Fred M. Vinson (original) (raw)

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Frederick (Fred) Moore Vinson (* 22. Januar 1890 in Lawrence County, Kentucky; † 8. September 1953 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer demokratischer Politiker, Jurist, Finanzminister sowie der 13. Chief Justice of the United States.

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dbo:abstract فريدريك «فريد» مور فينسون (بالإنجليزية: Fred M. Vinson)‏ (22 يناير 1890 - 8 سبتمبر 1953) كان سياسي أمريكي ويعتبر من ، ويعتبر أكثر الأعضاء البارزين من عائلة فينسون السياسية. كان وزير الخزانة الأمريكي الثالث والخمسين في عهد الرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت ورئيس المحكمة العليا الثالث عشر. ولد فينسون في لويزا، كنتاكي وبدأ مسيرته القانونية في الجيش خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى. وبعد الحرب، شغل منصب محامي الكومنولث للمنطقة القضائية الثانية والثلاثين في كنتاكي قبل فوزه في انتخابات مجلس النواب الأمريكي في عام 1924. خسر عملية إعادة انتخابه في عام 1928 لكنه استعاد مقعده في عام 1930 وعمل في الكونغرس حتى عام 1937. وخلال فترة وجوده في الكونغرس، أصبح مستشارا مقربا من السيناتور هاري ترومان من ميزوري. عينه الرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت في محكمة الاستئناف الأمريكية لدائرة مقاطعة كولومبيا في عام 1937. استقال فينسون من محكمة الاستئناف في عام 1943، عندما أصبح مدير مكتب الاستقرار الاقتصادي. تولى ترومان الرئاسة بعد وفاة روزفلت في عام 1945، وقام بتعيين فينسون لمنصب وزير الخزانة. وتفاوض فينسون على دفع القرض الأنجلو - أمريكي وترأس إنشاء العديد من المنظمات بعد الحرب، بما في ذلك البنك الدولي للإنشاء والتعمير وصندوق النقد الدولي. توفي رئيس المحكمة العليا هارلان فيسك ستون في عام 1946، فقام ترومان بتعيين فينسون مكانه. حتى الآن، فينسون هو آخر رئيس للمحكمة يرشحه رئيس من الحزب الديمقراطي ويفوز بمنصبه. أدلى فينسون بمعارضته في قضية شركة يانغستون ضد سوير، والتي حكمت ضد استيلاء ترومان على مصانع الصلب في البلاد خلال الإضراب. أمر بإعادة النظر في قضية بريغز ضد إليوت، التي تم دمجها في النهاية في القضية المعروفة باسم براون ضد مجلس التعليم. توفي فينسون بسبب أزمة قلبية فجائية في عام 1953. (ar) Frederick M. Vinson (22. ledna 1890, , Kentucky – 8. září 1953, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a předseda Nejvyššího soudu USA. V 21 letech si založil právní praxi v rodném státě. Ve 33 letech se dostal do Kongresu USA a při prosazování Nového údělu získal politický vliv. V letech 1938 až 1943 působil jako soudce odvolacího soudu v hlavním městě Kentucky. V letech (1945 až 1946) byl . Dne 20. června 1946 byl potvrzen jako předseda Nejvyššího soudu USA. Ten pod jeho vedením vydal několik důležitých rozhodnutí proti rasové segregaci a mnoho stanovisek proti podvratným činnostem. Na základě americké tradice do jeho rukou složili přísahu dva prezidenti USA: * 20. ledna 1949 – Harry S. Truman * 20. ledna 1953 – Dwight D. Eisenhower (cs) Frederick (Fred) Moore Vinson (* 22. Januar 1890 in Lawrence County, Kentucky; † 8. September 1953 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer demokratischer Politiker, Jurist, Finanzminister sowie der 13. Chief Justice of the United States. (de) Frederick "Fred" Moore Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 13th chief justice of the United States from 1946 until his death in 1953. Vinson was one of the few Americans to have served in all three branches of the U.S. government. Before becoming chief justice, Vinson served as a U.S. Representative from Kentucky from 1924 to 1928 and 1930 to 1938, as a federal appellate judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1938 to 1943, and as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1945 to 1946. Born in Louisa, Kentucky, Vinson pursued a legal career and served in the U.S. Army during World War I. After the war, he served as the Commonwealth's Attorney for the Thirty-Second Judicial District of Kentucky before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1924. He lost re-election in 1928 but regained his seat in 1930 and served in Congress until 1937. During his time in Congress, he became an adviser and confidante of Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Vinson to be a judge on the D.C. Circuit. Vinson resigned from the appellate court in 1943, when he became the Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization. After Truman acceded to the presidency following Roosevelt's death in 1945, Truman appointed Vinson to the position of Secretary of the Treasury. Vinson negotiated the payment of the Anglo-American loan and presided over the establishment of numerous post-war organizations, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. After the death of Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone in 1946, Truman appointed Vinson to the Supreme Court. Vinson dissented in the case of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, which ruled against the Truman administration's control of the nation's steel mills during a strike. He ordered a rehearing of the Briggs v. Elliott case, which was eventually combined into the case known as Brown v. Board of Education. As of 2022, Vinson is the last Chief Justice to have been appointed by a Democratic president. (en) Frederick Moore Vinson, né le 22 janvier 1890 à Louisa (Kentucky) et mort le 8 septembre 1953 à Washington (district de Columbia), est un juriste et homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est représentant du Kentucky entre 1924 et 1929 puis entre 1931 et 1938, secrétaire du Trésor entre 1945 et 1946 dans l'administration du président Harry S. Truman et juge en chef des États-Unis entre 1946 et 1953. Il sert dans les trois branches du pouvoir américain : le législatif, l'exécutif et le judiciaire. (fr) Frederick Moore Vinson adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 24 Juni 1946. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 8 September 1953. (in) Frederick Moore Vinson (Louisa, 22 gennaio 1880 – Washington, 8 settembre 1953) è stato un politico e giurista statunitense. (it) 프레드릭 프레드 무어 빈슨(Fred M. Vinson, 1890년 1월 22일 ~ 1953년 9월 8일)은 미국 정부의 3권 분립 하에서 근무한 미국 정치인이었고 빈슨 정치가문에서 가장 저명한 일원이었다. 입법부에서, 그는 12년동안 루이주, 켄터키주에서 미국 하원의 일원으로 당선이 되었다. 행정부에서, 그는 해리.S.트루먼 대통령 하에 재무장관으로 일한 경력이 있다. 사법부에서, 1946년 당시 트루먼 대통령은 빈슨을 미국 13번째 미국 연방 대법원장으로 임명하여 1946년 6월 24일부터 1953년 9월 8일까지 미국의 대법원장을 지냈다. 그는 앞으로 인종 차별 철폐의 신호탄이 될 '브라운 판결(Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka)'은 바로 아이젠하워의 통치 기간인 1954년에 친공화당적인 프레드 빈슨의 대법원에 의해 내려졌던 것이다. (ko) フレデリック・ムーア・ヴィンソン(英語: Frederick Moore Vinson、1890年1月22日 – 1953年9月8日)は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。ケンタッキー州選出連邦下院議員、最高裁判所長官、財務長官などを歴任し、司法機関・立法機関・行政機関の3部門全てに務めた経歴を持つ。 (ja) Frederick "Fred" Moore Vinson (Louisa (Kentucky), 22 januari 1890 - Washington D.C., 8 september 1953) was de dertiende Opperrechter (Chief Justice) van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof. Vinson zetelde twaalf jaar, van 1924 tot 1929 en van 1931 tot 1938, als volksvertegenwoordiger voor Kentucky in het Amerikaans Huis van Afgevaardigden. Hij was lid van de Democratische Partij. In 1937 maakte hij de overstap van wetgevende naar rechterlijke macht en werd hij door president Franklin Delano Roosevelt benoemd als rechter bij het Hof van Beroep voor het circuit van het District of Columbia. In 1943 maakte hij de overstap naar de uitvoerende macht en werd hij directeur van het Office of Economic Stabilization. Van 1945 tot 1946 was hij Amerikaans minister van Financiën in het kabinet van president Harry S. Truman. In die positie was hij betrokken bij de oprichting van, en eerste voorzitter van zowel de International Bank for Reconstruction and Development als het Internationaal Monetair Fonds. Na het overlijden van Harlan Fiske Stone werd hij door president Harry Truman voorgedragen als rechter voor het Hooggerechtshof. De Amerikaanse Senaat stemde op 20 juni 1946 in met die benoeming. Hij nam de functie op op 22 juni dat jaar. Aan de orde tijdens zijn mandaat waren zaken van rassensegregatie, vakbonden, het communisme, spionage en de Koude Oorlog (met ook de bevestiging van het doodsvonnis van Julius en Ethel Rosenberg). Bij zijn overlijden behandelde het Hooggerechtshof net de zaak Briggs vs. Elliott. Als Opperrechter was hij betrokken bij de inauguratie van de presidenten Harry S. Truman (diens tweede termijn) en Dwight D. Eisenhower. (nl) Fred M. Vinson, właśc. Frederick Moore Vinson (ur. 22 stycznia 1890, zm. 8 września 1953) – amerykański prawnik, urzędnik administracji amerykańskiej, służył we wszystkich trzech rodzajach władzy w USA (ustawodawczej, wykonawczej i sądowniczej). Prezes Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych w latach 1946-1953. (pl) Frederick Moore Vinson (Louisa, 22 de janeiro de 1890 — Washington, DC, 8 de setembro de 1953) foi Secretário do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos, de 23 de julho de 1945 a 23 de junho de 1946, e Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos, de 5 de outubro de 1946 a 8 de setembro de 1953. (pt) Frederick Moore Vinson, född 22 januari 1890 i Lawrence County, Kentucky, USA, död 8 september 1953 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk demokratisk politiker och jurist. Vinson var ledamot av USA:s representanthus från Kentucky 1924-1929 och 1931-1938. Han invaldes i ett fyllnadsval 1924, som ordnades när William J. Fields hade blivit delstatens guvernör. 1928 förlorade han sin återvalskampanj, när han ansågs ha stått för nära det årets förlorande presidentkandidat Al Smith. Vinson återkom till kongressen två år senare. I kongressen blev han nära vän med partikamraten Harry S. Truman som var ledamot av USA:s senat från Missouri. Under åren var han en förtrogen rådgivare som spelade kort tillsammans med Truman. När Truman på 1950-talet lämnade presidentämbetet, försökte han övertala Vinson att ställa upp som presidentkandidat, men förgäves. 1938-1943 arbetade Vinson som domare i en federal appellationsdomstol. När Truman blev president år 1945, utnämnde han Vinson till USA:s finansminister. Efter ett år som finansminister blev han sedan utnämnd till chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol. Som kongressledamot, finansminister och chefsdomare hann Vinson utöva tre olika typer av makt enligt maktdelningsprincipen: lagstiftande, verkställande och dömande makt. När Vinson blev chefsdomare, var relationerna mellan domarna i USA:s HD dåliga. Vissa av domarna kunde inte ens tala med varandra. Vinson lyckades åtminstone på det personliga planet att få domarna att tala med varandra. De viktigaste frågorna under Vinsons tid i domstolen var rassegregationen, fackföreningsrörelsen, kommunismen och användningen av lojalitetseden i USA under McCarthyismen. När det gäller separate but equal-lagarna, ansåg Vinson att de delstater som praktiserade rassegregationen måste på riktigt erbjuda likvärdiga arrangemang för mörk- och ljushyade. När utrikesminister Dean Acheson under 1950 anklagades för att vara "mjuk mot kommunismen" så spekulerades det att han skulle byta jobb med Vinson så att Acheson skulle bli chefsdomare och Vinson utrikesminister men så skedde det inte. Efter att Truman hade beslutat sig för att inte ställa upp för omval 1952 erbjöd han Vinson den demokratiska presidentnomineringen men Vinson avböjde. Presidentnomineringen tillföll till slut Illinoisguvernören Adlai Stevenson som förlorade mot Eisenhower i det allmänna novembervalet. Vinson avled plötsligt i en hjärtattack 1953. Hittills har alla av Vinsons efterträdare som chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol utnämnts av republikanska presidenter. Han förestavade presidenteden för Harry Truman och Dwight Eisenhower. Eftersom Vinson sökte kompromisser i frågan om rassegregation, har många historiker ansett att hans död underlättade för efterträdaren Earl Warren att få igenom det historiska domslutet i fallet Brown v. Board of Education, som innebar slutet på segregationen i skolorna enligt separate but equal-doktrinen. Redan året efter Vinsons död ansåg domstolen nämligen att det var omöjligt att på riktigt erbjuda likvärdiga men skilda rasbaserade arrangemang när det gäller skolundervisningen. Vinson, som inte hade velat ha ett 5-4 beslut, hade efter den första behandlingen beordrat att fallet skulle höras på nytt inför högsta domstolen. (sv) 弗雷德里克·摩尔·文森(Frederick Moore Vinson,1890年1月22日-1953年9月8日),于1890年生於美國路易莎,在1953年9月8日於华盛顿逝世。美国律师、政治家,曾任第53任美国财政部长和第13任美国首席大法官。他是中最杰出的成员。 他出生在肯塔基州,在第一次世界大战期间从事法律工作并在军队服役。战后,他担任肯塔基州第三十二司法区联邦检察官,并于1924年赢得美国众议院的选举。1928年,他再次竞选失败,但1930年重新当选,并在国会任职至1937年。在国会任职期间,他成为密苏里州参议员哈里·S·杜鲁门的顾问和知己。1937年,罗斯福总统任命文森进入美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院。文森于1943年辞去了上诉法院的职务,成为经济稳定署主任。1945年罗斯福去世,杜鲁门就任总统后,杜鲁门任命文森担任财政部长。文森通过谈判偿还了英美贷款,并主持建立了许多战后组织,包括国际复兴开发银行和国际货币基金组织。 (zh) Фредерик Мур Винсон (англ. Frederick Moore Vinson; 22 января 1890 — 8 сентября 1953) — американский политик, 13-й главный судья США и 53-й министр финансов США. (ru)
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rdfs:comment Frederick (Fred) Moore Vinson (* 22. Januar 1890 in Lawrence County, Kentucky; † 8. September 1953 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer demokratischer Politiker, Jurist, Finanzminister sowie der 13. Chief Justice of the United States. (de) Frederick Moore Vinson, né le 22 janvier 1890 à Louisa (Kentucky) et mort le 8 septembre 1953 à Washington (district de Columbia), est un juriste et homme politique américain. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est représentant du Kentucky entre 1924 et 1929 puis entre 1931 et 1938, secrétaire du Trésor entre 1945 et 1946 dans l'administration du président Harry S. Truman et juge en chef des États-Unis entre 1946 et 1953. Il sert dans les trois branches du pouvoir américain : le législatif, l'exécutif et le judiciaire. (fr) Frederick Moore Vinson adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 24 Juni 1946. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 8 September 1953. (in) Frederick Moore Vinson (Louisa, 22 gennaio 1880 – Washington, 8 settembre 1953) è stato un politico e giurista statunitense. (it) 프레드릭 프레드 무어 빈슨(Fred M. Vinson, 1890년 1월 22일 ~ 1953년 9월 8일)은 미국 정부의 3권 분립 하에서 근무한 미국 정치인이었고 빈슨 정치가문에서 가장 저명한 일원이었다. 입법부에서, 그는 12년동안 루이주, 켄터키주에서 미국 하원의 일원으로 당선이 되었다. 행정부에서, 그는 해리.S.트루먼 대통령 하에 재무장관으로 일한 경력이 있다. 사법부에서, 1946년 당시 트루먼 대통령은 빈슨을 미국 13번째 미국 연방 대법원장으로 임명하여 1946년 6월 24일부터 1953년 9월 8일까지 미국의 대법원장을 지냈다. 그는 앞으로 인종 차별 철폐의 신호탄이 될 '브라운 판결(Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka)'은 바로 아이젠하워의 통치 기간인 1954년에 친공화당적인 프레드 빈슨의 대법원에 의해 내려졌던 것이다. (ko) フレデリック・ムーア・ヴィンソン(英語: Frederick Moore Vinson、1890年1月22日 – 1953年9月8日)は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。ケンタッキー州選出連邦下院議員、最高裁判所長官、財務長官などを歴任し、司法機関・立法機関・行政機関の3部門全てに務めた経歴を持つ。 (ja) Fred M. Vinson, właśc. Frederick Moore Vinson (ur. 22 stycznia 1890, zm. 8 września 1953) – amerykański prawnik, urzędnik administracji amerykańskiej, służył we wszystkich trzech rodzajach władzy w USA (ustawodawczej, wykonawczej i sądowniczej). Prezes Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych w latach 1946-1953. (pl) Frederick Moore Vinson (Louisa, 22 de janeiro de 1890 — Washington, DC, 8 de setembro de 1953) foi Secretário do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos, de 23 de julho de 1945 a 23 de junho de 1946, e Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos, de 5 de outubro de 1946 a 8 de setembro de 1953. (pt) 弗雷德里克·摩尔·文森(Frederick Moore Vinson,1890年1月22日-1953年9月8日),于1890年生於美國路易莎,在1953年9月8日於华盛顿逝世。美国律师、政治家,曾任第53任美国财政部长和第13任美国首席大法官。他是中最杰出的成员。 他出生在肯塔基州,在第一次世界大战期间从事法律工作并在军队服役。战后,他担任肯塔基州第三十二司法区联邦检察官,并于1924年赢得美国众议院的选举。1928年,他再次竞选失败,但1930年重新当选,并在国会任职至1937年。在国会任职期间,他成为密苏里州参议员哈里·S·杜鲁门的顾问和知己。1937年,罗斯福总统任命文森进入美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院。文森于1943年辞去了上诉法院的职务,成为经济稳定署主任。1945年罗斯福去世,杜鲁门就任总统后,杜鲁门任命文森担任财政部长。文森通过谈判偿还了英美贷款,并主持建立了许多战后组织,包括国际复兴开发银行和国际货币基金组织。 (zh) Фредерик Мур Винсон (англ. Frederick Moore Vinson; 22 января 1890 — 8 сентября 1953) — американский политик, 13-й главный судья США и 53-й министр финансов США. (ru) فريدريك «فريد» مور فينسون (بالإنجليزية: Fred M. Vinson)‏ (22 يناير 1890 - 8 سبتمبر 1953) كان سياسي أمريكي ويعتبر من ، ويعتبر أكثر الأعضاء البارزين من عائلة فينسون السياسية. كان وزير الخزانة الأمريكي الثالث والخمسين في عهد الرئيس فرانكلين روزفلت ورئيس المحكمة العليا الثالث عشر. (ar) Frederick M. Vinson (22. ledna 1890, , Kentucky – 8. září 1953, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a předseda Nejvyššího soudu USA. V 21 letech si založil právní praxi v rodném státě. Ve 33 letech se dostal do Kongresu USA a při prosazování Nového údělu získal politický vliv. V letech 1938 až 1943 působil jako soudce odvolacího soudu v hlavním městě Kentucky. V letech (1945 až 1946) byl . Dne 20. června 1946 byl potvrzen jako předseda Nejvyššího soudu USA. Ten pod jeho vedením vydal několik důležitých rozhodnutí proti rasové segregaci a mnoho stanovisek proti podvratným činnostem. (cs) Frederick "Fred" Moore Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 13th chief justice of the United States from 1946 until his death in 1953. Vinson was one of the few Americans to have served in all three branches of the U.S. government. Before becoming chief justice, Vinson served as a U.S. Representative from Kentucky from 1924 to 1928 and 1930 to 1938, as a federal appellate judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1938 to 1943, and as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1945 to 1946. (en) Frederick "Fred" Moore Vinson (Louisa (Kentucky), 22 januari 1890 - Washington D.C., 8 september 1953) was de dertiende Opperrechter (Chief Justice) van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof. Vinson zetelde twaalf jaar, van 1924 tot 1929 en van 1931 tot 1938, als volksvertegenwoordiger voor Kentucky in het Amerikaans Huis van Afgevaardigden. Hij was lid van de Democratische Partij. In 1937 maakte hij de overstap van wetgevende naar rechterlijke macht en werd hij door president Franklin Delano Roosevelt benoemd als rechter bij het Hof van Beroep voor het circuit van het District of Columbia. In 1943 maakte hij de overstap naar de uitvoerende macht en werd hij directeur van het Office of Economic Stabilization. Van 1945 tot 1946 was hij Amerikaans minister van Financiën in het kabinet van presiden (nl) Frederick Moore Vinson, född 22 januari 1890 i Lawrence County, Kentucky, USA, död 8 september 1953 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk demokratisk politiker och jurist. Vinson var ledamot av USA:s representanthus från Kentucky 1924-1929 och 1931-1938. Han invaldes i ett fyllnadsval 1924, som ordnades när William J. Fields hade blivit delstatens guvernör. 1928 förlorade han sin återvalskampanj, när han ansågs ha stått för nära det årets förlorande presidentkandidat Al Smith. Vinson återkom till kongressen två år senare. Han förestavade presidenteden för Harry Truman och Dwight Eisenhower. (sv)
rdfs:label فريدريك مور فينسون (ar) Frederick M. Vinson (cs) Fred M. Vinson (en) Fred M. Vinson (de) Frederick Moore Vinson (in) Fred M. Vinson (fr) Frederick Moore Vinson (it) 프레드 빈슨 (ko) フレデリック・ヴィンソン (ja) Fred M. Vinson (nl) Fred M. Vinson (pl) Frederick M. Vinson (pt) Fred M. Vinson (sv) Винсон, Фредерик Мур (ru) 弗雷德·文森 (zh)
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is dbp:justice of dbr:List_of_law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(Chief_Justice)
is dbp:name of dbr:List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_by_seat dbr:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit
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is dbp:predecessor of dbr:John_Wesley_Snyder dbr:Elva_R._Kendall dbr:Wilbur_Kingsbury_Miller dbr:Earl_Warren dbr:Joe_B._Bates
is dbp:prevClerk of dbr:List_of_law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(Chief_Justice)
is dbp:successor of dbr:William_J._Fields dbr:Harlan_F._Stone dbr:Henry_Morgenthau_Jr. dbr:James_F._Byrnes dbr:Charles_Henry_Robb
is dbp:treasury of dbr:Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman
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