Economy of Europe (original) (raw)
Europas ekonomi omfattar över 710 miljoner människor i 48 stater. Generellt är de västeuropeiska staterna rikare än de östeuropeiska, men även de fattigaste staterna i Europa skulle vara relativt rika på vilken annan kontinent som helst. Europas största ekonomi, räknat i både BNP och köpkraft, är Tyskland. Om Europeiska unionen hade varit ett land skulle det vara världens största ekonomi.[källa behövs]
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| dbo:abstract | اقتصاد أوروبا يشمل إنتاج أوروبا من السلع المصنعة السيارات والآلات والفولاذ. وتتخذ صناعة الخدمات كالصناعة المصرفية والرعاية الصحية أهمية متزايدة. تنتج أراضي أوروبا الزراعية الشاسعة ذات التربة الخصبة كميات كبيرة من القمح والمحصولات الزراعية الأخرى. تنضوي معظم النشاطات الاقتصادية في غربي أوروبا، تحت نظام الملكية الخاصة بعيدًا عن سيطرة الدولة، إلا أن الحكومة تقوم بإدارة بعض المشروعات، التي تنتج السلع الضرورية، والتي تقدم الخدمات الضرورية. تشمل هذه المشروعات السكك الحديدية، وفي بعض الحالات صناعة السيارات. بدأت بعض الحكومات في الثمانينيات من القرن العشرين في بيع مثل هذه المشروعات للقطاع الخاص. ظل اقتصاد الدول الأوروبية الشرقية يتخذ لسنين عدة من المبادئ الشيوعية قاعدة له. وتحت ظل النظام الشيوعي سيطرت الدولة سيطرة كاملة على الأرض وعناصر الإنتاج وتوزيع السلع والخدمات. بدأت حكومات شرق أوروبا في أواخر الثمانينيات من القرن العشرين في اتخاذ الخطوات اللازمة نحو زيادة الملكية الخاصة للنشاطات الاقتصادية في بلادها. يوجد تبادل تجاري واسع النطاق بين الدول الأوروبية. ولقد عملت المنظمات التجارية الدولية العديدة على تنمية التجارة. تشمل المنظمات التجارية في أوروبا الاتحاد الأوروبي واتحاد التجارة الحرة الأوروبية.أكبر الاقتصادات الوطنية في أوروبا مع الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (الاسمي) أكثر من تريليون دولار هي: * ألمانيا (حوالي 3.9 تريليون دولار)، * المملكة المتحدة (حوالي 2.7 تريليون دولار)، * فرنسا (حوالي 2.7 تريليون دولار)، * إيطاليا (حوالي 2.0 تريليون دولار)، * روسيا (حوالي 1.6 تريليون دولار)، * إسبانيا (حوالي 1.4 تريليون دولار)، الاقتصادات الأوروبية الكبرى الأخرى هي هولندا وسويسرا وبولندا والسويد وبلجيكا والنمسا والنرويج وأيرلندا والدنمارك. ينتج الاتحاد الأوروبي (حوالي 16 تريليون دولار من إجمالي الناتج المحلي) حوالي ثلثي الناتج المحلي الإجمالي لأوروبا. يعد الاتحاد الأوروبي مجتمعا ثاني أغنى وثاني أكبر اقتصاد في العالم، بعد الولايات المتحدة بنحو 5 تريليون دولار. من بين أكبر 500 شركة تقاس بالإيرادات (Fortune Global 500 في عام 2010)، يوجد 184 شركة مقرها الرئيسي في أوروبا. يوجد 161 في الاتحاد الأوروبي، 15 في سويسرا، 6 في روسيا، 1 في تركيا، 1 في النرويج. كما أشار عالم الاجتماع الإسباني مانويل كاستلس في عام 2010، فإن متوسط مستوى المعيشة في أوروبا الغربية مرتفع للغاية: «لا يزال الجزء الأكبر من السكان في أوروبا الغربية يتمتعون بأعلى مستويات المعيشة في العالم وفي التاريخ». (ar) Η οικονομία της Ευρώπης περιλαμβάνει περισσότερους από 744 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπους σε 50 διαφορετικές χώρες. Η σύσταση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και το 1999 η καθιέρωση ενός ενιαίου νομίσματος, του ευρώ, φέρνει τις συμμετέχουσες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες πιο κοντά στην ευκολία ενός κοινού νομίσματος και οδήγησε σε μια ισχυρότερη ευρωπαϊκή ταμειακή ροή. Η διαφορά του πλούτου σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη μπορεί να φανεί σε μεγάλο βαθμό στον διαχωρισμό στον ψυχρό πόλεμο, με ορισμένες χώρες να παραβιάζουν το χάσμα (Ελλάδα, Πολωνία, Ρουμανία, Σλοβενία και Τσεχία). Ενώ τα περισσότερα ευρωπαϊκά κράτη έχουν ένα υψηλότερο κατά κεφαλή ΑΕΠ από τον μέσο όρο του κόσμου και πολλή ανάπτυξη (Λίχτενσταϊν, Λουξεμβούργο, Μονακό, Ανδόρρα, Νορβηγία, Σουηδία, Ολλανδία, Ελβετία, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), μερικές ευρωπαϊκές οικονομίες, παρά τη θέση τους σχετικά με τον μέσο όρο του κόσμου στον δείκτη ανθρώπινης ανάπτυξης, είναι φτωχότερες. Σε ολόκληρο το άρθρο αυτό, η λέξη Ευρώπη και τα παράγωγα της λέξης συμπεριλαμβάνουν επιλεγμένα κράτη των οποίων η επικράτεια είναι μόνο εν μέρει στην Ευρώπη – όπως το Τουρκία (ανάλογα με τον ορισμό - ολόκληρη ή απλώς η Θράκη), το Αζερμπαϊτζάν (Καύκασος) και η Ρωσία (το ευρωπαϊκό μέρος της στα βουνά της Ουράλ) - και τα εδάφη που είναι γεωγραφικά στην Ασία, συνορεύουν με την Ευρώπη και είναι πολιτιστικά προσκολλημένα στην ήπειρο - όπως η Αρμενία, η Γεωργία και η Κύπρος. (el) The economy of Europe comprises about 748 million people in 50 countries. The formation of the European Union (EU) and in 1999 the introduction of a unified currency, the Euro, brought participating European countries closer through the convenience of a shared currency and has led to a stronger European cash flow. It is important to note that the European Union is not a country, rather a unique global organisation, as an entity forming one of the largest economies in the world. The European Union also “regulates” the global market by the Single Market. The difference in wealth across Europe can be seen roughly in former Cold War divide, with some countries breaching the divide (Greece, Portugal, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). Whilst most European states have a GDP per capita higher than the world's average and are very highly developed, some European economies, despite their position over the world's average in the Human Development Index, are poorer. Europe has total banking assets of more than 50trillionanditsGlobalassetsundermanagementhasmorethan50 trillion and its Global assets under management has more than 50trillionanditsGlobalassetsundermanagementhasmorethan20 trillion. Throughout this article "Europe" and derivatives of the word are taken to include selected states whose territory is only partly in Europe, such as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Georgia, and states that are geographically in Asia, bordering Europe and culturally adherent to the continent, such as Armenia and Cyprus. Europe's largest national economies with GDP (nominal) of more than €1 trillion are: * Germany (€4.2 trillion), * United Kingdom (€3.3 trillion), * France (€2.9 trillion), * Italy (€2.0 trillion), * Russia (€1.8 trillion), * Spain (€1.4 trillion), * Netherlands (€1.0 trillion) Other large European economies with GDP (nominal) of more than €500 billion are: Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden and Belgium. The European Union, with a GDP of around €14.5 trillion, generates roughly 3/4 of Europe's GDP. The EU as a whole is the third largest economy in the world, below the United States and China. Of the top 500 largest corporations measured by revenue (Fortune Global 500 in 2010), 184 have their headquarters in Europe. 161 are located in the EU, 15 in Switzerland, 6 in Russia, 1 in Turkey, 1 in Norway. As noted in 2010 by the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells, the average standard of living in Western Europe is very high: "The bulk of the population in Western Europe still enjoys the highest living standards in the world, and in the world's history." (en) Si l’Europe est l'une des régions les plus riches et développées du monde, elle n'est pas un espace économiquement homogène : tous les pays européens ne sont pas des pays développés : l'Ukraine et la Moldavie font exception et sont classés comme pays à développement moyen avec un IDH inférieur à 0,8. L’Europe de l'Ouest et l'Europe du Nord très prospères contrastent avec certaines régions moins riches d'Europe centrale, d'Europe de l'Est (Moldavie, Ukraine, certaines régions de Roumanie, Russie) et d'Europe du Sud (Albanie, Serbie, Macédoine, certaines régions de Bulgarie, Italie du Sud, certaines régions d'Espagne, de Grèce et du Portugal). La mégalopole européenne constitue le cœur économique de l'Europe. On peut ainsi distinguer principalement les pays de l'ancien bloc de l'Ouest, développés et avec une croissance faible et les pays de l'ancien bloc de l'est moins développés mais à plus forte croissance. L’Union européenne, principal ensemble de la région, est la deuxième puissance économique du monde. Tous ses pays membres commercent entre eux librement grâce au Marché commun, et dix huit de ses pays ont accentué leur collaboration au sein de la zone euro. Des accords de libre-échange ont également été passés avec des pays partenaires, comme la Suisse. (fr) L'economia d'Europa, comprende più di 743 milioni di persone in 50 diversi Stati. Come altri continenti, la ricchezza degli stati in Europa varia, anche se gli stati più poveri sono ben al di sopra dei più poveri stati di altri continenti in termini di PIL e livelli di vita. La differenza di ricchezza in Europa può essere vista grossomodo durante la guerra fredda, dove si può notare il divario tra paesi come: Portogallo, Slovenia e Repubblica Ceca. Mentre gran parte degli Stati europei hanno un PIL pro capite superiore alla media del mondo e sono molto sviluppate (Liechtenstein, Lussemburgo, Principato di Monaco, Norvegia, Svezia, Paesi Bassi, Svizzera), alcune economie europee, nonostante la loro posizione superiore alla media mondiale (tranne per la Moldavia) hanno un Indice di sviluppo Umano (Armenia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Ucraina, Azerbaigian, Georgia, Bosnia-Erzegovina, Albania) al di sotto dei paesi europei più ricchi. (it) Durante séculos a Europa foi um dos maiores centros econômicos do planeta. Entre as causas, podemos citar como a principal sua condição geográfica. A localização entre a África e a Ásia, fez da região europeia um ponto de passagem obrigatório, e facilitou de forma substancial a absorção e irradiação dos conhecimentos, tecnologia e comércio de ambos continentes.Esta condição perdurou até ao século XX. No século XX, a Europa viu seu predomínio declinar em relação aos Estados Unidos, o Japão e, na fase final, a República Popular da China. A Primeira e Segunda guerra mundial, travadas em seu território, a carência de energia, de petróleo, além de uma intensa rivalidade entre seus povos, representaram para o continente a perda de sua liderança econômica, repercutindo em diferentes graus no estrangeiro. A Europa não tem auto-suficiência na produção de energia, exigindo a importação de muito petróleo. Este produto só é extraído em quantidades consideráveis na Rússia e no Mar do Norte. O gás natural, outro produto bastante usado na geração e produção de energia é muito abundante na Rússia, Romênia, Países Baixos e no Reino Unido. Outro recurso energético que teve grande importância nas fases iniciais da revolução industrial foi o carvão mineral, muito abundante, sobretudo na Alemanha, Polônia, Rússia, Reino Unido. Todas estas fontes energéticas são extremamente poluidoras e causam grandes impactos ambientais em todo o planeta. No caso da energia limpa, ou seja, não poluidora, podem ser citadas a energia hidráulica, energia eólica, e energia solar, de baixa produção e utilização da Europa, devido às suas condições geográficas. A produção de energia nuclear na Europa é muito importante, e, a exemplo dos Estados Unidos, gera imensas quantidades de lixo atômico, cujo fim, desde o início de sua utilização, é muito nebuloso e nunca divulgado na mídia mundial. O comércio na Europa, ainda apresenta uma certa polarização. Na região ocidental o movimento de capital e transações comerciais ocupam lugares proeminentes nas trocas internacionais. Os principais parceiros da região são os Estados Unidos, o Canadá, o Japão e os países do Oriente Médio. No caso da Europa oriental, o volume de transações comerciais é bem menor, isto ocorre devido aos traumas ainda da divisão do continente em dois blocos, ocidental e oriental, e ao resultado dos múltiplos embargos e manipulações de mercados ocorridas durante a Guerra Fria. (pt) Europas ekonomi omfattar över 710 miljoner människor i 48 stater. Generellt är de västeuropeiska staterna rikare än de östeuropeiska, men även de fattigaste staterna i Europa skulle vara relativt rika på vilken annan kontinent som helst. Europas största ekonomi, räknat i både BNP och köpkraft, är Tyskland. Om Europeiska unionen hade varit ett land skulle det vara världens största ekonomi.[källa behövs] (sv) 歐洲有超過八億五千萬人和將近50個不同國家。和其他大洲一樣，歐洲各國的財富分佈有十分大的分別，但歐洲最窮的國家比其它各洲平均水平要高，財富的差別在歐洲可以粗略看到東西歐的鴻溝。雖然西歐所有國家都有很高的國內生產總值和生活水平，但是許多東歐國家的經濟是從崩潰了的共產主義國家發展來的(蘇聯和南斯拉夫)。 歐洲是第一個工業化的大陸，工業化起源於18世紀的英國。時至今日，歐洲已成為世界上最富有的大洲。歐洲最大的經濟體是德國，德國是世界第四大經濟體（按GDP計算）、世界第三大商品出口國和第三大商品進口國；其次是法國，在全球排名中國內生產總值排第五，購買力平價排名第六；而英國在全球GDP排名中排名第六。自從二次世界大戰後，歐洲國家之間有越來越多的接觸，最終令歐洲在1999年推出統一貨幣歐元。如果把歐盟作為一個國家計算，歐盟是世界最大的經濟體係。歐洲是世界上最富有的地區，其資產大約為三十五萬億美元超過了北美洲的三十萬億美元。 (zh) |
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| dbp:caption | Paris metropolitan area has largest gross metropolitan product in the EU (en) |
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| dbp:gdp | (en) 2.4E13 3.36E13 |
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| rdfs:comment | Europas ekonomi omfattar över 710 miljoner människor i 48 stater. Generellt är de västeuropeiska staterna rikare än de östeuropeiska, men även de fattigaste staterna i Europa skulle vara relativt rika på vilken annan kontinent som helst. Europas största ekonomi, räknat i både BNP och köpkraft, är Tyskland. Om Europeiska unionen hade varit ett land skulle det vara världens största ekonomi.[källa behövs] (sv) 歐洲有超過八億五千萬人和將近50個不同國家。和其他大洲一樣，歐洲各國的財富分佈有十分大的分別，但歐洲最窮的國家比其它各洲平均水平要高，財富的差別在歐洲可以粗略看到東西歐的鴻溝。雖然西歐所有國家都有很高的國內生產總值和生活水平，但是許多東歐國家的經濟是從崩潰了的共產主義國家發展來的(蘇聯和南斯拉夫)。 歐洲是第一個工業化的大陸，工業化起源於18世紀的英國。時至今日，歐洲已成為世界上最富有的大洲。歐洲最大的經濟體是德國，德國是世界第四大經濟體（按GDP計算）、世界第三大商品出口國和第三大商品進口國；其次是法國，在全球排名中國內生產總值排第五，購買力平價排名第六；而英國在全球GDP排名中排名第六。自從二次世界大戰後，歐洲國家之間有越來越多的接觸，最終令歐洲在1999年推出統一貨幣歐元。如果把歐盟作為一個國家計算，歐盟是世界最大的經濟體係。歐洲是世界上最富有的地區，其資產大約為三十五萬億美元超過了北美洲的三十萬億美元。 (zh) اقتصاد أوروبا يشمل إنتاج أوروبا من السلع المصنعة السيارات والآلات والفولاذ. وتتخذ صناعة الخدمات كالصناعة المصرفية والرعاية الصحية أهمية متزايدة. تنتج أراضي أوروبا الزراعية الشاسعة ذات التربة الخصبة كميات كبيرة من القمح والمحصولات الزراعية الأخرى. تنضوي معظم النشاطات الاقتصادية في غربي أوروبا، تحت نظام الملكية الخاصة بعيدًا عن سيطرة الدولة، إلا أن الحكومة تقوم بإدارة بعض المشروعات، التي تنتج السلع الضرورية، والتي تقدم الخدمات الضرورية. تشمل هذه المشروعات السكك الحديدية، وفي بعض الحالات صناعة السيارات. بدأت بعض الحكومات في الثمانينيات من القرن العشرين في بيع مثل هذه المشروعات للقطاع الخاص. (ar) Η οικονομία της Ευρώπης περιλαμβάνει περισσότερους από 744 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπους σε 50 διαφορετικές χώρες. Η σύσταση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και το 1999 η καθιέρωση ενός ενιαίου νομίσματος, του ευρώ, φέρνει τις συμμετέχουσες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες πιο κοντά στην ευκολία ενός κοινού νομίσματος και οδήγησε σε μια ισχυρότερη ευρωπαϊκή ταμειακή ροή. Η διαφορά του πλούτου σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη μπορεί να φανεί σε μεγάλο βαθμό στον διαχωρισμό στον ψυχρό πόλεμο, με ορισμένες χώρες να παραβιάζουν το χάσμα (Ελλάδα, Πολωνία, Ρουμανία, Σλοβενία και Τσεχία). Ενώ τα περισσότερα ευρωπαϊκά κράτη έχουν ένα υψηλότερο κατά κεφαλή ΑΕΠ από τον μέσο όρο του κόσμου και πολλή ανάπτυξη (Λίχτενσταϊν, Λουξεμβούργο, Μονακό, Ανδόρρα, Νορβηγία, Σουηδία, Ολλανδία, Ελβετία, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), μερικές ευρωπαϊκές οικονομίες, παρά (el) The economy of Europe comprises about 748 million people in 50 countries. The formation of the European Union (EU) and in 1999 the introduction of a unified currency, the Euro, brought participating European countries closer through the convenience of a shared currency and has led to a stronger European cash flow. It is important to note that the European Union is not a country, rather a unique global organisation, as an entity forming one of the largest economies in the world. The European Union also “regulates” the global market by the Single Market. The difference in wealth across Europe can be seen roughly in former Cold War divide, with some countries breaching the divide (Greece, Portugal, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). Whilst most European st (en) Si l’Europe est l'une des régions les plus riches et développées du monde, elle n'est pas un espace économiquement homogène : tous les pays européens ne sont pas des pays développés : l'Ukraine et la Moldavie font exception et sont classés comme pays à développement moyen avec un IDH inférieur à 0,8. L’Europe de l'Ouest et l'Europe du Nord très prospères contrastent avec certaines régions moins riches d'Europe centrale, d'Europe de l'Est (Moldavie, Ukraine, certaines régions de Roumanie, Russie) et d'Europe du Sud (Albanie, Serbie, Macédoine, certaines régions de Bulgarie, Italie du Sud, certaines régions d'Espagne, de Grèce et du Portugal). (fr) L'economia d'Europa, comprende più di 743 milioni di persone in 50 diversi Stati. Come altri continenti, la ricchezza degli stati in Europa varia, anche se gli stati più poveri sono ben al di sopra dei più poveri stati di altri continenti in termini di PIL e livelli di vita. La differenza di ricchezza in Europa può essere vista grossomodo durante la guerra fredda, dove si può notare il divario tra paesi come: Portogallo, Slovenia e Repubblica Ceca. Mentre gran parte degli Stati europei hanno un PIL pro capite superiore alla media del mondo e sono molto sviluppate (Liechtenstein, Lussemburgo, Principato di Monaco, Norvegia, Svezia, Paesi Bassi, Svizzera), alcune economie europee, nonostante la loro posizione superiore alla media mondiale (tranne per la Moldavia) hanno un Indice di sviluppo (it) Durante séculos a Europa foi um dos maiores centros econômicos do planeta. Entre as causas, podemos citar como a principal sua condição geográfica. A localização entre a África e a Ásia, fez da região europeia um ponto de passagem obrigatório, e facilitou de forma substancial a absorção e irradiação dos conhecimentos, tecnologia e comércio de ambos continentes.Esta condição perdurou até ao século XX. No século XX, a Europa viu seu predomínio declinar em relação aos Estados Unidos, o Japão e, na fase final, a República Popular da China. A Primeira e Segunda guerra mundial, travadas em seu território, a carência de energia, de petróleo, além de uma intensa rivalidade entre seus povos, representaram para o continente a perda de sua liderança econômica, repercutindo em diferentes graus no estr (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Economy of Europe (en) اقتصاد أوروبا (ar) Οικονομία της Ευρώπης (el) Économie de l'Europe (fr) Economia d'Europa (it) Economia da Europa (pt) Europas ekonomi (sv) 欧洲经济 (zh) |
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