| dbo:abstract |
بدأ التاريخ البشري لأستراليا الغربية منذ 40 إلى 60 ألف سنة، مع وصول سكان أستراليا الأصليين إلى الساحل الشمالي الغربي؛ وتوسع سكان أستراليا الأصليون لاحقًا عبر شرق القارة وجنوبها. كان أول اتصال أوروبي مسجل في عام 1616، عندما رسا المستكشف الهولندي ديرك هارتوج على الساحل الغربي لأستراليا، بعد انحرافه عن مساره أثناء توجهه إلى باتافيا، التي تسمى حاليًا جاكرتا. وعلى الرغم من وصول العديد من الرحلات الاستكشافية إلى الساحل خلال الـ 200 عام التي تلت أول اتصال أوروبي، لم تكن هناك أي محاولة لإنشاء مستوطنة دائمة حتى ديسمبر 1826، مع رسو إحدى البعثات التي نابت عن حكومة نيوساوث ويلز الاستعمارية، بقيادة الرائد إدموند لوكير، في منطقة الملك جورج الشاطئية. استولى لوكير رسميًا على الثلث الغربي من قارة أستراليا لصالح التاج البريطاني في 21 يناير 1827، وتبع ذلك إنشاء مستعمرة سوان ريفر في عام 1829، بما في ذلك موقع العاصمة الحالية بيرث. أدت الظروف القاسية التي واجهها المستوطنون إلى انخفاض النمو السكاني إلى الحد الأدنى حتى اكتشاف الذهب في ثمانينيات القرن التاسع عشر. ومنذ حمى الذهب، ارتفع عدد سكان الولاية بشكل مطرد، ليصل إلى ذروته في الفترة التي تلت الحرب العالمية الثانية. اكتسبت أستراليا الغربية حق الحكم الذاتي في عام 1890، وانضمت إلى الولايات الخمس الأخرى لتشكيل كومنولث أستراليا في عام 1901. وبلغت رغبة سكان أستراليا الغربية في العودة إلى الحكم الذاتي الكامل، المنفصل عن الكومنولث، ذروتها في عام 1933 بعد تأييد 68% من السكان لاستفتاء الانفصال. رفض البرلمان البريطاني التصرف في عام 1935، لأن الانفصال تطلب حينها موافقة البرلمان الأسترالي، وانهارت الحركة مع تحسن الاقتصاد والحصول على المنح الفيدرالية السخية. (ar) The human history of Western Australia commenced between 40,000 and 60,000 years ago with the arrival of Aboriginal Australians on the northwest coast. The first inhabitants expanded across the east and south of the continent. The first recorded European contact was in 1616, when Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog landed on the west coast, having been blown off course while en route to Batavia, nowadays called Jakarta. Although many expeditions visited the coast during the next 200 years, there was no lasting attempt at establishment of a permanent settlement until December 1826 when an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government, led by Major Edmund Lockyer, landed at King George Sound, and became the port city of Albany. On 21 January 1827 Lockyer formally took possession for the British Crown of the portion of New Holland not yet claimed by the British Crown; that is, the portion west of 129th meridian east. This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, which ultimately became the present-day capital, Perth. The harsh conditions faced by the settlers resulted in population growth being minimal until the discovery of gold in the 1880s. Since the gold rush, the population of the state has risen steadily, with substantial growth in the period since World War II. Western Australia gained the right of self-government in 1890, and joined with the five other states to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The desire of Western Australians to revert to complete self-governance, separate from the Commonwealth, culminated in 1933 with a successful referendum for secession supported by 68% of electors. In 1935 the British parliament declined to act since secession would require the assent of the Australian parliament, and the movement lapsed with an improving economy and generous federal grants. (en) Cet article décrit l'histoire de l'État australien d'Australie-Occidentale. Peuplée probablement pendant plus de 40 000 ans par les seuls Aborigènes, le premier Européen à explorer l'Australie-Occidentale est le Néerlandais Dirk Hartog en 1616. Les origines de l'État commencent par l'établissement d'une colonie anglaise à King George Sound en 1826. L'Australie-Occidentale obtient le droit de former son gouvernement en 1889 avec un parlement bicaméral basé à Perth. Avec la fédération des colonies australiennes en 1901, l'Australie-Occidentale devient un État au sein de la structure fédérale d'Australie. (fr) Geschiedenis van West-Australië beschrijft het ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van de Australische staat West-Australië. (nl) |
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https://web.archive.org/web/20050624042432/http:/dirkhartogisland.com/history.htm https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/files/1034113/3594_PID3594.pdf http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/html/exh01.htm http://www.uwa.edu.au/visitors/about/history https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.225152 https://books.google.com/books%3Fhl=en&lr=lang_en&id=nxZXAAAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA10&dq=Western+australia+history&ots=zgS9Zfqrwy&sig=VRcDpHrDVQzaETBxn7slxDDv2pU https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20090317054300/http:/pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/cyclone1.html https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5401/healthhist.14.1.0100 http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/lcj/wayward/ch16.html http://www.cwah.uwa.edu.au/ |
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Cet article décrit l'histoire de l'État australien d'Australie-Occidentale. Peuplée probablement pendant plus de 40 000 ans par les seuls Aborigènes, le premier Européen à explorer l'Australie-Occidentale est le Néerlandais Dirk Hartog en 1616. Les origines de l'État commencent par l'établissement d'une colonie anglaise à King George Sound en 1826. L'Australie-Occidentale obtient le droit de former son gouvernement en 1889 avec un parlement bicaméral basé à Perth. Avec la fédération des colonies australiennes en 1901, l'Australie-Occidentale devient un État au sein de la structure fédérale d'Australie. (fr) Geschiedenis van West-Australië beschrijft het ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van de Australische staat West-Australië. (nl) بدأ التاريخ البشري لأستراليا الغربية منذ 40 إلى 60 ألف سنة، مع وصول سكان أستراليا الأصليين إلى الساحل الشمالي الغربي؛ وتوسع سكان أستراليا الأصليون لاحقًا عبر شرق القارة وجنوبها. كان أول اتصال أوروبي مسجل في عام 1616، عندما رسا المستكشف الهولندي ديرك هارتوج على الساحل الغربي لأستراليا، بعد انحرافه عن مساره أثناء توجهه إلى باتافيا، التي تسمى حاليًا جاكرتا. (ar) The human history of Western Australia commenced between 40,000 and 60,000 years ago with the arrival of Aboriginal Australians on the northwest coast. The first inhabitants expanded across the east and south of the continent. The first recorded European contact was in 1616, when Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog landed on the west coast, having been blown off course while en route to Batavia, nowadays called Jakarta. (en) |
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History of Western Australia (en) تاريخ أستراليا الغربية (ar) Histoire de l'Australie-Occidentale (fr) Geschiedenis van West-Australië (nl) |
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