David Reubeni (original) (raw)
David Reuveni (auch Reubeni, hebräisch: דוד הראובני; geboren um 1485 möglicherweise in Chaibar; gestorben um 1538 wahrscheinlich in Llerena) war ein jüdischer Messiasprätendent.
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| dbo:abstract | Ο Νταβίντ Ρεουμπένι (1490 – 1535/1541;) ήταν Εβραίος πολιτικός ακτιβιστής, που περιγράφεται από την Εβραϊκή Εγκυκλοπαίδεια του Σένγκολντ ως «μισό μυστικιστής, μισός τυχοδιώκτης». Παρόλο που ορισμένοι μελετητές είναι απρόθυμοι να πιστέψουν τους ισχυρισμούς του για την αριστοκρατία του, επικαλούμενοι υποψίες απάτης πίσω από τέτοιες αξιώσεις, παρά τις αδιάκοπες προσπάθειες του Ρεουμπένι να κάνει συμμαχία μεταξύ Χριστιανών και Εβραίων εναντίον των μουσουλμάνων με τη μεσολάβηση του νεαρού βασιλιά, Ιωάννη Γ΄ της Πορτογαλίας, τον Νοέμβριο του 1525, ωστόσο, του δόθηκε ακροατήριο με τον βασιλιά, συνοδευόμενο από μια επιστολή σύστασης του Πάπα Κλήμη του Ζ΄, και πάντα επέμενε ότι ήταν γιος ενός αποθανόντος μονάρχη (Βασιλιάς Σουλεϊμάν του Αβώρ), και ότι ήταν ο Υπουργός του Υπουργείου Πολέμου αυτού του βασιλείου, που διέπεται τώρα από τον μεγαλύτερο αδερφό του, Βασιλιά Ιωσήφ του Αβώρ. Σύμφωνα με την ιστορία του Ρεουμπένι, αυτό το βασίλειο είχε 300.000 "Ισραηλινούς" υπηκόους. Ο βασιλιάς της Πορτογαλίας, εντυπωσιασμένος από την ιδέα, και ενώ είχε αρχικά συμφωνήσει να προμηθεύσει τον Ρεουμπένι με πορτογαλικά όπλα, μετά από πέντε μήνες ο Ρεουμπένι έπεσε σε δυσμένεια από τον βασιλιά της Πορτογαλίας, ο οποίος ίσως δυσπίστησε στα κίνητρά του, και του ζητήθηκε από τον βασιλιά να φύγει από το βασίλειό του. (el) David Reuveni (auch Reubeni, hebräisch: דוד הראובני; geboren um 1485 möglicherweise in Chaibar; gestorben um 1538 wahrscheinlich in Llerena) war ein jüdischer Messiasprätendent. (de) David Reubeni (1490–1535/1541?) was a Jewish political activist, described by the Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia as "half-mystic, half-adventurer." Although some scholars are reluctant to believe his claims to nobility, citing suspicions of fraud behind such claims (in spite of Reubeni's unrelenting efforts to make an alliance between Christians and Jews against Muslims by the intermediation of the young king, John (João) of Portugal), in November of 1525 he was nevertheless given an audience with the king, accompanied with a letter of recommendation from Pope Clement VII, and had always insisted that he was the son of a deceased monarch (King Suleiman of ), and that he was the Minister of that kingdom's War Department, now governed by his elder brother, King Joseph of Ḥabor. According to Reubeni's own story this kingdom had 300,000 "Israelite" subjects. The king of Portugal, impressed by the idea, had initially agreed to supply Reubeni with Portuguese arms, but after five months, Reubeni fell into ill-repute with the king of Portugal, who perhaps distrusted his motives, and was asked by the king to leave his kingdom. (en) David Reubeni (Khaybar, 1490 – Llerena, 1541) è stato un attivista e religioso arabo di religione ebraica. (it) David Reuveni ( na Arábia central, 1490 - Llerena, 1538) foi um judeu do século XVI que alguns tomaram por Messias. Em 1524, Reuveni desembarcou em Veneza, afirmando ser o embaixador e irmão do Rei José de Khaibar, uma cidade e antigo distrito da Arábia, "no deserto de Habor", onde os descendentes das "tribos perdidas" de Rubem e Gad supostamente viviam. Graças à intervenção representantes da comunidade judaica, como o Rabino , o médico e sobretudo de Benvénida, a mulher de Samuel Abravanel, filho de Don Isaac, Reuveni conseguiu uma audiência com o Papa. Pediu ao Papa Clemente VII e a potências europeias que lhes fornecessem canhões e armas de fogo para a guerra com os muçulmanos que, disse, impediam a união dos judeus que viviam nos dois lados do Mar Vermelho. O objectivo: a dominação da Arábia e a recuperação de Constantinopla. O papa dá-lhe cartas de recomendação aos Reis de Portugal e da Abissínia. Eles deveriam estabelecer contactos com esse reino Judeu de Habor. Em 1525 (a convite do rei D. João III), rumou a Lisboa, acompanhado de escolta e sob uma bandeira com um emblema das Doze tribos de Israel. Foi bem recebido pelo rei português, que lhe deu a promessa de ajuda e a pausa temporária na perseguição aos Marranos, o que fez crer aos judeus portugueses e espanhóis que Reuveni era um precursor do Messias. Selaya, inquiridor de Badajoz, queixou-se ao Rei de Portugal que um judeu vindo do Oriente (referindo-se a Reuveni) tinha suscitado aos Marranos espanhóis a esperança de que o Messias chegaria e iria liderar Israel de todas as suas terras de volta à Palestina, e que tinha mesmo encorajado a actos públicos (ver Grätz, l.c. ix. 532). Um espírito de expectativa cresceu durante a estadia de Reuveni em Portugal. Reuveni negou expressamente ser um Messias ou um profeta (ver Fuenn, "Keneset Yisrael," p. 256), dizendo que era apenas um guerreiro. Porém, uma mulher marrana da região de Herara, em Puebla de Alcocer declarou ser uma profetisa, teve visões, e prometeu liderar os seus correligionários para a Terra Santa. Foi queimada viva, juntamente com quem acreditava nela.Houve portugueses cristãos-novos, que pretenderam entrar para o "exército" de Reuveni. D. João III viu nesta exaltação um perigo político e Reuveni julgou mais prudente fugir de Portugal, atravessando a Espanha e França de regresso à Itália. Em 1525, um secretário do rei D. João III, de nome , inspirado pela visita de Reuveni, decide abandonar o seu posto governamental. Ele inicia-se no Judaísmo, fez a circuncisão a si próprio, e adotou um novo nome, (Shlomo Molkho) e fugiu de Portugal. Dirigiu-se ao Império Otomano, tendo chegado a Salónica em 1529. Mais tarde, em Itália, David Reuveni e Salomão Molko voltam a encontrar-se, e decidiram iniciar uma nova missão perante o poderoso imperador Carlos V. Foram ter com o Imperador em Ratisbona, mas ao chegar foram detidos e presos. Salomão Molko foi condenado à morte pela fogueira. Desconhece-se se David Reuveni terá morrido na fogueira ou na prisão. (pt) Давид Реуве́ни (также Реубени; ивр. דוד הראוּבֵנִי, букв. «Давид сын Реувена») (1480-е гг. — 1538, Льерена, Испания) — прославившийся авантюрист; человек неясного происхождения, провозгласивший себя мессией. Он пришёл в Египет и Палестину в сопровождении мусульман, представляясь как паломник и потомок пророка Магомета, вступил в контакт с еврейскими общинами, потом направился в Европу и представлялся послом к римскому Папе от независимого еврейского царства десяти колен в Хайбаре (Аравии), в состав которого входят колена Рувимово, Гадово и полколена Менаше, над коими владычествует его брат, царь Иосиф бен-Соломон. Имел поразительную внешность — смуглый карлик в восточном костюме; его мессианские предсказания привлекали к нему последователей. (ru) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Khaybar |
| dbo:birthYear | 1490-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:deathYear | 1541-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp%3Fletter=R&artid=243%7Carticle=Reubeni, https://web.archive.org/web/20080820075048/http:/israelendtimes.com/blog/2007/12/02/david-reubeni-hero-and-paradigm-of-israel%e2%80%99s-striving.htm |
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| dbp:birthDate | ca. 1490 (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | dbr:Khaybar |
| dbp:deathDate | ca. 1541 (en) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Spain or Portugal (en) |
| dbp:name | David Reubeni (en) |
| dbp:nationality | Unknown (en) |
| dbp:occupation | religious prophet (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | David Reuveni (auch Reubeni, hebräisch: דוד הראובני; geboren um 1485 möglicherweise in Chaibar; gestorben um 1538 wahrscheinlich in Llerena) war ein jüdischer Messiasprätendent. (de) David Reubeni (Khaybar, 1490 – Llerena, 1541) è stato un attivista e religioso arabo di religione ebraica. (it) Давид Реуве́ни (также Реубени; ивр. דוד הראוּבֵנִי, букв. «Давид сын Реувена») (1480-е гг. — 1538, Льерена, Испания) — прославившийся авантюрист; человек неясного происхождения, провозгласивший себя мессией. Он пришёл в Египет и Палестину в сопровождении мусульман, представляясь как паломник и потомок пророка Магомета, вступил в контакт с еврейскими общинами, потом направился в Европу и представлялся послом к римскому Папе от независимого еврейского царства десяти колен в Хайбаре (Аравии), в состав которого входят колена Рувимово, Гадово и полколена Менаше, над коими владычествует его брат, царь Иосиф бен-Соломон. Имел поразительную внешность — смуглый карлик в восточном костюме; его мессианские предсказания привлекали к нему последователей. (ru) Ο Νταβίντ Ρεουμπένι (1490 – 1535/1541;) ήταν Εβραίος πολιτικός ακτιβιστής, που περιγράφεται από την Εβραϊκή Εγκυκλοπαίδεια του Σένγκολντ ως «μισό μυστικιστής, μισός τυχοδιώκτης». Παρόλο που ορισμένοι μελετητές είναι απρόθυμοι να πιστέψουν τους ισχυρισμούς του για την αριστοκρατία του, επικαλούμενοι υποψίες απάτης πίσω από τέτοιες αξιώσεις, παρά τις αδιάκοπες προσπάθειες του Ρεουμπένι να κάνει συμμαχία μεταξύ Χριστιανών και Εβραίων εναντίον των μουσουλμάνων με τη μεσολάβηση του νεαρού βασιλιά, Ιωάννη Γ΄ της Πορτογαλίας, τον Νοέμβριο του 1525, ωστόσο, του δόθηκε ακροατήριο με τον βασιλιά, συνοδευόμενο από μια επιστολή σύστασης του Πάπα Κλήμη του Ζ΄, και πάντα επέμενε ότι ήταν γιος ενός αποθανόντος μονάρχη (Βασιλιάς Σουλεϊμάν του Αβώρ), και ότι ήταν ο Υπουργός του Υπουργείου Πολέμου αυτού του (el) David Reubeni (1490–1535/1541?) was a Jewish political activist, described by the Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia as "half-mystic, half-adventurer." Although some scholars are reluctant to believe his claims to nobility, citing suspicions of fraud behind such claims (in spite of Reubeni's unrelenting efforts to make an alliance between Christians and Jews against Muslims by the intermediation of the young king, John (João) of Portugal), in November of 1525 he was nevertheless given an audience with the king, accompanied with a letter of recommendation from Pope Clement VII, and had always insisted that he was the son of a deceased monarch (King Suleiman of ), and that he was the Minister of that kingdom's War Department, now governed by his elder brother, King Joseph of Ḥabor. According to Re (en) David Reuveni ( na Arábia central, 1490 - Llerena, 1538) foi um judeu do século XVI que alguns tomaram por Messias. Em 1524, Reuveni desembarcou em Veneza, afirmando ser o embaixador e irmão do Rei José de Khaibar, uma cidade e antigo distrito da Arábia, "no deserto de Habor", onde os descendentes das "tribos perdidas" de Rubem e Gad supostamente viviam. Graças à intervenção representantes da comunidade judaica, como o Rabino , o médico e sobretudo de Benvénida, a mulher de Samuel Abravanel, filho de Don Isaac, Reuveni conseguiu uma audiência com o Papa. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | David Reubeni (en) David Reuveni (de) Νταβίντ Ρεουμπένι (el) David Reubeni (it) David Reuveni (pt) Давид Реувени (ru) |
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