Glutamate transporter (original) (raw)

About DBpedia

Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane. The family of glutamate transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family. In the brain, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft and extrasynaptic sites via glutamate reuptake into glial cells and neurons, while VGLUTs move glutamate from the cell cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. Glutamate transporters also transport aspartate and are present in virtually all peripheral tissues, including the heart, liver, testes, and bone. They exhibit stereoselectivity for L-glutamate but transport both L-aspartate and D-aspartate.

thumbnail

Property Value
dbo:abstract Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane. The family of glutamate transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family. In the brain, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft and extrasynaptic sites via glutamate reuptake into glial cells and neurons, while VGLUTs move glutamate from the cell cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. Glutamate transporters also transport aspartate and are present in virtually all peripheral tissues, including the heart, liver, testes, and bone. They exhibit stereoselectivity for L-glutamate but transport both L-aspartate and D-aspartate. The EAATs are membrane-bound secondary transporters that superficially resemble ion channels. These transporters play the important role of regulating concentrations of glutamate in the extracellular space by transporting it along with other ions across cellular membranes. After glutamate is released as the result of an action potential, glutamate transporters quickly remove it from the extracellular space to keep its levels low, thereby terminating the synaptic transmission. Without the activity of glutamate transporters, glutamate would build up and kill cells in a process called excitotoxicity, in which excessive amounts of glutamate acts as a toxin to neurons by triggering a number of biochemical cascades. The activity of glutamate transporters also allows glutamate to be recycled for repeated release. (en) Transporter glutamat (bahasa Inggris: Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters) merupakan permease dari kelompok neurotransmiter. Tanpa aktivitas transporter glutamat, asam glutamat akan mengendap dan mematikan sel dengan suatu proses yang disebut , suatu lintasan biokimia yang dipicu asam glutamat yang menjadi toksin terhadap neuron setelah difusinya pada transporter glutamat dihambat oleh sitokina TNF-α. Aktivitas transporter glutamat juga memungkinkan daur ulang asam glutamat untuk disekresi kembali. Cacat yang terjadi pada transporter ini akan menginduksi beberapa penyakit atau sindrom seperti:stroke/iskemia, epilepsi lobus temporal, Alzheimer, sklerosis lateral amiotrofik, penyakit Huntington, demesia yang terkait HIV-1, dan pertumbuhan . (in) グルタミン酸トランスポーター（グルタミンさんトランスポーター、英: glutamate transporter）は、膜を越えたグルタミン酸の輸送を担うファミリーである。グルタミン酸は、主要な興奮性神経伝達物質である。グルタミン酸トランスポーターファミリーは、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター (excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT) ファミリーと小胞型グルタミン酸トランスポーター (vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT) ファミリーの2つの主要なサブクラスから構成される。脳では、EAATはグリア細胞と神経細胞へのグルタミン酸のによって、シナプス間隙やシナプス外部位からグルタミン酸を除去する。一方、VGLUTは細胞質からシナプス小胞へのグルタミン酸の移動を担う。グルタミン酸トランスポーターはアスパラギン酸も輸送し、心臓、肝臓、精巣、骨を含む、事実上すべての末梢組織に存在している。グルタミン酸に関してはL-グルタミン酸に対する立体選択性を示すが、アスパラギン酸に関してはL-アスパラギン酸もD-アスパラギン酸も輸送が行われる。 EAATは二次性能動輸送を行う膜輸送体で、表面的にはイオンチャネルと類似している。これらの輸送体は、グルタミン酸を他のイオンとともに細胞膜を越えて輸送することで、細胞外空間のグルタミン酸濃度を調節する重要な役割を果たしている。活動電位によってグルタミン酸が放出された後、グルタミン酸トランスポーターは迅速に細胞外空間からグルタミン酸を除去して濃度を低下させ、神経伝達を終結させる。 グルタミン酸トランスポーターの活性が存在しない場合、グルタミン酸が蓄積して興奮毒性と呼ばれる過程で細胞死が起こる。過剰量のグルタミン酸は神経細胞に対する毒素として作用し、多数の生化学的カスケードを引き起こす。グルタミン酸トランスポーターの活性は、グルタミン酸をリサイクルして繰り返し放出することも可能にする。 (ja)
dbo:thumbnail wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Glutamate_reuptake_via_EAAT2_(GLT1).jpg?width=300
dbo:wikiPageID 4055903 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageLength 25013 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1118983851 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Proton dbr:Schizophrenia dbr:Electrochemical_gradient dbr:Membrane dbr:Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor dbr:Huntington's_disease dbr:Cytoplasm dbr:Cytosol dbc:Neurotransmitter_transporters dbr:Dopamine_transporter dbr:Inflammation dbr:Neurotransmitter dbr:Cocaine dbr:Glial_cells dbr:Brain dbr:Mitochondrion dbr:Synaptic_cleft dbr:Liver dbr:Microglia dbc:Membrane_proteins dbr:Action_potential dbr:Traumatic_brain_injury dbr:Ion_channel dbr:Adenosine_triphosphate dbr:Adjunct_therapy dbr:Alcohol_(drug) dbr:Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis dbc:Amphetamine dbc:Glutamate_(neurotransmitter) dbc:Solute_carrier_family dbr:Drug_cues dbr:Alzheimer's_disease dbr:Acidic dbr:Nicotine dbr:Nucleus_accumbens dbr:Central_nervous_system dbr:Glutamate_receptor dbr:Glutamate–glutamine_cycle dbr:Dendrites dbr:Kainate_receptor dbr:Heart dbr:Heroin dbr:Astrocyte dbr:Ischemia dbr:Testicle dbr:AMPA_receptor dbr:ATPase dbr:Biochemical_cascade dbr:Neurotransmitter_transporter dbr:VGLUT3 dbr:Auditory_system dbr:Axon_terminal dbr:Sodium dbr:Neurons dbr:Serotonin_transporter dbr:Synaptic_vesicle dbr:Neurodegenerative_disease dbr:Sialin dbr:Extracellular_space dbr:Relapse dbr:Oligodendrocyte dbr:Reuptake dbr:Secretion dbr:Excitotoxicity dbr:NMDA_receptor dbr:Spinal_cord dbr:SLC1A1 dbr:Motor_neuron dbr:SLC17A8 dbr:Norepinephrine_transporter dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_1 dbr:SLC1A2 dbr:Glutamate dbr:Astroglia dbr:SLC17A7 dbr:SLC1A3 dbr:Aspartate dbr:N-acetylcysteine dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transporter dbr:EAAT1 dbr:EAAT2 dbr:EAAT3 dbr:EAAT4 dbr:EAAT5 dbr:Antiporters dbr:Neuropathic dbr:ALS–parkinsonism_dementia_complex dbr:SLC17A6 dbr:VGLUT2
dbp:align right (en)
dbp:alt EAAT2 reuptake diagram (en)
dbp:caption This diagram shows the tissue distribution of glutamate transporter 1 in the brain. EAAT2 is responsible for over 90% of glutamate reuptake. (en)
dbp:direction vertical (en)
dbp:image Glutamate reuptake via EAAT2 .jpg (en)
dbp:width 450 (xsd:integer)
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Abbr dbt:Anchor dbt:Gene dbt:MeshName dbt:Multiple_image dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Neurotransmitter_transporters dbt:Membrane_transport_proteins dbt:Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators
dcterms:subject dbc:Neurotransmitter_transporters dbc:Membrane_proteins dbc:Amphetamine dbc:Glutamate_(neurotransmitter) dbc:Solute_carrier_family
gold:hypernym dbr:Family
rdf:type yago:WikicatNeurotransmitterTransporters yago:Artifact100021939 yago:Container103094503 yago:Conveyance103100490 yago:Instrumentality103575240 yago:MotorVehicle103791235 yago:Object100002684 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Self-propelledVehicle104170037 yago:Transporter104474035 yago:Truck104490091 yago:Vehicle104524313 yago:WheeledVehicle104576211 yago:Whole100003553
rdfs:comment Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane. The family of glutamate transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family. In the brain, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft and extrasynaptic sites via glutamate reuptake into glial cells and neurons, while VGLUTs move glutamate from the cell cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. Glutamate transporters also transport aspartate and are present in virtually all peripheral tissues, including the heart, liver, testes, and bone. They exhibit stereoselectivity for L-glutamate but transport both L-aspartate and D-aspartate. (en) Transporter glutamat (bahasa Inggris: Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters) merupakan permease dari kelompok neurotransmiter. Tanpa aktivitas transporter glutamat, asam glutamat akan mengendap dan mematikan sel dengan suatu proses yang disebut , suatu lintasan biokimia yang dipicu asam glutamat yang menjadi toksin terhadap neuron setelah difusinya pada transporter glutamat dihambat oleh sitokina TNF-α. Aktivitas transporter glutamat juga memungkinkan daur ulang asam glutamat untuk disekresi kembali. (in) グルタミン酸トランスポーター（グルタミンさんトランスポーター、英: glutamate transporter）は、膜を越えたグルタミン酸の輸送を担うファミリーである。グルタミン酸は、主要な興奮性神経伝達物質である。グルタミン酸トランスポーターファミリーは、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター (excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT) ファミリーと小胞型グルタミン酸トランスポーター (vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT) ファミリーの2つの主要なサブクラスから構成される。脳では、EAATはグリア細胞と神経細胞へのグルタミン酸のによって、シナプス間隙やシナプス外部位からグルタミン酸を除去する。一方、VGLUTは細胞質からシナプス小胞へのグルタミン酸の移動を担う。グルタミン酸トランスポーターはアスパラギン酸も輸送し、心臓、肝臓、精巣、骨を含む、事実上すべての末梢組織に存在している。グルタミン酸に関してはL-グルタミン酸に対する立体選択性を示すが、アスパラギン酸に関してはL-アスパラギン酸もD-アスパラギン酸も輸送が行われる。 (ja)
rdfs:label Transporter glutamat (in) Glutamate transporter (en) グルタミン酸トランスポーター (ja)
owl:sameAs freebase:Glutamate transporter yago-res:Glutamate transporter wikidata:Glutamate transporter dbpedia-id:Glutamate transporter dbpedia-ja:Glutamate transporter dbpedia-la:Glutamate transporter dbpedia-sh:Glutamate transporter dbpedia-sr:Glutamate transporter https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4jbqG
prov:wasDerivedFrom wikipedia-en:Glutamate_transporter?oldid=1118983851&ns=0
foaf:depiction wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Glutamate_reuptake_via_EAAT2_(GLT1).jpg
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Glutamate_transporter
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of dbr:EAAC1 dbr:EAAT dbr:VGLUT dbr:VGlut dbr:Excitatory_Amino-Acid_Transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter dbr:Glutamate_transporters dbr:Amino_acid_transport_system_x-ag dbr:GLT-1 dbr:Glutamate_plasma_membrane_transport_proteins dbr:VGLUTs dbr:VGluT dbr:VGluTs dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_protein_1 dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_protein_2 dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_proteins dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transporters dbr:EAATs dbr:Excitatory_Amino_Acid_Transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporters
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of dbr:Amino_acid_transporter dbr:Schizophrenia dbr:Dopamine_transporter dbr:Citicoline dbr:Moxidectin dbr:Theanine dbr:Bromocriptine dbr:WAY-213,613 dbr:Ion_transporter dbr:Glutamate_receptor dbr:Astrocyte dbr:EAAC1 dbr:EAAT dbr:Solute_carrier_family dbr:Neurotransmitter_transporter dbr:VGLUT dbr:VGlut dbr:Excitatory_Amino-Acid_Transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter dbr:Glutamate_transporters dbr:Methamphetamine dbr:Synaptic_vesicle dbr:Neuroimmune_system dbr:Neuronal_lineage_marker dbr:Neutral_amino_acid_transporter_A dbr:Neutral_amino_acid_transporter_B(0) dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_2 dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_3 dbr:Excitotoxicity dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_3 dbr:Trophosome dbr:Amino_acid_transport_system_x-ag dbr:GLT-1 dbr:Glutamate_plasma_membrane_transport_proteins dbr:VGLUTs dbr:VGluT dbr:VGluTs dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_protein_1 dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_protein_2 dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transport_proteins dbr:Vesicular_glutamate_transporters dbr:EAATs dbr:Excitatory_Amino_Acid_Transporter dbr:Excitatory_amino_acid_transporters
is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Glutamate_transporter