Classifier constructions in sign languages (original) (raw)
In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely in that signs consist of a single morpheme. Signs are composed of three meaningless phonological features: handshape, location, and movement. Classifiers, on the other hand, consist of many morphemes. Specifically, the handshape, location, and movement are all meaningful on their own. The handshape represents an entity and the hand's movement iconically represents the movement of that entity. The relative location of multiple entities can be represented iconically in two-handed constructions.
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| dbo:abstract | In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely in that signs consist of a single morpheme. Signs are composed of three meaningless phonological features: handshape, location, and movement. Classifiers, on the other hand, consist of many morphemes. Specifically, the handshape, location, and movement are all meaningful on their own. The handshape represents an entity and the hand's movement iconically represents the movement of that entity. The relative location of multiple entities can be represented iconically in two-handed constructions. Classifiers share some limited similarities with the gestures of hearing non-signers. Those who do not know the sign language can often guess the meaning of these constructions. This is because they are often iconic (non-arbitrary). It has also been found that many unrelated sign languages use similar handshapes for specific entities. Children master these constructions around the age of 8 or 9. Two-handed classifier constructions have a figure-ground relationship. Specifically, the first classifier represents the background whereas the second one represents the entity in focus. The right hemisphere of the brain is involved in using classifiers. They may also be used creatively for story-telling and poetic purposes. coined the word "classifier" in this context in her 1975 paper on American Sign Language. Various connections have been made to classifiers in spoken languages. Linguists have since then debated on how best to analyze these constructions. Analyses differ in how much they rely on morphology to explain them. Some have questioned their linguistic status, as well as the very use of the term "classifier". Not much is known yet about their syntax or phonology. (en) Классификаторы в жестовых языках — форма руки, которая иконически передаёт некоторую характеристику объекта речи, обычно форму или размер. Наиболее распространено использование классификаторов в составе так называемых классификаторных предикатов (англ. classifier predicates), которые описывает расположение объектов в пространстве и их перемещение. Классификаторы как отдельная лексико-семантическая категория, входящие в именную группу встречаются очень редко. Например в эстонском жестовом языке классификатор следует за жестом-существительным и отмечает принадлежность соответствующего объекта определённому классу: Подобные конструкции используются почти во всех известных жестовых языках. Исключением является жестовый язык Адаморобе, деревенский жестовый язык в Гане. Выделяют две категории классификаторов в жестовых языках: * сущностные (англ. entity classifiers). Они непосредственно представляют референт, имитируя его форму или размер; * манипулятивные (англ. handling classifiers). В таких классификаторах форма руки показывает, как держит, перемещает или использует обозначаемый объект. Например, в классификатор «кружка» может быть представлен формой руки, которая словно бы держит за ручку большую кружку. (ru) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/athabaskanlangua0000unse http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/6413/8/from%20gesture%20to%20sign%20language.pdf%7Cjournal=Topics |
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| dbp:date | August 2019 (en) |
| dbp:reason | what is a noun class? (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | In sign languages, the term classifier construction (also known as classifier predicates) refers to a morphological system that can express events and states. They use handshape classifiers to represent movement, location, and shape. Classifiers differ from signs in their morphology, namely in that signs consist of a single morpheme. Signs are composed of three meaningless phonological features: handshape, location, and movement. Classifiers, on the other hand, consist of many morphemes. Specifically, the handshape, location, and movement are all meaningful on their own. The handshape represents an entity and the hand's movement iconically represents the movement of that entity. The relative location of multiple entities can be represented iconically in two-handed constructions. (en) Классификаторы в жестовых языках — форма руки, которая иконически передаёт некоторую характеристику объекта речи, обычно форму или размер. Наиболее распространено использование классификаторов в составе так называемых классификаторных предикатов (англ. classifier predicates), которые описывает расположение объектов в пространстве и их перемещение. Классификаторы как отдельная лексико-семантическая категория, входящие в именную группу встречаются очень редко. Например в эстонском жестовом языке классификатор следует за жестом-существительным и отмечает принадлежность соответствующего объекта определённому классу: (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Classifier constructions in sign languages (en) Классификаторы в жестовых языках (ru) |
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