Hittite laws (original) (raw)
Piagam Nesilim (bahasa Inggris: Code of Nesilim) adalah suatu perundangan hukum kuno dalam bahasa Het yang bertarikh 1650-1500 SM.
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| dbo:abstract | Als Hethitische Gesetze (auch hethitische Rechtssätze oder hethitische Rechtssammlung) bezeichnet man eine Reihe von hethitischen Tontafelfragmenten, die bei den deutschen Ausgrabungen in Ḫattuša (heute Boğazkale), der Hauptstadt der Hethiter in der heutigen Türkei, gefunden wurden. Sie dienen der Keilschriftrechtsforschung als nahezu einzige Quelle für das Zivil- und Strafrecht im Hethiterreich. Die Texte sind seit ihrer Übersetzung 1922 durch Heinrich Zimmern und Johannes Friedrich, die nur ein Jahr nach ihrer Publikation in keilschriftlicher Autographie durch Bedřich Hrozný erfolgte, der im selben Jahr auch eine Übersetzung ins Französische publizierte, der rechtshistorischen Forschung zugänglich. Vonseiten der Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigten sich besonders Richard Haase und Viktor Korošek mit der Erforschung dieser Rechtssammlung. (de) The Hittite laws, also known as the Code of the Nesilim, constitute an ancient legal code dating from c. 1650 – 1500 BCE. They have been preserved on a number of Hittite cuneiform tablets found at Hattusa (CTH 291-292, listing 200 laws). Copies have been found written in Old Hittite as well as in Middle and Late Hittite, indicating that they had validity throughout the duration of the Hittite Empire (ca. 1650–1100 BCE). The Hittite laws reflected the empire's social structure, sense of justice, and morality, addressing common outlawed actions such as assault, theft, murder, witchcraft, and divorce, among others. The code is particularly notable due to a number of its provisions, covering social issues that included the humane treatment of slaves. Although they were considered lesser than free men, the slaves under the code were allowed to choose whomever they wanted to marry, buy property, open businesses, and purchase their freedom. In comparison with The Code of Assura or the Code of Hammurabi, the Code of Nesilim also provided less-severe punishments for the code's violations. (en) Piagam Nesilim (bahasa Inggris: Code of Nesilim) adalah suatu perundangan hukum kuno dalam bahasa Het yang bertarikh 1650-1500 SM. (in) Les lois hittites sont un groupe de recueils de plus de 200 sentences de justice (ou articles) compilées sur plusieurs tablettes d'argile retrouvées en 1906-1907 à Hattusa, l'ancienne capitale du royaume des Hittites. La plus ancienne compilation date des alentours de 1500 av. J.-C., et les plus récentes modifications peuvent dater de 1200 av. J.-C., donc des derniers temps du royaume. (fr) 히타이트 법은 하투사에서 발견된 히타이트어 여러 설형문자 점토판에 보존되어 있었다.(200항목) 사본은 고대 히타이트어뿐만 아니라 중기와 후기 히타이트어로도 쓰여 있다. 법은 판례법으로 구성되어 있다. 그들은 조건으로 시작하며 규칙이 따른다. 예를 들면 "만약 어떤이가 남자 또는 여자 노예의 귀를 찢으면 그는 3셰켈의 은을 지불해야 한다." 법은 두 번째 사람에 대해서는 구성되어 있지 않다. 즉, "당신은 X하지 않을 것이다.". 남아 있는 히타이트 법은 내부의 논리 또는 구성이 없는 기록된 연습 점토판이라는 일반적인 관점이 문서를 작성한 히타이트인에 대해서보다도 더 현대적인 관점을 말해준다. 기원전 두 번째 천년에 근동의 산재한 기록된 히타이트의 인도 유럽언어 설형문자로 기록었으며, 이들 법들은 동시대의 셈족의 법전에서 공통적으로 보이는 사형제도에 비정상적인 혐오를 보인다. 법들은 두 점토판에 보존되어 있는데 각각 약 100문장이 들어있는데 첫 분류는 인간의 법이며 두 번째는 포도의 법 그리고 세 번째 집합도 존재하였던 것 같다. (ko) Хеттские законы — свод законов Хеттского царства, составленный в период с конца XV по вторую половину XIII веков до н. э. Свод состоит из трёх отдельных клинописных текстов на хеттском языке, созданных в разное время, при этом более ранние законы дополнялись более поздними. Глиняные таблички с хеттскими законами были обнаружены в Хуттусском архиве хеттских царей, впервые тексты законов были переведены с хеттского чехословацким лингвистом и востоковедом Бедржихом Грозным. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Piagam Nesilim (bahasa Inggris: Code of Nesilim) adalah suatu perundangan hukum kuno dalam bahasa Het yang bertarikh 1650-1500 SM. (in) Les lois hittites sont un groupe de recueils de plus de 200 sentences de justice (ou articles) compilées sur plusieurs tablettes d'argile retrouvées en 1906-1907 à Hattusa, l'ancienne capitale du royaume des Hittites. La plus ancienne compilation date des alentours de 1500 av. J.-C., et les plus récentes modifications peuvent dater de 1200 av. J.-C., donc des derniers temps du royaume. (fr) 히타이트 법은 하투사에서 발견된 히타이트어 여러 설형문자 점토판에 보존되어 있었다.(200항목) 사본은 고대 히타이트어뿐만 아니라 중기와 후기 히타이트어로도 쓰여 있다. 법은 판례법으로 구성되어 있다. 그들은 조건으로 시작하며 규칙이 따른다. 예를 들면 "만약 어떤이가 남자 또는 여자 노예의 귀를 찢으면 그는 3셰켈의 은을 지불해야 한다." 법은 두 번째 사람에 대해서는 구성되어 있지 않다. 즉, "당신은 X하지 않을 것이다.". 남아 있는 히타이트 법은 내부의 논리 또는 구성이 없는 기록된 연습 점토판이라는 일반적인 관점이 문서를 작성한 히타이트인에 대해서보다도 더 현대적인 관점을 말해준다. 기원전 두 번째 천년에 근동의 산재한 기록된 히타이트의 인도 유럽언어 설형문자로 기록었으며, 이들 법들은 동시대의 셈족의 법전에서 공통적으로 보이는 사형제도에 비정상적인 혐오를 보인다. 법들은 두 점토판에 보존되어 있는데 각각 약 100문장이 들어있는데 첫 분류는 인간의 법이며 두 번째는 포도의 법 그리고 세 번째 집합도 존재하였던 것 같다. (ko) Хеттские законы — свод законов Хеттского царства, составленный в период с конца XV по вторую половину XIII веков до н. э. Свод состоит из трёх отдельных клинописных текстов на хеттском языке, созданных в разное время, при этом более ранние законы дополнялись более поздними. Глиняные таблички с хеттскими законами были обнаружены в Хуттусском архиве хеттских царей, впервые тексты законов были переведены с хеттского чехословацким лингвистом и востоковедом Бедржихом Грозным. (ru) Als Hethitische Gesetze (auch hethitische Rechtssätze oder hethitische Rechtssammlung) bezeichnet man eine Reihe von hethitischen Tontafelfragmenten, die bei den deutschen Ausgrabungen in Ḫattuša (heute Boğazkale), der Hauptstadt der Hethiter in der heutigen Türkei, gefunden wurden. Sie dienen der Keilschriftrechtsforschung als nahezu einzige Quelle für das Zivil- und Strafrecht im Hethiterreich. Die Texte sind seit ihrer Übersetzung 1922 durch Heinrich Zimmern und Johannes Friedrich, die nur ein Jahr nach ihrer Publikation in keilschriftlicher Autographie durch Bedřich Hrozný erfolgte, der im selben Jahr auch eine Übersetzung ins Französische publizierte, der rechtshistorischen Forschung zugänglich. Vonseiten der Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigten sich besonders Richard Haase und Viktor Kor (de) The Hittite laws, also known as the Code of the Nesilim, constitute an ancient legal code dating from c. 1650 – 1500 BCE. They have been preserved on a number of Hittite cuneiform tablets found at Hattusa (CTH 291-292, listing 200 laws). Copies have been found written in Old Hittite as well as in Middle and Late Hittite, indicating that they had validity throughout the duration of the Hittite Empire (ca. 1650–1100 BCE). (en) |
| rdfs:label | Hethitische Gesetze (de) Piagam Nesilim (in) Hittite laws (en) Lois hittites (fr) 히타이트 법 (ko) Хеттские законы (ru) |
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