기간 동안에도 국방, 외교 관련 직책을 주로 맡으며 여러 성과를 거두었다. 1809년에는 캐슬레이 자작 로버트 스튜어트 전 총리와 정치 문제로 결투를 행하여 물의를 빚기도 했다. 1827년 건강 문제로 사임한 제2대 리버풀 백작 로버트 젱킨슨의 뒤를 이어 영국의 총리직에 올랐으나 그 역시 건강이 악화되어 결국 118일만에 사망하였다. (ko) George Canning (Marylebone, Londen, 11 april 1770 - Chiswick, 8 augustus 1827) was een Brits Tory-politicus en eerste minister. (nl) ジョージ・カニング閣下（英: The Rt.Hon. George Canning, PC FRS、1770年4月11日 - 1827年8月8日）は、イギリスの政治家、外務大臣、首相。 小ピット子飼いの政治家として政治キャリアを積み、外務大臣（在職：1807年 - 1809年、1822年 - 1827年）として活躍した後、最晩年に短期間だが首相（在職1827年4月 - 同年8月）を務めた。トーリー党所属ながらリベラルな政治家だった。 (ja) George Canning (Londra, 11 aprile 1770 – Chiswick, 8 agosto 1827) è stato un politico britannico.Ha fatto parte del Partito Tory. È stato Primo Ministro del Regno Unito dal 10 aprile 1827 all'8 agosto 1827. (it) George Canning (ur. 11 kwietnia 1770 w Londynie, zm. 8 sierpnia 1827 w Chiswick w hrabstwie Middlesex) – brytyjski polityk i dyplomata, premier Wielkiej Brytanii od 10 kwietnia do 8 sierpnia 1827 r. Był zwolennikiem polityki premiera Pitta. W gabinecie premiera Portlanda był ministrem spraw zagranicznych. W latach 1813-1816 był posłem w Lizbonie, w 1816 r. został przewodniczącym Rady Kontroli, w 1822 r. został powtórnie ministrem spraw zagranicznych. W 1827 r. został premierem. (pl) George Canning (11 de abril de 1770 - 8 de agosto de 1827) foi um político britânico, que serviu como secretário de estado dos negócios estrangeiros e, brevemente, como primeiro ministro do Reino Unido. (pt) Джордж Ка́ннинг (англ. George Canning; 11 апреля 1770[…], Лондон — 8 августа 1827[…], Чизик) — английский политический деятель, представитель либерального крыла партии тори, с марта 1807 по октябрь 1809 года на посту министра иностранных дел отвечавший за поведение Великобритании во время наполеоновских войн в Европе. Один из главных оппонентов «Священного союза». Премьер-министр Великобритании в 1827 году. (ru) 喬治·坎寧（George Canning，1770年4月11日－1827年8月8日），英國政治家，外相，曾短暫出任英國首相。 (zh) Джордж Каннінг (англ. George Canning; 11 квітня 1770 — 8 серпня 1827) — британський політичний діяч, торі. Був міністром закордонних справ в 1807—1810 і 1822—1827 і прем'єр-міністром у 1827. При ньому, під час наполеонівських воєн, був захоплений данський флот і Велика Британія вдерлася на Іспанський півострів. Під час другого терміну на посаді прем'єр-міністра він підтримував національні рухи в Греції і Південній Америці. Коли Веллінгтон, Піл й інші торі відмовилися працювати під його керівництвом, він створив коаліційний уряд з вігами. Помер у своєму робочому кабінеті. (uk) Ο Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ (αγγλ. Georges Canning, 11 Απριλίου 1770 - 8 Αυγούστου 1827) ή εξελληνισμένα Γεώργιος Κάνιγξ (γεν. Κάνιγγος) ήταν Άγγλος φιλέλληνας πολιτικός, που διετέλεσε Υπουργός Εξωτερικών της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και πρωθυπουργός κατά την περίοδο 10 Απριλίου-8 Αυγούστου του 1827. (el) George CANNING (11a de Aprilo 1770 – 8a de Aŭgusto 1827) estis brita ŝtatestro kaj politikisto de la Konservisma Partio kiu servis en variaj ministraj postenoj dum regado de nombraj ĉefministroj, antaŭ iĝi li mem ĉefministro dum la finaj kvar monatoj de sia vivo. (eo) George Canning (* 11. April 1770 in London; † 8. August 1827 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker, der als Außenminister und für kurze Zeit als Premierminister diente. Aufgewachsen in ärmlichen Verhältnissen, ermöglichte ihm sein Onkel Stratford Canning den Besuch in Eton und Oxford, wo der junge George Canning als Schüler brillierte. 1793 trat der ehrgeizige Canning in die Politik ein. Zunächst wie sein Onkel ein Whig gewesen, wechselte er schnell die Seiten und schloss sich Pitt dem Jüngeren an, den er idolisierte und unter dem er schnell erste Regierungsämter erhielt. Nach Pitts Rücktritt 1801 folgte Canning ihm in die Opposition und attackierte Pitts Nachfolger Addington. Nach dem Tod Pitts 1806 fand er sich erneut in der Opposition wieder. Nach dem Fall der kurzlebigen Regierung aller (de) George Canning FRS (11 April 1770 – 8 August 1827) was a British Tory statesman. He held various senior cabinet positions under numerous prime ministers, including two important terms as Foreign Secretary, finally becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for the last 119 days of his life, from April to August 1827. (en) George Canning (Marylebone, Middlesex, 1770eko apirilaren 11 - , 1827ko abuztuaren 8a) britainiar politikaria izan zen, gobernuan hainbat kargu bete zituen. Besteak beste, enbaxadorea Portugalen, Ogasuneko Kantzilerra, Kanpo Arazoetarako Idazkari eta Komunen Ganberako burua izan zen. Azkenean, 1827ko martxoaren 25ean, lehen ministro izendatu zuten, eta 118 egun geroago hil zen. Katolikoen emantzipazioa eta Iberoamerikako herrialdeen independentzia babestu zituen. Danimarkako flota 1807an atxilotu zuen, Napoleonen aurkako itsas nagusitasuna ziurtatzeko. (eu) George Canning, né le 11 avril 1770 à Londres et mort le 8 août 1827 à Chiswick en Angleterre, est un homme d'État britannique. Il est Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni pour une courte durée d'avril à août 1827 et exerce à deux reprises les fonctions de ministre des Affaires étrangères, de 1807 à 1809 puis de 1822 à 1827. À la tête du Foreign Office, Canning obtient de nombreux succès diplomatiques, à commencer par la reconnaissance des ex-colonies espagnoles et portugaises en Amérique latine et le développement du commerce maritime britannique. L'historien G. M. Trevelyan écrit : (fr) George Canning, född den 11 april 1770 i London, död den 8 augusti 1827 Chiswick, Middlesex, var en brittisk statsman, far till Charles John Canning. George Cannings far, född på Irland i grevskapet Londonderry, var advokat och litteratör och dog redan på första årsdagen av sonens födelse; hans mor, , blev efter mannens död skådespelerska utan att dock röna några större framgångar och lämnade på sonens uppmaning scenen 1801. Den unge Canning uppfostrades av en farbror, bankiren Stratford Canning, gick först i Hyde Abbey School i Winchester, och kom därpå till Eton, där han gjorde sig bemärkt genom sin lysande begåvning och deltog i utgivandet av en skoltidskrift The Microcosm som tilldrog sig sådan uppmärksamhet, att en förläggare betalade 50 pund för förlagsrätten. År 1787 kom Canning til (sv) |
| rdfs:label | George Canning (en) جورج كانينغ (ar) George Canning (cs) George Canning (de) Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ (el) George Canning (eo) George Canning (es) George Canning (eu) George Canning (ga) George Canning (it) George Canning (fr) 조지 캐닝 (ko) ジョージ・カニング (ja) George Canning (nl) George Canning (pt) George Canning (pl) Каннинг, Джордж (ru) George Canning (sv) 喬治·坎寧 (zh) Джордж Каннінг (uk) |
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