| dbo:abstract |
الغارات الفينيانية هي غارات شنتها أخوية فينيان المتمركزة آنذاك في الولايات المتحدة في الفترة ما بين 1866 و1871 على الحصون، ومواقع الجمارك، وغيرها من الأهداف التابعة للجيش البريطاني في كندا بهدف الضغط على بريطانيا لتنسحب من أيرلندا. قسمت تلك الغارات العديد من الأيرلنديون الكنديون الكاثوليك، الذين تمزق الكثيرون منهم ما بين ولائهم لوطنهم الجديد وتعاطفهم مع أهداف الفينيان. وقد تمسك البروتستانت في أولستر، بوجه عام، بولائهم لبريطانيا، وحاربوا تحت لواء منظمة أورانج الأخوية ضد الفينيان. ورغم اعتقال القوات الأمريكية لهؤلاء الرجال ومصادرتها أسلحتهم بعد ذلك، فهناك آراء تشير إلى أن الكثيرين في الحكومة الأمريكية غضوا الطرف عما كان يجري من استعدادات للغزو، وذلك بسبب غضبهم من الأفعال التي يمكن اعتبارها مساعدة بريطانية الكونفدرالية في أثناء الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية. وللفينيان خمس غارات مهمة. (ar) The Fenian raids were a series of incursions carried out by the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization based in the United States, on military fortifications, customs posts and other targets in Canada (then part of British North America) in 1866, and again from 1870 to 1871. A number of separate incursions by the Fenian Brotherhood into Canada were undertaken to bring pressure on the British government to withdraw from Ireland, although none of these raids achieved their aims. In Canada, the incursions divided its burgeoning Irish-Canadian population, many of whom were torn between loyalty to their new home and sympathy for the aims of the Fenians. Protestant Irish immigrants were generally loyal to the British and fought with the pro-Union Orange Order against the Fenians. While authorities in the United States arrested the men and confiscated the arms of the Fenian Brotherhood, there was speculation that some in the U.S. government had ignored the preparations undertaken by the Fenians because of anger over British actions that were construed by some as assistance to the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. The Fenian raids were one of the factors that led to Canadian Confederation, as the provinces united to face the threat of the Fenian invasions. (en) Les raids féniens sont des attaques menées entre 1866 et 1871 par la confrérie fenian, groupement composé de nord-américains d'origine irlandaise basé aux États-Unis, visant les établissements britanniques basés au Canada. Il y eut cinq raids féniens. (fr) De Fenian raids werden tussen 1866 en 1871 uitgevoerd door het , een Iers-republikeinse organisatie in de Verenigde Staten. Vanuit daar viel het Broederschap Britse forten en grensposten in buurland Canada aan om Groot-Brittannië onder druk te zetten zich terug te trekken uit Ierland. (nl) フェニアン襲撃（フェニアンしゅうげき、英: Fenian raids）は、1866年から1871年にかけて、アメリカ合衆国内を本拠とするアイルランド人のフェニアン団が、イギリスにアイルランドから撤退するよう圧力を掛けるために、カナダにあるイギリス軍の砦、税関などの標的に襲撃を掛けたものである。この事件によってカトリック教徒のの多くを分裂させ、その多くは新しい故郷であるカナダへの忠誠心とフェニアン団が目的とすることへの同情心の間で引き裂かれた。プロテスタント系アイルランド人は概してイギリスに忠実であり、オレンジ国教党と共にフェニアン団に対抗して戦った。アメリカ合衆国当局はフェニアン団員を逮捕しその後に彼らの武器を押収したものの、政府要人の多くは南北戦争の時にイギリスがアメリカ連合国を援助したと解釈できる行動に怒り、侵入の準備には目を瞑っていた。フェニアンによる襲撃の主なものは5回あった。 (ja) Ataki fenian na Kanadę – skoordynowane z sobą próby inwazji na kolonie brytyjskie w Ameryce Północnej dokonane przez fenian, irlandzką organizację niepodległościową Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), w roku 1866. Fenianie działali otwarcie w USA ciesząc się rozległym społecznym poparciem tradycyjnie antybrytyjskiej społeczności. Także i politycy, w szczególności w przedwyborczych deklaracjach, popierali irlandzkich nacjonalistów. Fenianie stawiali sobie za zadanie doprowadzenie do pełnej niepodległości Irlandii. Fenianie zaplanowali atak zbrojny na kolonie brytyjskie, opanowanie ich, a następnie negocjacje z Wielka Brytania z pozycji siły, utrzymując kolonie i ich mieszkańców jako „zakładników”. (pl) Фениа́нские набе́ги (англ. Fenian raids, фр. Raids féniens) — нападения фенианского братства — объединения, состоящего из и основанного в США, — на британские учреждения в Канаде в период между 1866 и 1871 годами. Эти набеги, также известные как ирландское нашествие в Канаду, имели целью заставить тогдашнее британское правительство уйти из Ирландии. Эти действия привели к разногласиям в общине , разделённых между подданством своей новой родине и симпатией фенианским интересам. Ирландцы-протестанты, в большинстве своём подданные короны, боролись с фениями. Тогда как американские власти задерживали этих людей и конфисковывали у них оружие, всё-таки возникали дискуссии о том, что многие члены правительства закрывали глаза на подготовку нашествия, будучи раздражёнными многократными британскими действиями, воспринятыми как помощь конфедеративным силам во время американской гражданской войны. Всего произошло 5 фенианских набегов. (ru) |
| dbo:causalties |
Total: 53 wounded 54 captured 142 13 killed in action 22 died of wounds |
| dbo:combatant |
Fenian Brotherhood |
| dbo:commander |
dbr:Samuel_P._Spear dbr:John_O'Mahony dbr:John_O'Neill_(Fenian) dbr:George-Étienne_Cartier dbr:Thomas_William_Sweeny dbr:William_Osborne_Smith dbr:John_Stoughton_Dennis dbr:John_A._Macdonald dbr:Owen_Starr |
| dbo:place |
dbr:Eastern_Canada dbr:Manitoba |
| dbo:result |
*Canadian Confederation British Empire/Canadian victory |
| dbo:thumbnail |
wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/The_Battle_of_Ridgeway.jpg?width=300 |
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https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Wmwi_6dS-UQC&lpg=PP1&ots=dBOpmPbWxW&dq=The%20last%20invasion%20of%20Canada%3A%20The%20Fenian%20raids%2C%201866-1870&pg=PP1%23v=onepage&q&f=true http://www.fenians.org/ https://www.amazon.ca/Ridgeway-Peter-Vronsky/dp/0670068039/ref=sr_1_1%3Fie=UTF8&qid=1307775404&sr=8-1 https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4889 https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/7322 https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/7325 https://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/9389 http://dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/5957 http://exhibits.library.villanova.edu/torn-between-brothers-a-look-at-the-internal-division-that-weake/ https://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/pdf/10.3828/studia.41.109 http://www.russianbooks.org/crime/cph5a.htm http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mruddy/ONeillHurrah.htm https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1038696.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234906/http:/www.russianbooks.org/crime/cph5a.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20170825123310/http:/www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/fenians/index.aspx http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/pageant/17/fenianraids.shtml http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mruddy/GreeenFlag1.htm |
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Depiction of the Fenian charge during the Battle of Ridgeway (en) |
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1 (xsd:integer) 13 (xsd:integer) 22 (xsd:integer) 24 (xsd:integer) 48 (xsd:integer) 53 (xsd:integer) 54 (xsd:integer) 59 (xsd:integer) 142 (xsd:integer) Total: (en) 131' (en) |
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Fenian Brotherhood (en) |
| dbp:commander |
George-Étienne Cartier (en) John A. Macdonald (en) John O'Neill (en) John O'Mahony (en) Owen Starr (en) William O. Smith (en) J. Stoughton Dennis (en) Samuel P. Spear (en) Thomas Sweeny (en) |
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Fenian Raids (en) |
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2007-09-26 (xsd:date) April 1866 – October 1871 (en) |
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300 (xsd:integer) |
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Eastern Canada and Manitoba (en) |
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* Canadian Confederation (en) British Empire/Canadian victory (en) |
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الغارات الفينيانية هي غارات شنتها أخوية فينيان المتمركزة آنذاك في الولايات المتحدة في الفترة ما بين 1866 و1871 على الحصون، ومواقع الجمارك، وغيرها من الأهداف التابعة للجيش البريطاني في كندا بهدف الضغط على بريطانيا لتنسحب من أيرلندا. قسمت تلك الغارات العديد من الأيرلنديون الكنديون الكاثوليك، الذين تمزق الكثيرون منهم ما بين ولائهم لوطنهم الجديد وتعاطفهم مع أهداف الفينيان. وقد تمسك البروتستانت في أولستر، بوجه عام، بولائهم لبريطانيا، وحاربوا تحت لواء منظمة أورانج الأخوية ضد الفينيان. ورغم اعتقال القوات الأمريكية لهؤلاء الرجال ومصادرتها أسلحتهم بعد ذلك، فهناك آراء تشير إلى أن الكثيرين في الحكومة الأمريكية غضوا الطرف عما كان يجري من استعدادات للغزو، وذلك بسبب غضبهم من الأفعال التي يمكن اعتبارها مساعدة بريطانية الكونفدرالية في أثناء الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية. وللفينيان خمس غارات مهمة. (ar) Les raids féniens sont des attaques menées entre 1866 et 1871 par la confrérie fenian, groupement composé de nord-américains d'origine irlandaise basé aux États-Unis, visant les établissements britanniques basés au Canada. Il y eut cinq raids féniens. (fr) De Fenian raids werden tussen 1866 en 1871 uitgevoerd door het , een Iers-republikeinse organisatie in de Verenigde Staten. Vanuit daar viel het Broederschap Britse forten en grensposten in buurland Canada aan om Groot-Brittannië onder druk te zetten zich terug te trekken uit Ierland. (nl) フェニアン襲撃（フェニアンしゅうげき、英: Fenian raids）は、1866年から1871年にかけて、アメリカ合衆国内を本拠とするアイルランド人のフェニアン団が、イギリスにアイルランドから撤退するよう圧力を掛けるために、カナダにあるイギリス軍の砦、税関などの標的に襲撃を掛けたものである。この事件によってカトリック教徒のの多くを分裂させ、その多くは新しい故郷であるカナダへの忠誠心とフェニアン団が目的とすることへの同情心の間で引き裂かれた。プロテスタント系アイルランド人は概してイギリスに忠実であり、オレンジ国教党と共にフェニアン団に対抗して戦った。アメリカ合衆国当局はフェニアン団員を逮捕しその後に彼らの武器を押収したものの、政府要人の多くは南北戦争の時にイギリスがアメリカ連合国を援助したと解釈できる行動に怒り、侵入の準備には目を瞑っていた。フェニアンによる襲撃の主なものは5回あった。 (ja) The Fenian raids were a series of incursions carried out by the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization based in the United States, on military fortifications, customs posts and other targets in Canada (then part of British North America) in 1866, and again from 1870 to 1871. A number of separate incursions by the Fenian Brotherhood into Canada were undertaken to bring pressure on the British government to withdraw from Ireland, although none of these raids achieved their aims. (en) Ataki fenian na Kanadę – skoordynowane z sobą próby inwazji na kolonie brytyjskie w Ameryce Północnej dokonane przez fenian, irlandzką organizację niepodległościową Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), w roku 1866. (pl) Фениа́нские набе́ги (англ. Fenian raids, фр. Raids féniens) — нападения фенианского братства — объединения, состоящего из и основанного в США, — на британские учреждения в Канаде в период между 1866 и 1871 годами. Эти набеги, также известные как ирландское нашествие в Канаду, имели целью заставить тогдашнее британское правительство уйти из Ирландии. Эти действия привели к разногласиям в общине , разделённых между подданством своей новой родине и симпатией фенианским интересам. Ирландцы-протестанты, в большинстве своём подданные короны, боролись с фениями. Тогда как американские власти задерживали этих людей и конфисковывали у них оружие, всё-таки возникали дискуссии о том, что многие члены правительства закрывали глаза на подготовку нашествия, будучи раздражёнными многократными британским (ru) |
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Fenian raids (en) غارات فينيانية (ar) Raids féniens (fr) フェニアン襲撃 (ja) Fenian raids (nl) Ataki fenian na Kanadę (pl) Фенианские набеги (ru) |
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