| dbo:abstract |
George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia. In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Before reaching that point, he and some of his men, along with Mingo allies led by Tanacharison, ambushed a French scouting party. Its leader was killed, although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed. This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years' War. The French responded by attacking fortifications Washington erected following the ambush, forcing his surrender. Released on parole, Washington and his troops returned to Virginia. In 1755 he participated as a volunteer aide in the ill-fated expedition of General Edward Braddock, where he distinguished himself in the retreat following the climactic Battle of Monongahela. He served from 1755 until 1758 as colonel and commander of the Virginia Regiment, directing the provincial defenses against French and Indian raids and building the regiment into one of the best-trained provincial militias of the time. He led the regiment as part of the 1758 expedition of General John Forbes that successfully drove the French from Fort Duquesne, during which he and some of his companies were involved in a friendly fire incident. Unable to get a commission in the British Army, Washington then resigned from the provincial militia, married, and took up the life of a Virginia plantation owner. Washington gained valuable military skills during the war, acquiring tactical, strategic, and logistical military experience. He also acquired important political skills in his dealings with the British military establishment and the provincial government. His military exploits, although they included some notable failures, made his military reputation in the colonies such that he became a natural selection as the commander in chief of the Continental Army following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. His successes in military and political spheres during that conflict led to his election as the first President of the United States of America. (en) Джордж Вашингтон участвовал в Войне с французами и индейцами в качестве офицера ополчения колонии Вирджиния с 1754 по 1758 год. Это было первое участие в боевых действиях в его жизни. В 1753 году губернатор Динвидди отправил его в качестве посла британского королевства к индейцам и официальным лицам Франции в район озера Эри («Экспедиция в Огайо»), а на следующий год он возглавил вторую экспедицию, которая должна была возвести форт на месте современного Питтсбурга. В ходе экспедиции произошло столкновение с французским отрядом, в ходе которого командир отряда был убит, и это событие стало началом войны с Францией на Североамериканском континенте. Французы в ответ напали на построенный Вашингтоном форт Несессити и захватили в плен его самого. В 1755 году Вашингтон добровольцем участвовал в экспедиции Брэддока, где стал участником сражения при Мононгахиле и хорошо показал себя во время отступления. В 1755 году он возглавил Вирджинский полк, который смог превратить в самый боеспособный полк в Вирджинии. Во главе этого полка занимался обороной долины Шенандоа (1756—1757); в 1758 году он участвовал в экспедиции , в ходе которой французы были выбиты из форта Дюкен. Но Вашингтон не смог добиться офицерского звания в британской армии, поэтому уволился из ополчения, женился и стал вести жизнь плантатора. В ходе войны Вашингтон обрёл важные военные навыки: он получил представление о тактике, стратегии и военной логистике. Общаясь с колониальным правительством и британскими офицерами, он получил ценный дипломатический опыт. Он смог узнать сильные и слабые стороны британской армии. Своими достижениями он стал широко известен в колониях, поэтому о нём сразу вспомнили, когда встал вопрос о выборе командира Континентальной армии в 1775 году. (ru) |
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This portrait of Washington was painted in 1772 by Charles Willson Peale, and shows Washington in uniform as a colonel of the Virginia Regiment. The original hangs in Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. It is the earliest known depiction of Washington. (en) |
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George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia. In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Before reaching that point, he and some of his men, along with Mingo allies led by Tanacharison, ambushed a French scouting party. Its leader was killed, although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed. This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years' War. The French responded by (en) Джордж Вашингтон участвовал в Войне с французами и индейцами в качестве офицера ополчения колонии Вирджиния с 1754 по 1758 год. Это было первое участие в боевых действиях в его жизни. В 1753 году губернатор Динвидди отправил его в качестве посла британского королевства к индейцам и официальным лицам Франции в район озера Эри («Экспедиция в Огайо»), а на следующий год он возглавил вторую экспедицию, которая должна была возвести форт на месте современного Питтсбурга. В ходе экспедиции произошло столкновение с французским отрядом, в ходе которого командир отряда был убит, и это событие стало началом войны с Францией на Североамериканском континенте. Французы в ответ напали на построенный Вашингтоном форт Несессити и захватили в плен его самого. (ru) |
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George Washington in the French and Indian War (en) Участие Джорджа Вашингтона в войне с французами и индейцами (ru) |
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