Hormone replacement therapy (original) (raw)

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La terapia de sustitución hormonal (TSH), terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) o terapia hormonal sustitutoria (THS) es un sistema de tratamiento médico para la , la y, en menor medida, para mujeres en la menopausia. Se basa en la idea de que el tratamiento puede prevenir las molestias causadas por la menor cantidad de hormonas (estrógenos y progesterona) presentes en la sangre. Supone el empleo de uno o más fármacos pertenecientes a un grupo diseñado para elevar artificialmente los niveles hormonales.Los principales tipos de hormonas que se usan en este tratamiento son: estrógenos, progesterona o progestinas y a veces testosterona. A menudo se la llama tratamiento en lugar de terapia.

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dbo:abstract العلاج بالهرمونات البديلة (بالإنجليزية: Hormonal replacement Therapy)‏ هو أي شكل من أشكال العلاج الهرموني حيث المريض أثناء العلاج الطبي يتلقى الهرمونات إما أن تكمل نقص في الهرمونات التي تحدث بشكل طبيعي أو استبدال الهرمونات الأخرى على الهرمونات التي تحدث بشكل طبيعي. الأدوية الهرمونية الرئيسية المُستخدمة في العلاج البديل بالهرمونات لأعراض انقطاع الطمث هي هرمونات الاستروجين والبروجستيرون، والبروجسترون هو هرمون الجنس الأنثوي الرئيسي الطبيعي، وموجود أيضاً في الأدوية المُصنعة المستخدمة في علاج هرمونات انقطاع الطمث. على الرغم من أن كلا الهرمونين قد يكون لهما أعراض جانبية، فالبروجسترون خاصة يضاف إلى أنظمة العلاج بالاستروجين عندما يكون الرحم موجوداً. يُعزز العلاج بالإستروجين (لوحده دون البروجسترون) من سماكة بطانة الرحم ويمكن أن يزيد من خطر الإصابة بسرطان الرحم، و على العكس من ذلك يقلل البروجسترون من هذا الخطر. يمكن أن تُستخدم الأندروجينات (مثل التستوستيرون) في العلاج أيضاً. العلاج التعويضي بالهرمونات متوفر من خلال العديد من الطرق المختلفة. تشير نتائج مبادرة صحة المرأة إلى المخاطر والفوائد المُحتملة على أجهزة الجسم المختلفة. على المدى الطويل، وبعد متابعة المرضى المُشاركين في مبادرة الصحة العالمية لم يُوجد أي اختلاف في معدلات الوفيات الناجمة عن أمراض القلب، والأوعية الدموية، أو السرطان، عند المشاركة بالعلاج التعويضي للهرمونات. اقترحت دراسات لاحقة أن المخاطر يمكن أن تختلف تبعاً لطريقة عمل هذه الأدوية. لا توجد دراسات سريرية كافية عن الهرمون البديل، والذي طوّر في القرن الحادي والعشرين باستخدام مركبات مُصنِّعة لها نفس التركيب الكيميائي والجزيئي للهرمونات المُنتجة في جسم الإنسان، وهي مُعتمدة على الستيروئيدات الموجودة في النباتات. تتضمن الاستطبابات الحالية للاستخدام وفقًا لمنظمة الأغذية والأدوية الأمريكية علاجاً قصير الأمد لأعراض انقطاع الطمث، مثل الهبات الساخنة المُوسعة للأوعية أو ضمور المهبل بالإضافة إلى الوقاية من هشاشة العظام. (ar) La teràpia hormonal substitutiva (THS), també coneguda com a teràpia hormonal de la menopausa o teràpia hormonal postmenopàusica, és una forma de teràpia hormonal que s'utilitza per tractar els símptomes associats a la menopausa. Aquests símptomes poden incloure fogots, atròfia i sequedat vaginals, envelliment accelerat de la pell, disminució de la massa muscular, disfunció sexual i pèrdua òssia. Estan en gran part relacionats amb els nivells disminuïts que es produeixen durant la menopausa de les hormones sexuals. Els principals medicaments hormonals que s'utilitzen en la THS per als símptomes de la menopausa són els estrògens i els progestàgens, entre els quals la progesterona és l'hormona sexual femenina més important de naturalesa i també un medicament fabricat que s'utilitza en la teràpia hormonal de la menopausa. Tot i que tots dos poden tenir beneficis simptomàtics, el progestagen s'afegeix específicament als règims d'estrògens quan l'úter encara és present. La teràpia d'estrògens sense oposició afavoreix l' i pot augmentar el risc de càncer, mentre que el progestagen redueix aquest risc. De vegades també s'utilitzen andrògens com la testosterona. La THS està disponible a través de diverses rutes. Els resultats de la Women Health Initiative (WHI) suggereixen riscos i beneficis potencials en diferents sistemes d'òrgans. Tanmateix, el seguiment a llarg termini dels participants de la WHI no ha trobat diferències en la taxa de mortalitat per causa total, cardiovascular o per càncer amb THS. Estudis posteriors van suggerir que el risc pot variar segons la via d'administració. La substitució hormonal "bioidentica": un desenvolupament al segle XXI que utilitza compostos fabricats que tenen "exactament la mateixa estructura química i molecular que les hormones que es produeixen al cos humà", i es basen principalment en - té una investigació clínica inadequada per determinar-ne l'eficàcia i la seguretat (2017). Les indicacions actuals d'ús de la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) dels Estats Units inclouen el tractament a curt termini dels símptomes de la menopausa, com ara els fogots o l'atròfia vaginal, i la prevenció de l'osteoporosi. (ca) Hormonersatztherapie (HET; englisch hormone replacement therapy, HRT) bezeichnet die medizinische Verwendung von Hormonen zur Behandlung von Beschwerden, die auf einen relativen oder absoluten Mangel eines oder mehrerer Hormone zurückgeführt werden können. Im engeren Sinne wird mit Hormonersatztherapie die Gabe von Medikamenten in den Wechseljahren (Klimakterium bei Frauen und Klimakterium virile bei Männern) und als begleitende geschlechtsangleichende Maßnahme bei Transsexualität bezeichnet. Der Begriff selbst ist strittig, da es sich um eine Unterart der Hormontherapie (HT oder z. B. eine menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) oder Postmenopausale Hormontherapie (PHT,PMHT)) handelt und nicht ein kompletter Ersatz des endogenen Hormonstoffwechsels stattfindet. Hormone, die in der Hormontherapie eingesetzt werden können, wurden im Laufe der Zeit weiterentwickelt. Heute haben bioidentische Hormone die früheren, aus Pferdeurin gewonnenen Hormone abgelöst. (de) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. These symptoms can include hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness, decreased muscle mass, sexual dysfunction, and bone loss. They are in large part related to the diminished levels of sex hormones that occur during menopause. Estrogens and progestogens are the main hormone drugs used in HRT. Progesterone is the main female sex hormone that occurs naturally and is also manufactured into a drug that is used in menopausal hormone therapy. Although both classes of hormones can have symptomatic benefit, progestogen is specifically added to estrogen regimens when the uterus is present to avoid the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Unopposed estrogen therapy promotes endometrial hyperplasia and increases the risk of cancer, while progestogen reduces this risk. Androgens like testosterone are sometimes used as well. HRT is available through a variety of different routes. The long-term effects of HRT on most organ systems vary by age and time since the last physiological exposure to hormones, and there can be large differences in individual regimens, factors which have made analyzing effects difficult. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is an ongoing study of over 27,000 women that began in 1991, with the most recent analyses suggesting that, when initiated within 10 years of menopause, HRT reduces all-cause mortality and risks of coronary disease, osteoporosis, and dementia; after 10 years the beneficial effects on mortality and coronary heart disease are no longer apparent, though there are decreased risks of hip and vertebral fractures and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism when taken orally. "Bioidentical" hormone replacement is a development in the 21st century and uses manufactured compounds with "exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as hormones that are produced in the human body." These are mainly steroids derived from plants and can be a component of either registered pharmaceutical or custom-made compounded preparations, with the latter generally not recommended by regulatory bodies due to their lack of standardization and formal oversight. Bioidentical hormone replacement has inadequate clinical research to determine its safety and efficacy as of 2017. The current indications for use from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include short-term treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as vasomotor hot flashes or vaginal atrophy, and prevention of osteoporosis. (en) La terapia de sustitución hormonal (TSH), terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) o terapia hormonal sustitutoria (THS) es un sistema de tratamiento médico para la , la y, en menor medida, para mujeres en la menopausia. Se basa en la idea de que el tratamiento puede prevenir las molestias causadas por la menor cantidad de hormonas (estrógenos y progesterona) presentes en la sangre. Supone el empleo de uno o más fármacos pertenecientes a un grupo diseñado para elevar artificialmente los niveles hormonales.Los principales tipos de hormonas que se usan en este tratamiento son: estrógenos, progesterona o progestinas y a veces testosterona. A menudo se la llama tratamiento en lugar de terapia. (es) Cuingriú d'éastraigin shaorga is prógaistéarón saorga a thógann an bhean tríd an mbéal chun dul in ionad na hormón nádúrtha baineann tar éis an tsos míostraithe nuair a stopann an cholainn á dtáirgeadh. Tógtar an teiripe chun siomptóim ar leith a mhaolú, cosúil le luisne the, allas istoíche, neamhchodladh, faighin thirim. Is maith an teiripe seo freisin chun iarmhairtí oistéaporóise a laghdú. Ar an taobh eile, is féidir go mbeidh fo-iarmhairtí neamhfhábhracha uirthi: trombóis, rith fola sa bhfaighin, agus priacal méadaithe ailse chíche. (ga) La terapia ormonale sostitutiva TOS è un qualsiasi tipo di terapia ormonale in cui il paziente, per motivi clinici e in corso di trattamenti medici, riceve ormoni, al fine di colmare un deficit degli stessi oppure di sostituirne alcuni. * La terapia ormonale sostitutiva postmenopausale è basata sull'idea che il trattamento possa prevenire il disagio dovuto alla diminuita produzione di estrogeni e progesterone circolanti, oppure, nel caso di una menopausa precoce o chirurgica, possa aumentare la speranza di vita e ridurre l'incidenza di demenza. È caratterizzata dall'uso di uno o più farmaci che possono aumentare il livello circolante di ormoni. Tra gli ormoni coinvolti vi sono estrogeni, progesterone o progestinici e talvolta testosterone. * La transizione, o riassegnazione del genere di nascita, avviene anche grazie alla sostituzione degli ormoni normalmente prodotti dal corpo con quelli caratteristici del sesso opposto. In particolare per le donne transessuali la terapia ormonale sostitutiva è a base di estrogeni e antiandrogeni, mentre, per gli uomini transessuali, è a base di testosterone. * La terapia ormonale sostitutiva androgenica è un trattamento ormonale molto spesso utilizzato nel trattamento dell'ipogonadismo maschile. Può essere somministrata anche per diminuire gli effetti o ritardare l'inizio della pubertà. Inoltre, la terapia sostitutiva a base di androgeni può essere utilizzati da individui che abbiano perso la funzione testicolare per malattie, neoplasie o altre cause. * La terapia ormonale sostitutiva a base di un derivato degli ormoni tiroidei, la levotiroxina, è necessaria nel caso di un deficit della funzione tiroidea, sia nel caso questa sia conseguenza di una malattia (come nel caso della tiroidite di Hashimoto), sia nel caso sia secondaria a un intervento di tiroidectomia totale (effettuata per un tumore della tiroide o nel caso di morbo di Basedow-Graves non responsivo). In questi casi la terapia deve essere assunta per tutta la vita; viceversa accade nel caso di un deficit temporaneo, come nel caso di malattie, quali la tiroidite di de Quervain, la tiroidite silente e quella infettiva, nel caso di terapia con radioiodio, nel caso di tiroidectomia parziale e nel caso di utilizzo di farmaci antitiroidei (come il propiltiouracile o il metimazolo). * Quando è consigliata la TOS? Non tutte le donne in menopausa hanno bisogno della TOS. Questa viene solitamente consigliata nei seguenti casi: * Menopausa precoce * Menopausa indotta o artificiale * Elevate difficoltà sessuali dovute all’atrofia e restringimento della vagina, con bruciori e dolori * Fragilità ossea elevata * Rischio osteoporosi * Rischio elevato di cardiopatia * Elevata frequenza e intensità delle vampate di calore, tanto da impedire ad una donna una vita normale * Alterazioni gravi dell’umore (it) 호르몬대체요법은 갱년기의 여성들이 겪는 폐경기 질병을 예방하고 치료하기 위해 성호르몬인 에스트로겐(Estrogen)과 프로게스테론(Progesterone)을 인공적으로 주입하는 치료법이다. 호르몬 대체요법은 여성 호르몬의 부족으로 인해 발생하는 폐경기에 발생하는 문제점인 안면홍조, 골다공증, 불면증, 질과 비뇨기계통의 위축 등의 증상을 호르몬을 직접 투여하여 빠르게 증상을 경감시킨다는 면에서 효과적이지만, 안전성에 대한 여러 논란들이 현재까지 이어지고 있다.호르몬 대체요법에 대해 일반적으로 알려진 문제점으로는 자궁내막암 위험의 증가, 유방암 위험 증가, 담낭질환의 위험 증가, 유방통증, 생리증후군, 간질환이 있으며, 이 외에 일부 연구에서 알츠하이머와 혈관성 치매에 걸릴 위험, 청력 저하, 천식, 혈전증, 고혈압 등이 보고된 바가 있다.호르몬대체요법의 고위험군 환자들에게 천연성분인 승마(Cimicifuga), 생귀나리아(Sanguinaria), 이그나시아(Ignatia), 세피아(Sepia)를 이용한 의약품도 일부 처방되어 사용되기도 한다. (ko) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 호르몬_대체요법_(폐경) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 호르몬 대체요법(Hormone replacement therapy, HRT, menopausal hormone therapy, MHT, postmenopausal hormone therapy, PHT, PMHT)는 여성의 폐경기와 관련된 증상을 치료하기 위해 사용되는 의 일종이다. (ko) La terapia ormonale sostitutiva in menopausa è un trattamento medico che si applica alle donne in menopausa chirurgica, in perimenopausa e in postmenopausa. Il suo obiettivo è quello di ridurre il disagio causato dalla diminuzione di ormoni estrogeno e progesterone circolanti nella menopausa. Una combinazione di questa terapia è spesso raccomandata in quanto diminuisce l'iperplasia endometriale e il rischio di tumore associato alla terapia di estrogeni non bilanciati. I principali ormoni coinvolti sono gli estrogeni, il progesterone e progestinici. Alcune terapie recenti includono anche l'uso di androgeni pure. (it) Hormonalna terapia zastępcza, HTZ – leczenie suplementujące hormony płciowe w okresie perimenopauzy u kobiet. W ramach HTZ stosuje się: * 17β-estradiol * estriol * estrogeny skoniugowane * związki steroidowe (np. ) U wszystkich pacjentek (oprócz tych po histerektomii) stosuje się je w połączeniu z gestagenami: progesteronem, 17-hydroksyprogesteronem, . Możliwe drogi podania hormonów to: * doustna * przezskórna * dopochwowa * donosowa. (pl) A terapia de reposição hormonal ou terapia de substituição hormonal é a administração de hormônios para vários fins terapêuticos. (pt) Terapia de Substituição Hormonal (TSH em Portugal) ou Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH no Brasil) visa, sobretudo, minimizar ou prevenir as alterações decorrentes do hipoestrogenismo na pós-menopausa, bem como corrigir as disfunções menstruais da pré e perimenopausa, para não ocasionar lesões proliferativas ou hiperplásicas do endométrio, assim como quadros de hemorragia. (pt) HRT (hormone replacement therapy, "hormonersättningsterapi" på svenska) är en läkemedelsbehandling där patienten får könshormoner i syfte att ersätta eller komplettera de befintliga. Det vanligaste användningsområdet är substitution av kvinnliga könshormon för att lindra klimakteriebesvär samt förebyggande av osteoporos hos kvinnor med särskilt hög risk och i Sverige syftar man framförallt på denna benämningen av HRT. Andra syften är behandling med kvinnligt respektive manligt könshormon för att uppnå en kvinnlig respektive manlig fenotyp hos personer som identifierar med det motsatta könet, alltså transpersoner (se hormonterapi (transsexualism)), samt manligt könshormon vid primär och sekundär hypogonadism, t.ex. som en del i det manliga åldrandet (jämför den omstridda "andropausen"). (sv) Заместительная гормональная терапия (ЗГТ) — терапия, целью которой является фармакологическая замена утраченной гормональной функции яичников. В терапии используются эстрогены, гестагены, в некоторых случаях андрогены. В последние годы отмечается тенденция к раннему назначению ЗГТ (в перименопаузе) в следующих случаях: * ранняя или преждевременная (38—45 лет); * длительные периоды вторичной аменореи в репродуктивном возрасте; * первичная аменорея (кроме синдрома МРКХ); * искусственная менопауза (хирургическая, рентгено- и радиотерапия); * ранние вазомоторные симптомы климактерического синдрома в перименопаузе; * урогенитальные расстройства; * наличие факторов риска остеопороза и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, болезни Альцгеймерa. Однако доказано, что заместительная гормональная терапия причиняет вред здоровью; что она повышает риск рака молочной железы, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, болезни Альцгеймера. В принято выделять кратковременные и долговременные показания для ЗГТ. Показанием к применению заместительной гормональной терапии в пре- и постменопаузе являются вегетативные, вазомоторные и психические расстройства, приводящие к снижению качества жизни. Также показанием являются симптомы урогенитальной атрофии. Перед назначением ЗГТ необходимо провести обследование. Обязательным является: 1) изучение гинекологического и соматического анамнеза; 2) ультразвуковое исследование с помощью эндовагинального датчика; 3) маммография. По данным мета-обзора Cochrane от 2006 года долгосрочная заместительная гормональная терапия не показана для рутинной профилактики и лечения хронических заболеваний у женщин. В обзоре 2012 года указано, что такая терапия не показана для первичной или вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, слабоумия, ухудшения когнитивной функции у женщин в постменопаузе. Для женщин с высоким риском развития остеопороза в постменопаузе, которым не подходит лечение без применения эстрогена, длительная гормональная терапия остается эффективным вариантом профилактики. Оценка рисков длительной гормональной терапии у женщин моложе 50 лет затруднена из-за недостатка данных. (ru) 激素替代療法（英語：hormone replacement therapy, HRT；menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)、postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT)）是一種荷爾蒙療法，用於治療女性更年期相關的症狀。這些症狀可能包括潮熱，陰道萎縮和乾燥，以及骨質流失等，並且是由更年期期間性激素水平降低引起的。激素替代療法用於更年期症狀的主要激素藥物是雌激素和孕激素。對於擁有完整子宮的女性，孕激素通常與雌激素聯合使用，因為無對抗的雌激素治療與子宮內膜增生和癌症有關，而孕激素可預防這些風險。像睾酮這樣的雄激素有時也用於激素替代療法。激素替代療法藥物有多種形式，可通過各種不同的給藥途徑使用。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment La terapia de sustitución hormonal (TSH), terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) o terapia hormonal sustitutoria (THS) es un sistema de tratamiento médico para la , la y, en menor medida, para mujeres en la menopausia. Se basa en la idea de que el tratamiento puede prevenir las molestias causadas por la menor cantidad de hormonas (estrógenos y progesterona) presentes en la sangre. Supone el empleo de uno o más fármacos pertenecientes a un grupo diseñado para elevar artificialmente los niveles hormonales.Los principales tipos de hormonas que se usan en este tratamiento son: estrógenos, progesterona o progestinas y a veces testosterona. A menudo se la llama tratamiento en lugar de terapia. (es) Cuingriú d'éastraigin shaorga is prógaistéarón saorga a thógann an bhean tríd an mbéal chun dul in ionad na hormón nádúrtha baineann tar éis an tsos míostraithe nuair a stopann an cholainn á dtáirgeadh. Tógtar an teiripe chun siomptóim ar leith a mhaolú, cosúil le luisne the, allas istoíche, neamhchodladh, faighin thirim. Is maith an teiripe seo freisin chun iarmhairtí oistéaporóise a laghdú. Ar an taobh eile, is féidir go mbeidh fo-iarmhairtí neamhfhábhracha uirthi: trombóis, rith fola sa bhfaighin, agus priacal méadaithe ailse chíche. (ga) 호르몬대체요법은 갱년기의 여성들이 겪는 폐경기 질병을 예방하고 치료하기 위해 성호르몬인 에스트로겐(Estrogen)과 프로게스테론(Progesterone)을 인공적으로 주입하는 치료법이다. 호르몬 대체요법은 여성 호르몬의 부족으로 인해 발생하는 폐경기에 발생하는 문제점인 안면홍조, 골다공증, 불면증, 질과 비뇨기계통의 위축 등의 증상을 호르몬을 직접 투여하여 빠르게 증상을 경감시킨다는 면에서 효과적이지만, 안전성에 대한 여러 논란들이 현재까지 이어지고 있다.호르몬 대체요법에 대해 일반적으로 알려진 문제점으로는 자궁내막암 위험의 증가, 유방암 위험 증가, 담낭질환의 위험 증가, 유방통증, 생리증후군, 간질환이 있으며, 이 외에 일부 연구에서 알츠하이머와 혈관성 치매에 걸릴 위험, 청력 저하, 천식, 혈전증, 고혈압 등이 보고된 바가 있다.호르몬대체요법의 고위험군 환자들에게 천연성분인 승마(Cimicifuga), 생귀나리아(Sanguinaria), 이그나시아(Ignatia), 세피아(Sepia)를 이용한 의약품도 일부 처방되어 사용되기도 한다. (ko) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 호르몬_대체요법_(폐경) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 호르몬 대체요법(Hormone replacement therapy, HRT, menopausal hormone therapy, MHT, postmenopausal hormone therapy, PHT, PMHT)는 여성의 폐경기와 관련된 증상을 치료하기 위해 사용되는 의 일종이다. (ko) La terapia ormonale sostitutiva in menopausa è un trattamento medico che si applica alle donne in menopausa chirurgica, in perimenopausa e in postmenopausa. Il suo obiettivo è quello di ridurre il disagio causato dalla diminuzione di ormoni estrogeno e progesterone circolanti nella menopausa. Una combinazione di questa terapia è spesso raccomandata in quanto diminuisce l'iperplasia endometriale e il rischio di tumore associato alla terapia di estrogeni non bilanciati. I principali ormoni coinvolti sono gli estrogeni, il progesterone e progestinici. Alcune terapie recenti includono anche l'uso di androgeni pure. (it) Hormonalna terapia zastępcza, HTZ – leczenie suplementujące hormony płciowe w okresie perimenopauzy u kobiet. W ramach HTZ stosuje się: * 17β-estradiol * estriol * estrogeny skoniugowane * związki steroidowe (np. ) U wszystkich pacjentek (oprócz tych po histerektomii) stosuje się je w połączeniu z gestagenami: progesteronem, 17-hydroksyprogesteronem, . Możliwe drogi podania hormonów to: * doustna * przezskórna * dopochwowa * donosowa. (pl) A terapia de reposição hormonal ou terapia de substituição hormonal é a administração de hormônios para vários fins terapêuticos. (pt) Terapia de Substituição Hormonal (TSH em Portugal) ou Terapia de Reposição Hormonal (TRH no Brasil) visa, sobretudo, minimizar ou prevenir as alterações decorrentes do hipoestrogenismo na pós-menopausa, bem como corrigir as disfunções menstruais da pré e perimenopausa, para não ocasionar lesões proliferativas ou hiperplásicas do endométrio, assim como quadros de hemorragia. (pt) HRT (hormone replacement therapy, "hormonersättningsterapi" på svenska) är en läkemedelsbehandling där patienten får könshormoner i syfte att ersätta eller komplettera de befintliga. Det vanligaste användningsområdet är substitution av kvinnliga könshormon för att lindra klimakteriebesvär samt förebyggande av osteoporos hos kvinnor med särskilt hög risk och i Sverige syftar man framförallt på denna benämningen av HRT. Andra syften är behandling med kvinnligt respektive manligt könshormon för att uppnå en kvinnlig respektive manlig fenotyp hos personer som identifierar med det motsatta könet, alltså transpersoner (se hormonterapi (transsexualism)), samt manligt könshormon vid primär och sekundär hypogonadism, t.ex. som en del i det manliga åldrandet (jämför den omstridda "andropausen"). (sv) 激素替代療法（英語：hormone replacement therapy, HRT；menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)、postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT)）是一種荷爾蒙療法，用於治療女性更年期相關的症狀。這些症狀可能包括潮熱，陰道萎縮和乾燥，以及骨質流失等，並且是由更年期期間性激素水平降低引起的。激素替代療法用於更年期症狀的主要激素藥物是雌激素和孕激素。對於擁有完整子宮的女性，孕激素通常與雌激素聯合使用，因為無對抗的雌激素治療與子宮內膜增生和癌症有關，而孕激素可預防這些風險。像睾酮這樣的雄激素有時也用於激素替代療法。激素替代療法藥物有多種形式，可通過各種不同的給藥途徑使用。 (zh) العلاج بالهرمونات البديلة (بالإنجليزية: Hormonal replacement Therapy)‏ هو أي شكل من أشكال العلاج الهرموني حيث المريض أثناء العلاج الطبي يتلقى الهرمونات إما أن تكمل نقص في الهرمونات التي تحدث بشكل طبيعي أو استبدال الهرمونات الأخرى على الهرمونات التي تحدث بشكل طبيعي. الأدوية الهرمونية الرئيسية المُستخدمة في العلاج البديل بالهرمونات لأعراض انقطاع الطمث هي هرمونات الاستروجين والبروجستيرون، والبروجسترون هو هرمون الجنس الأنثوي الرئيسي الطبيعي، وموجود أيضاً في الأدوية المُصنعة المستخدمة في علاج هرمونات انقطاع الطمث. على الرغم من أن كلا الهرمونين قد يكون لهما أعراض جانبية، فالبروجسترون خاصة يضاف إلى أنظمة العلاج بالاستروجين عندما يكون الرحم موجوداً. يُعزز العلاج بالإستروجين (لوحده دون البروجسترون) من سماكة بطانة الرحم ويمكن أن يزيد من خطر الإصابة بسرطان الرحم، و على العكس من ذلك يقلل البروجسترون م (ar) La teràpia hormonal substitutiva (THS), també coneguda com a teràpia hormonal de la menopausa o teràpia hormonal postmenopàusica, és una forma de teràpia hormonal que s'utilitza per tractar els símptomes associats a la menopausa. Aquests símptomes poden incloure fogots, atròfia i sequedat vaginals, envelliment accelerat de la pell, disminució de la massa muscular, disfunció sexual i pèrdua òssia. Estan en gran part relacionats amb els nivells disminuïts que es produeixen durant la menopausa de les hormones sexuals. (ca) Hormonersatztherapie (HET; englisch hormone replacement therapy, HRT) bezeichnet die medizinische Verwendung von Hormonen zur Behandlung von Beschwerden, die auf einen relativen oder absoluten Mangel eines oder mehrerer Hormone zurückgeführt werden können. Im engeren Sinne wird mit Hormonersatztherapie die Gabe von Medikamenten in den Wechseljahren (Klimakterium bei Frauen und Klimakterium virile bei Männern) und als begleitende geschlechtsangleichende Maßnahme bei Transsexualität bezeichnet. Der Begriff selbst ist strittig, da es sich um eine Unterart der Hormontherapie (HT oder z. B. eine menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) oder Postmenopausale Hormontherapie (PHT,PMHT)) handelt und nicht ein kompletter Ersatz des endogenen Hormonstoffwechsels stattfindet. (de) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. These symptoms can include hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness, decreased muscle mass, sexual dysfunction, and bone loss. They are in large part related to the diminished levels of sex hormones that occur during menopause. (en) La terapia ormonale sostitutiva TOS è un qualsiasi tipo di terapia ormonale in cui il paziente, per motivi clinici e in corso di trattamenti medici, riceve ormoni, al fine di colmare un deficit degli stessi oppure di sostituirne alcuni. (it) Заместительная гормональная терапия (ЗГТ) — терапия, целью которой является фармакологическая замена утраченной гормональной функции яичников. В терапии используются эстрогены, гестагены, в некоторых случаях андрогены. В последние годы отмечается тенденция к раннему назначению ЗГТ (в перименопаузе) в следующих случаях: Однако доказано, что заместительная гормональная терапия причиняет вред здоровью; что она повышает риск рака молочной железы, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, болезни Альцгеймера. (ru)
rdfs:label العلاج باستخدام الهرمونات البديلة (ar) Teràpia hormonal substitutiva (ca) Hormonersatztherapie (de) Terapia de sustitución hormonal (es) Teiripe athsholáthar hormón (ga) Terapia ormonale sostitutiva (menopausa) (it) Hormone replacement therapy (en) Terapia ormonale sostitutiva (it) 호르몬 대체요법 (폐경) (ko) 호르몬 대체요법 (ko) Hormonalna terapia zastępcza (menopauza) (pl) Terapia de reposição hormonal (pt) Terapia de substituição hormonal (pt) Заместительная гормональная терапия (ru) HRT (behandling) (sv) 激素替代療法 (zh)
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