Johann Gottlieb Fichte (original) (raw)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19. květen 1762 – 27. leden 1814) byl německý filosof a žák Immanuela Kanta.
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| dbo:abstract | Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19. květen 1762 – 27. leden 1814) byl německý filosof a žák Immanuela Kanta. (cs) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (AFI: ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə) (Rammenau, 19 de maig de 1762 - Berlín, 27 de gener de 1814) fou un filòsof alemany de gran importància en la història del pensament occidental. Com a continuador de la filosofia crítica de Kant i precursor tant de Schelling com de la filosofia de l'esperit d'Hegel, és considerat un dels pares de l'anomenat idealisme alemany. És el creador de la tríade dialèctica en la seva terminologia tesi-antítesi-síntesi, que sol atribuir-se a Hegel, encara que aquest va utilitzar la denominació abstracte-negatiu-concret. (ca) يوهان غوتليب فيشته (بالألمانية: Johann Gottlieb Fichte) (1762–1814) فيلسوف ألماني.واحد من أبرز مؤسسي الحركة الفلسفية المعروفة بالمثالية الألمانية، الحركة التي تطورت من الكتابات النظرية والأخلاقية لإمانول كانت. كثيرا ما يقدم فيشته على أنه الشخص الذي كانت نماذج فلسفته جسرا بين أفكار كانت والمثالي الألماني هيغل. بدأ الفلاسفة والدارسون حديثا تقدير فيشته كفيلسوف هام في حد ذاته لأجل رؤاه المختلفة في طبيعة الوعي الذاتي والإدراك الذاتي. مثل ديكارت وكانت قبله كانت مشكلة الذاتية والوعي دافعا لتأمله الفلسفي. كتب فيشته أيضا في الفلسفة السياسية وينظر إليه من عديدين كأب القومية الألمانية. (ar) Ο Γιόχαν Γκότλιμπ Φίχτε (Johann Gottlieb Fichte, ΔΦΑˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə, 19 Μαΐου 1762 – 27 Ιανουαρίου 1814) ήταν Γερμανός φιλόσοφος. Υπήρξε ιδρυτική μορφή του φιλοσοφικού κινήματος που έμεινε γνωστό ως γερμανικός ιδεαλισμός και αναπτύχθηκε από τα θεωρητικά και ηθικά κείμενα του Ιμμάνουελ Καντ. Ο Φίχτε θεωρείται φιλόσοφος που γεφύρωσε τις ιδέες του Καντ, από τον οποίον άντλησε έμπνευση και του Γερμανού ιδεαλιστή Χέγκελ. Σχετικά πρόσφατα, φιλόσοφοι και ερευνητές άρχισαν να εκτιμούν τον Φίχτε ως σημαντικό φιλόσοφο αφεαυτού εξαιτίας των ενοράσεών του για τη φύση της ή αντίληψης του εαυτού. Όπως ο Ντεκάρτ και ο Καντ πριν από αυτόν, ασχολήθηκε με το πρόβλημα της υποκειμενικότητας και της συνείδησης. Ο Φίχτε έγραψε επίσης έργα πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας και θεωρείται ένας από τους πατέρες του στο ζήτημα κυρίως του δικαιώματος του αυτοπροσδιορισμού. (el) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (* 19. Mai 1762 in Rammenau, Kurfürstentum Sachsen; † 29. Januar 1814 in Berlin, Königreich Preußen) war ein deutscher Erzieher und Philosoph. Er gilt neben Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling und Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel als wichtigster Vertreter des Deutschen Idealismus. (de) Johann Gottlieb FICHTE [ˈjoːhan ɡɔtˈliːp ˈfiçtə] esperantigita Johano Gotlibo Fichte (naskiĝis la 19-an de majo 1762, mortis la 29-an de januaro 1814) estis germana filozofo, ano de la skolo de germana ideismo. Immanuel Hermann von Fichte estis filozofo teisma kaj pedagogo kaj filo de Johann Gottlieb Fichte. (eo) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (alemanez ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə ahoskatua; Rammenau, 1762ko maiatzaren 19a – Berlin, 1814ko urtarrilaren 27a) alemaniar filosofoa izan zen. Abertzalea izan zen politikan, eta idealista filosofian. egin zituen ikasketak (1774-1780), eta geroago Jenako (1780) eta Leipzigeko (1781-1784) unibertsitateetan. Kantek eragin handia izan zuen beregan. Fichtek Versuch einer Kritik aller Offenbarung (Errebelatze ororentzat kritika-saioa) idatzi zuen, eta Kanti bidali zion; hark ongi hartu zuen, eta argitaratzeko laguntza eskaini zion. 1792an kaleratu zen, baina Fichteren izenik gabe. Irakurleek Kantena zela uste izan zuten, eta Kantek gertatua argitu zuenean, Fichtek harrera ona izan zuen. Versuch liburuan, Fichtek lege morala aztertu zuen, eta lege horren jainkozko izaera. 1793an, bere izenik jarri gabe, Bertrag zur Berichtigung der Urteile des Publikuns über die französiche Revolution (Frantziako Iraultzaren arrazoiaz emandako iritzi publikoak hobeto azaltzeko ahalegina) lan politikoa argitaratu zuen. 1793tik 1806ra bi aro izan zituen: lehenengoan, batez ere, etika aztertu zuen, eta bigarrenean, mistika eta teologia. 1800. urtean Die Bestimmung des Menschen (Gizonaren bokazioa) argitaratu zuen, eta idealismoaren ezaugarriak azaldu zituen bertan: norbanakoaren egoa zela eskarmentuaren sorburua, eta ego absolutua edo nahi morala gauza guztien iturria zela zioen. Eragin handia izan zuen F. Schelling eta G.W. Hegelengan. Politikan egin zituen lanengatik ere ezaguna izan zen: 1808an abertzale liberalen buruzagi izan zen, eta 1848an iraultzako heroia. Fichteren beste zenbait lan: Die Grundzüge des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters (1806, Gaurko garaiko ezaugarriak), Die Anweisung zum seligen Leben, oder auch die Religionslehre (1806, Bizitza santuko bidea), Nachgelassene Werke (1807, Hil ondorengo lanak), Reden an die deutsche Nation (1922, Nazio germaniarrerako helbideak). (eu) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau, 19 de mayo de 1762-Berlín, 29 de enero de 1814) fue un filósofo alemán de gran importancia en la historia del pensamiento occidental. Como continuador de la filosofía crítica de Kant y precursor tanto de Schelling como de la filosofía del espíritu de Hegel, es considerado uno de los padres del llamado idealismo alemán. Es el creador de la tríada dialéctica en su terminología tesis-antítesis-síntesis, que suele atribuirse a Hegel, aunque este utilizó la denominación abstracto-negativo-concreto. (es) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (/ˈfɪktə/; German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]; 19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant. Recently, philosophers and scholars have begun to appreciate Fichte as an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel. Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers of German nationalism. (en) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (/ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə/), né le 19 mai 1762 à Rammenau, en Saxe, est mort le 27 janvier 1814 à Berlin, en Prusse, est un philosophe allemand du XIXe siècle. Il fut un des fondateurs du mouvement philosophique connu sous le nom d'idéalisme allemand, qui tira son origine des écrits théoriques et éthiques d'Emmanuel Kant. Émile Bréhier a défini la philosophie de Fichte dans son ensemble comme une « démonstration scientifique de la liberté ». (fr) Fealsamh Gearmánach ba ea Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 Bealtaine, 1762- 27 Eanáir, 1814) a bhain cáil amach mar an té a bhunaigh an ghluaiseacht fealsúnachta ar a dtugtar , a d'fhorbair as scríbhinní theoiriciúla agus eiticiúla Immanuel Kant. Le déanaí, tuigeann fealsúna agus scoláirí gur fealsamh tábhachtach ina cheart féin é Fichte, mar gheall ar a chuid léargas bunaidh ar nádúr na féinchomhfhiosachta nó na féinfheasachta. Ba thionscnóir Fichte den , an smaoineamh a luaiter leis go minic, go hearráideach i leith Hegel. Cosúil le Descartes agus Kant roimhe, spreag fadhb na suibiachtúlachta agus na comhfhiosachta é. Scríobh Fichte, freisin, faoin fhealsúnacht pholaitiúil; tá clú agus cáil air mar cheann de haithreacha an náisiúnachais Ghearmánaigh. (ga) Johann Gottlieb Fichte adalah seorang filsuf Jerman yang turut menjadi pionir dalam mengembangkan . Mazhab inilah yang memainkan peranan penting pada era pasca-Kant. Fichte lahir di Saxony pada tahun 1762. Ayahnya adalah seorang penyamak kulit di sebuah desa kecil. Pada tahun 1780, Fichte belajar teologi di Jena dan Leipzig. Dalam masa studinya, Fichte sudah dipengaruhi oleh gerakan Romantis, dan dalam filsafat dia dipengaruhi oleh determinisme Spinoza, sebelum pada gilirannya menolaknya. Suatu ketika, dalam kariernya sebagai seorang dosen di Zuerich, seorang mahasiswa memintanya untuk menjelaskan kritisisme Kant. Sejak saat itu, dia belajar Kant untuk pertama kalinya, bahkan sempat mengunjungi Kant di Koenigsberg. Karena tidak memiliki uang, Fichte berhenti dari studinya lalu bekerja sebagai guru pada beberapa keluarga kaya. Di sinilah, Fichte kemudian berkenalan dengan filsafat Kant yang amat mempengaruhinya. Fichte meninggal pada tahun 1814. Fichte memulai filsafatnya dengan kesadaran atau keyakinan subjek terhadap dirinya sendiri. Pengetahuan tentang segala sesuatu berawal dari kegiatan berpikir subjek yang merefleksikan dirinya sendiri. Jika kita mengamati diri sendiri, maka dengan sadar manusia akan melihat adanya gagasan-gagasan yang muncul dengan sendirinya. Sistem dari gagasan-gagasan tersebut disebut pengalaman. Menurut Fichte, hanya ada dua unsur dalam pengalaman manusia, yakni benda dan intelegensi (dalam bahasa Jerman Ding und Intelligenz). Benda atau objek adalah sasaran pengetahuan, sedangkan intelegensi adalah daya yang memungkinkan subjek mengarahkan diri kepada objek, untuk mengenali, dan menanggapi objek juga. (in) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (pronuncia tedesca [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]; Rammenau, 19 maggio 1762 – Berlino, 27 gennaio 1814) è stato un filosofo tedesco, continuatore del pensiero di Kant e iniziatore dell'idealismo tedesco. Le sue opere più famose sono la , e i Discorsi alla nazione tedesca, nei quali sosteneva la superiorità culturale del popolo tedesco incitandolo a combattere contro Napoleone. (it) 요한 고틀리프 피히테(Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762년 5월 19일 - 1814년 1월 27일)는 독일 철학자이다. 헤겔, 프리드리히 셸링과 더불어 독일 관념론을 대표하는 사상가이다. 철학사적으로는 (Die Wissenschaftslehre)을 주로 하였으며 칸트의 비판철학의 계승자 또는 칸트로부터 헤겔에로의 다리 역할을 한 철학자로 인정되고 있다. 단지 일반적으로는 통속철학의 저작이 유명하게 된 경우가 많아 당시 나폴레옹 1세에 점령되어 있던 베를린에서 행한 교육 등에 관한 강의록의 강의자로서 유명하게 되었다. (ko) ヨハン・ゴットリープ・フィヒテ（Johann Gottlieb Fichte ドイツ語: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]、1762年5月19日 - 1814年1月27日）は、ドイツの哲学者。先行のイマヌエル・カントの哲学に大きく影響を受け、のちのG.W.F.ヘーゲルやフリードリヒ・シェリングらに影響を与えたドイツ観念論の哲学者である。息子のイマヌエル・フィヒテ(通称:小フィヒテ)も哲学者。ナポレオン占領下のベルリンでの講演「ドイツ国民に告ぐ」で広く知られる。 (ja) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau bij Bischofswerda, 19 mei 1762 — Berlijn, 29 januari 1814) was een Duitse filosoof en redenaar. Fichte werd geïnspireerd door Immanuel Kant en wordt gezien als één van Kants meest getalenteerde aanhangers. Zijn werk valt tussen de kritiek van Kant en de geest van Hegel, maar tegenwoordig wordt hij steeds vaker gezien als de filosoof die het Duits Idealisme op een originele manier uitdroeg. Zijn zoon Immanuel werd theoloog en genoot later eveneens enige bekendheid als filosoof. (nl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (ur. 19 maja 1762 w Rammenau, zm. 29 stycznia 1814 w Berlinie) – jeden z trzech (obok Friedricha Schellinga i Georga Hegla) wielkich filozofów niemieckiego klasycznego idealizmu. (pl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte, född 19 maj 1762 i Rammenau nära Bischofswerda, Sachsen, död 27 januari 1814 i Berlin, var en tysk filosof, far till filosofen Immanuel Hermann Fichte. Fichte var tillsammans med Schelling och Hegel en av de ledande företrädarna för den tyska idealismen, och byggde med utgångspunkt från Kant ett omfattande och svårgenomträngligt filosofiskt system som han kallade (ty. Wissenschaftslehre). Systemets första utgångspunkt är ett "absolut jag" som inte förutsätter någon yttre verklighet, och utifrån detta absoluta jag konstruerar Fichte ett transcendentalt system som bland annat täcker kunskapsteori, moralfilosofi, rättsfilosofi och religionsfilosofi. (sv) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau, Saxônia, 19 de maio de 1762 — Berlim, 27 de janeiro de 1814) foi um filósofo alemão pós-kantiano e o primeiro dos grandes idealistas alemães. Sua obra é considerada como uma ponte entre as ideias de Kant e as de Hegel. Assim como Descartes e Kant, Fichte interessou-se pelo problema da subjetividade e da consciência. Também escreveu trabalhos de filosofia política e foi um dos fundadores do nacionalismo germânico, no contexto do expansionismo napoleônico, o que fez com que, frequentemente, fosse vinculado ao pan-germanismo - uma forma de nacionalismo étnico que, no final do século XIX, assumiria um caráter abertamente etnocêntrico e, afinal, tornar-se-ia um dos pilares da política externa de Heim ins Reich, adotada pela Alemanha Nazista a partir de 1938. (pt) 約翰·戈特利布·費希特（德語：Johann Gottlieb Fichte，1762年5月19日－1814年1月27日），德国哲学家。尽管他是自康德的著作发展开来的德国唯心主义哲学的主要奠基人之一，但他在西方哲学史上的重要性往往被轻视了。费希特往往被认为是连接康德和黑格尔两人哲学间的过渡人物。近些年来，由于学者们注意到他对自我意识的深刻理解而重新认识到他的地位。和在他之前的笛卡尔和康德一样，对于主观性和意识的问题激发了他的许多哲学思考。费希特也涉及政治哲学，他被一些人认为是德国国家主义之父。 (zh) Ио́ганн Го́тлиб Фи́хте (нем. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 19 мая 1762, Бишофсверда, Верхняя Лужица — 27 января 1814, Берлин) — немецкий философ. Один из представителей немецкого идеализма и основателей группы направлений в философии, которые развились из теоретических и этических работ Иммануила Канта. Фихте часто воспринимается как фигура, чьи философские идеи послужили мостом между идеями Канта и германского идеалиста Георга Вильгельма Фридриха Гегеля. Как у Декарта и у Канта, проблема объективности и сознания служила мотивом его философских размышлений. Фихте также писал работы по политической философии, и из-за этого он воспринимается некоторыми философами как отец немецкого национализма. (ru) Йо́ганн Ґо́тліб Фі́хте (нім. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762—1814) — німецький філософ, представник німецької класичної філософії. (uk) |
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| dbo:birthYear | 1762-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:deathDate | 1814-01-29 (xsd:date) |
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| dbo:era | dbr:18th-century_philosophy |
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| rdfs:comment | Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19. květen 1762 – 27. leden 1814) byl německý filosof a žák Immanuela Kanta. (cs) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (AFI: ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə) (Rammenau, 19 de maig de 1762 - Berlín, 27 de gener de 1814) fou un filòsof alemany de gran importància en la història del pensament occidental. Com a continuador de la filosofia crítica de Kant i precursor tant de Schelling com de la filosofia de l'esperit d'Hegel, és considerat un dels pares de l'anomenat idealisme alemany. És el creador de la tríade dialèctica en la seva terminologia tesi-antítesi-síntesi, que sol atribuir-se a Hegel, encara que aquest va utilitzar la denominació abstracte-negatiu-concret. (ca) يوهان غوتليب فيشته (بالألمانية: Johann Gottlieb Fichte) (1762–1814) فيلسوف ألماني.واحد من أبرز مؤسسي الحركة الفلسفية المعروفة بالمثالية الألمانية، الحركة التي تطورت من الكتابات النظرية والأخلاقية لإمانول كانت. كثيرا ما يقدم فيشته على أنه الشخص الذي كانت نماذج فلسفته جسرا بين أفكار كانت والمثالي الألماني هيغل. بدأ الفلاسفة والدارسون حديثا تقدير فيشته كفيلسوف هام في حد ذاته لأجل رؤاه المختلفة في طبيعة الوعي الذاتي والإدراك الذاتي. مثل ديكارت وكانت قبله كانت مشكلة الذاتية والوعي دافعا لتأمله الفلسفي. كتب فيشته أيضا في الفلسفة السياسية وينظر إليه من عديدين كأب القومية الألمانية. (ar) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (* 19. Mai 1762 in Rammenau, Kurfürstentum Sachsen; † 29. Januar 1814 in Berlin, Königreich Preußen) war ein deutscher Erzieher und Philosoph. Er gilt neben Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling und Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel als wichtigster Vertreter des Deutschen Idealismus. (de) Johann Gottlieb FICHTE [ˈjoːhan ɡɔtˈliːp ˈfiçtə] esperantigita Johano Gotlibo Fichte (naskiĝis la 19-an de majo 1762, mortis la 29-an de januaro 1814) estis germana filozofo, ano de la skolo de germana ideismo. Immanuel Hermann von Fichte estis filozofo teisma kaj pedagogo kaj filo de Johann Gottlieb Fichte. (eo) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau, 19 de mayo de 1762-Berlín, 29 de enero de 1814) fue un filósofo alemán de gran importancia en la historia del pensamiento occidental. Como continuador de la filosofía crítica de Kant y precursor tanto de Schelling como de la filosofía del espíritu de Hegel, es considerado uno de los padres del llamado idealismo alemán. Es el creador de la tríada dialéctica en su terminología tesis-antítesis-síntesis, que suele atribuirse a Hegel, aunque este utilizó la denominación abstracto-negativo-concreto. (es) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (/ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə/), né le 19 mai 1762 à Rammenau, en Saxe, est mort le 27 janvier 1814 à Berlin, en Prusse, est un philosophe allemand du XIXe siècle. Il fut un des fondateurs du mouvement philosophique connu sous le nom d'idéalisme allemand, qui tira son origine des écrits théoriques et éthiques d'Emmanuel Kant. Émile Bréhier a défini la philosophie de Fichte dans son ensemble comme une « démonstration scientifique de la liberté ». (fr) Fealsamh Gearmánach ba ea Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 Bealtaine, 1762- 27 Eanáir, 1814) a bhain cáil amach mar an té a bhunaigh an ghluaiseacht fealsúnachta ar a dtugtar , a d'fhorbair as scríbhinní theoiriciúla agus eiticiúla Immanuel Kant. Le déanaí, tuigeann fealsúna agus scoláirí gur fealsamh tábhachtach ina cheart féin é Fichte, mar gheall ar a chuid léargas bunaidh ar nádúr na féinchomhfhiosachta nó na féinfheasachta. Ba thionscnóir Fichte den , an smaoineamh a luaiter leis go minic, go hearráideach i leith Hegel. Cosúil le Descartes agus Kant roimhe, spreag fadhb na suibiachtúlachta agus na comhfhiosachta é. Scríobh Fichte, freisin, faoin fhealsúnacht pholaitiúil; tá clú agus cáil air mar cheann de haithreacha an náisiúnachais Ghearmánaigh. (ga) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (pronuncia tedesca [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]; Rammenau, 19 maggio 1762 – Berlino, 27 gennaio 1814) è stato un filosofo tedesco, continuatore del pensiero di Kant e iniziatore dell'idealismo tedesco. Le sue opere più famose sono la , e i Discorsi alla nazione tedesca, nei quali sosteneva la superiorità culturale del popolo tedesco incitandolo a combattere contro Napoleone. (it) 요한 고틀리프 피히테(Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762년 5월 19일 - 1814년 1월 27일)는 독일 철학자이다. 헤겔, 프리드리히 셸링과 더불어 독일 관념론을 대표하는 사상가이다. 철학사적으로는 (Die Wissenschaftslehre)을 주로 하였으며 칸트의 비판철학의 계승자 또는 칸트로부터 헤겔에로의 다리 역할을 한 철학자로 인정되고 있다. 단지 일반적으로는 통속철학의 저작이 유명하게 된 경우가 많아 당시 나폴레옹 1세에 점령되어 있던 베를린에서 행한 교육 등에 관한 강의록의 강의자로서 유명하게 되었다. (ko) ヨハン・ゴットリープ・フィヒテ（Johann Gottlieb Fichte ドイツ語: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]、1762年5月19日 - 1814年1月27日）は、ドイツの哲学者。先行のイマヌエル・カントの哲学に大きく影響を受け、のちのG.W.F.ヘーゲルやフリードリヒ・シェリングらに影響を与えたドイツ観念論の哲学者である。息子のイマヌエル・フィヒテ(通称:小フィヒテ)も哲学者。ナポレオン占領下のベルリンでの講演「ドイツ国民に告ぐ」で広く知られる。 (ja) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau bij Bischofswerda, 19 mei 1762 — Berlijn, 29 januari 1814) was een Duitse filosoof en redenaar. Fichte werd geïnspireerd door Immanuel Kant en wordt gezien als één van Kants meest getalenteerde aanhangers. Zijn werk valt tussen de kritiek van Kant en de geest van Hegel, maar tegenwoordig wordt hij steeds vaker gezien als de filosoof die het Duits Idealisme op een originele manier uitdroeg. Zijn zoon Immanuel werd theoloog en genoot later eveneens enige bekendheid als filosoof. (nl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (ur. 19 maja 1762 w Rammenau, zm. 29 stycznia 1814 w Berlinie) – jeden z trzech (obok Friedricha Schellinga i Georga Hegla) wielkich filozofów niemieckiego klasycznego idealizmu. (pl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte, född 19 maj 1762 i Rammenau nära Bischofswerda, Sachsen, död 27 januari 1814 i Berlin, var en tysk filosof, far till filosofen Immanuel Hermann Fichte. Fichte var tillsammans med Schelling och Hegel en av de ledande företrädarna för den tyska idealismen, och byggde med utgångspunkt från Kant ett omfattande och svårgenomträngligt filosofiskt system som han kallade (ty. Wissenschaftslehre). Systemets första utgångspunkt är ett "absolut jag" som inte förutsätter någon yttre verklighet, och utifrån detta absoluta jag konstruerar Fichte ett transcendentalt system som bland annat täcker kunskapsteori, moralfilosofi, rättsfilosofi och religionsfilosofi. (sv) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Rammenau, Saxônia, 19 de maio de 1762 — Berlim, 27 de janeiro de 1814) foi um filósofo alemão pós-kantiano e o primeiro dos grandes idealistas alemães. Sua obra é considerada como uma ponte entre as ideias de Kant e as de Hegel. Assim como Descartes e Kant, Fichte interessou-se pelo problema da subjetividade e da consciência. Também escreveu trabalhos de filosofia política e foi um dos fundadores do nacionalismo germânico, no contexto do expansionismo napoleônico, o que fez com que, frequentemente, fosse vinculado ao pan-germanismo - uma forma de nacionalismo étnico que, no final do século XIX, assumiria um caráter abertamente etnocêntrico e, afinal, tornar-se-ia um dos pilares da política externa de Heim ins Reich, adotada pela Alemanha Nazista a partir de 1938. (pt) 約翰·戈特利布·費希特（德語：Johann Gottlieb Fichte，1762年5月19日－1814年1月27日），德国哲学家。尽管他是自康德的著作发展开来的德国唯心主义哲学的主要奠基人之一，但他在西方哲学史上的重要性往往被轻视了。费希特往往被认为是连接康德和黑格尔两人哲学间的过渡人物。近些年来，由于学者们注意到他对自我意识的深刻理解而重新认识到他的地位。和在他之前的笛卡尔和康德一样，对于主观性和意识的问题激发了他的许多哲学思考。费希特也涉及政治哲学，他被一些人认为是德国国家主义之父。 (zh) Ио́ганн Го́тлиб Фи́хте (нем. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 19 мая 1762, Бишофсверда, Верхняя Лужица — 27 января 1814, Берлин) — немецкий философ. Один из представителей немецкого идеализма и основателей группы направлений в философии, которые развились из теоретических и этических работ Иммануила Канта. Фихте часто воспринимается как фигура, чьи философские идеи послужили мостом между идеями Канта и германского идеалиста Георга Вильгельма Фридриха Гегеля. Как у Декарта и у Канта, проблема объективности и сознания служила мотивом его философских размышлений. Фихте также писал работы по политической философии, и из-за этого он воспринимается некоторыми философами как отец немецкого национализма. (ru) Йо́ганн Ґо́тліб Фі́хте (нім. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762—1814) — німецький філософ, представник німецької класичної філософії. (uk) Ο Γιόχαν Γκότλιμπ Φίχτε (Johann Gottlieb Fichte, ΔΦΑˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə, 19 Μαΐου 1762 – 27 Ιανουαρίου 1814) ήταν Γερμανός φιλόσοφος. Υπήρξε ιδρυτική μορφή του φιλοσοφικού κινήματος που έμεινε γνωστό ως γερμανικός ιδεαλισμός και αναπτύχθηκε από τα θεωρητικά και ηθικά κείμενα του Ιμμάνουελ Καντ. Ο Φίχτε θεωρείται φιλόσοφος που γεφύρωσε τις ιδέες του Καντ, από τον οποίον άντλησε έμπνευση και του Γερμανού ιδεαλιστή Χέγκελ. Σχετικά πρόσφατα, φιλόσοφοι και ερευνητές άρχισαν να εκτιμούν τον Φίχτε ως σημαντικό φιλόσοφο αφεαυτού εξαιτίας των ενοράσεών του για τη φύση της ή αντίληψης του εαυτού. Όπως ο Ντεκάρτ και ο Καντ πριν από αυτόν, ασχολήθηκε με το πρόβλημα της υποκειμενικότητας και της συνείδησης. Ο Φίχτε έγραψε επίσης έργα πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας και θεωρείται ένας από τους πατέρες του στ (el) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (/ˈfɪktə/; German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]; 19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant. Recently, philosophers and scholars have begun to appreciate Fichte as an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel. Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers (en) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (alemanez ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə ahoskatua; Rammenau, 1762ko maiatzaren 19a – Berlin, 1814ko urtarrilaren 27a) alemaniar filosofoa izan zen. Abertzalea izan zen politikan, eta idealista filosofian. egin zituen ikasketak (1774-1780), eta geroago Jenako (1780) eta Leipzigeko (1781-1784) unibertsitateetan. Kantek eragin handia izan zuen beregan. Fichtek Versuch einer Kritik aller Offenbarung (Errebelatze ororentzat kritika-saioa) idatzi zuen, eta Kanti bidali zion; hark ongi hartu zuen, eta argitaratzeko laguntza eskaini zion. 1792an kaleratu zen, baina Fichteren izenik gabe. Irakurleek Kantena zela uste izan zuten, eta Kantek gertatua argitu zuenean, Fichtek harrera ona izan zuen. Versuch liburuan, Fichtek lege morala aztertu zuen, eta lege horren jainkozko izaera. 1 (eu) Johann Gottlieb Fichte adalah seorang filsuf Jerman yang turut menjadi pionir dalam mengembangkan . Mazhab inilah yang memainkan peranan penting pada era pasca-Kant. Fichte lahir di Saxony pada tahun 1762. Ayahnya adalah seorang penyamak kulit di sebuah desa kecil. Pada tahun 1780, Fichte belajar teologi di Jena dan Leipzig. Dalam masa studinya, Fichte sudah dipengaruhi oleh gerakan Romantis, dan dalam filsafat dia dipengaruhi oleh determinisme Spinoza, sebelum pada gilirannya menolaknya. Suatu ketika, dalam kariernya sebagai seorang dosen di Zuerich, seorang mahasiswa memintanya untuk menjelaskan kritisisme Kant. Sejak saat itu, dia belajar Kant untuk pertama kalinya, bahkan sempat mengunjungi Kant di Koenigsberg. Karena tidak memiliki uang, Fichte berhenti dari studinya lalu bekerja seba (in) |
| rdfs:label | يوهان غوتليب فيشته (ar) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (ca) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (cs) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (en) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (de) Γιόχαν Γκότλιμπ Φίχτε (el) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (eo) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (es) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (eu) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (ga) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (fr) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (in) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (it) ヨハン・ゴットリープ・フィヒテ (ja) 요한 고틀리프 피히테 (ko) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (pl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (nl) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (pt) Фихте, Иоганн Готлиб (ru) Johann Gottlieb Fichte (sv) Йоганн Ґотліб Фіхте (uk) 約翰·戈特利布·費希特 (zh) |
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| is dbp:author of | dbr:Foundations_of_the_Science_of_Knowledge |
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| is dbp:influences of | dbr:Allen_W._Wood dbr:Costanzo_Preve dbr:François_Laruelle dbr:Friedrich_Schleiermacher dbr:Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling dbr:Mário_Ferreira_dos_Santos dbr:Zaki_al-Arsuzi dbr:August_Ludwig_Hülsen dbr:Adam_Karl_August_von_Eschenmayer dbr:Nikolai_Stankevich dbr:Heinrich_Rickert dbr:Hermann_Lotze dbr:Hermann_von_Helmholtz dbr:Johann_Friedrich_Herbart dbr:Dieter_Henrich dbr:Immanuel_Hermann_Fichte dbr:Wolfgang_Cramer dbr:Martial_Gueroult dbr:Tom_Rockmore |
| is dbp:notableStudents of | dbr:Immanuel_Kant |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte |
