Chinese sword (original) (raw)

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Historically, Chinese swords are classified into two types, the jian and the dao. A Jian is a straight, double-edged sword mainly used for stabbing, and has been commonly translated into the English language as a longsword; while a dao is a single-edged sword (mostly curved from the Song dynasty forward) mainly used for cutting, and has been translated as a saber or a "knife". Outside of Ancient China, Chinese swords were also used in Ancient Japan from the 3rd to the 6th century AD, but were replaced with native Japanese swords by the middle Heian era.

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dbo:abstract Historically, Chinese swords are classified into two types, the jian and the dao. A Jian is a straight, double-edged sword mainly used for stabbing, and has been commonly translated into the English language as a longsword; while a dao is a single-edged sword (mostly curved from the Song dynasty forward) mainly used for cutting, and has been translated as a saber or a "knife". Bronze jians appeared during the Western Zhou period, and switched to the more durable wrought iron and steel during the late Warring States period. In modern times, the ceremonial commissioned officer's sword of the Chinese navy has been patterned after the traditional jian since 2008. Besides specialty weapons like the butterfly dao, Chinese swords are usually 70–110 cm (28–43 in) in length. However, longer swords have been found on occasion. Outside of Ancient China, Chinese swords were also used in Ancient Japan from the 3rd to the 6th century AD, but were replaced with native Japanese swords by the middle Heian era. (en) Secara historis, semua pedang Tiongkok diklasifikasikan menjadi dua jenis, jian (剑 jiàn) dan dao (Hanzi: 刀; Pinyin: dāo; Wade–Giles: tao1). Jian adalah pedang lurus bermata dua sementara dao bermata tunggal (golok), dan sebagian besar melengkung dari mulai era Dinasti Song. Jian diterjemahkan sebagai pedang panjang dan dao sebagai pedang bermata tunggal atau pisau. Jian yang terbuat dari perunggu muncul pada pertengahan abad ke-3 SM, kemudian beralih ke besi tempa dan baja selama akhir Periode Negara Berperang. Selain senjata khusus seperti pedang panjang dengan pegangan polearm, pedang Tiongkok kebanyakan panjangnya sekitar 70-110 cm, meskipun pedang yang lebih panjang juga telah ditemukan. Pedang Tiongkok juga digunakan di Jepang dari abad ketiga hingga keenam, tetapi digantikan oleh pedang Korea dan pedang asli Jepang pada pertengahan era Heian. * Jian Han * Jian dan dao Han * Jian Han * Prajurit Song membawa dao * Dao Ming * Prajurit Ming membawa dao dan jian * Prajurit Ming membawa jian (in) La fabbricazione della spada vanta una storia lunghissima nell'Impero cinese: dalle spade cerimoniali di pietra (spec. giada) delle culture neolitiche cinesi, alla daghe in bronzo della Dinastia Shang, alle spade raffinatissime della florida Età del bronzo cinese, arrivando poi alle spade in ferro, diffusesi relativamente tardi in Cina (V-III secolo a.C.). Normalmente, si trattava di armi di lunghezza compresa tra i 70 ed i 100 cm ma vi furono anche esemplari più lunghi. Dalla Cina, le spade in ferro passarono in Vietnam, Corea e Giappone tra I e III secolo (fine della Dinastia Han). Nel Sol Levante, spade e fabbri sinici continuarono ad essere importati fino al VI secolo (fine del Periodo Kofun). Le spade cinesi vengono semplicisticamente divise in due categorie: * Jian (劍T, 剑S, jiànP, chienW) a lama diritta e doppia affilatura; * Dao (刀S, dāoP, taoW), monofilare, inizialmente a lama diritta tp. costoliere e poi a lama curva tp. scimitarra. Esistono comunque anche tipologie di spada "anomale": v.si nel seguito "Tipi di spade cinesi". (it) Клинковое оружие Китая известно с глубокой древности и различалось на короткие прямые мечи цзянь (劍) и изогнутые сабли дао (刀). Прототипом китайского клинкового оружия были бронзовые кинжалы эпохи Шан (II тыс. до н.э.). Также в то время были известны китайские боевые топорики гэ (戈). Позднее появился бронзовый Меч Гоуцзяня (V в. до н.э.). В эпоху Хань широко были распространены прямые железные мечи цзянь, длина которых достигала 1 метра. У императоров были мечи с нефритовой рукоятью. В эпоху Тан большее распространение получают сабли дао. Китайские сабли дао аналогичны японским клинкам тёкуто. Дао разделились на двуручные (чангдао и чжаньмадао) и одноручные (пейдао). Их длина стала достигать 114 см. В эпоху Сун появляются стальные клинки. Из Китая стальные клинки распространились в Японию. Китайское искусство фехтования саблей получило название даошу (ru)
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dbo:wikiPageExternalLink https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1470eFJFTXT.pdf https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=iiBTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 http://www.chinesesword.net/Swordplay/Swordplay1E.htm http://www.shadowofleaves.com/Chinese_Sword_History.htm https://www.academia.edu/1693935
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dbp:footer Spring and Autumn period jian, Warring States jian, Qin dynasty jians, Han dynasty jian, Ming dynasty jian, Qing dynasty jian (en)
dbp:image Eastern Zhou Bronze Jian 02.jpg (en) Han iron sword 03.jpg (en) Qin bronze swords.jpg (en) Spring & Autumn Bronze Jian .jpg (en) Sword with Scabbard MET DP119010.jpg (en) Sword with Scabbard MET DP119019.jpg (en)
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dcterms:subject dbc:17th-century_BC_establishments dbc:Chinese_swordsmanship dbc:Blade_weapons dbc:Chinese_swords
rdfs:comment Historically, Chinese swords are classified into two types, the jian and the dao. A Jian is a straight, double-edged sword mainly used for stabbing, and has been commonly translated into the English language as a longsword; while a dao is a single-edged sword (mostly curved from the Song dynasty forward) mainly used for cutting, and has been translated as a saber or a "knife". Outside of Ancient China, Chinese swords were also used in Ancient Japan from the 3rd to the 6th century AD, but were replaced with native Japanese swords by the middle Heian era. (en) Secara historis, semua pedang Tiongkok diklasifikasikan menjadi dua jenis, jian (剑 jiàn) dan dao (Hanzi: 刀; Pinyin: dāo; Wade–Giles: tao1). Jian adalah pedang lurus bermata dua sementara dao bermata tunggal (golok), dan sebagian besar melengkung dari mulai era Dinasti Song. Jian diterjemahkan sebagai pedang panjang dan dao sebagai pedang bermata tunggal atau pisau. Jian yang terbuat dari perunggu muncul pada pertengahan abad ke-3 SM, kemudian beralih ke besi tempa dan baja selama akhir Periode Negara Berperang. Selain senjata khusus seperti pedang panjang dengan pegangan polearm, pedang Tiongkok kebanyakan panjangnya sekitar 70-110 cm, meskipun pedang yang lebih panjang juga telah ditemukan. (in) La fabbricazione della spada vanta una storia lunghissima nell'Impero cinese: dalle spade cerimoniali di pietra (spec. giada) delle culture neolitiche cinesi, alla daghe in bronzo della Dinastia Shang, alle spade raffinatissime della florida Età del bronzo cinese, arrivando poi alle spade in ferro, diffusesi relativamente tardi in Cina (V-III secolo a.C.). Normalmente, si trattava di armi di lunghezza compresa tra i 70 ed i 100 cm ma vi furono anche esemplari più lunghi. Le spade cinesi vengono semplicisticamente divise in due categorie: (it) Клинковое оружие Китая известно с глубокой древности и различалось на короткие прямые мечи цзянь (劍) и изогнутые сабли дао (刀). Прототипом китайского клинкового оружия были бронзовые кинжалы эпохи Шан (II тыс. до н.э.). Также в то время были известны китайские боевые топорики гэ (戈). Позднее появился бронзовый Меч Гоуцзяня (V в. до н.э.). В эпоху Хань широко были распространены прямые железные мечи цзянь, длина которых достигала 1 метра. У императоров были мечи с нефритовой рукоятью. (ru)
rdfs:label Chinese sword (en) Pedang Tiongkok (in) Spade cinesi (it) Клинковое оружие Китая (ru)
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