Golden Age of Bulgaria (original) (raw)
L'età d'oro della cultura bulgara è chiamato il periodo che va dalla cristianizzazione della Bulgaria alla fine del regno di Pietro I con l'invasione di Svjatoslav. Il termine fu introdotto poco prima della guerra di Crimea (1852) con l'opera omonima dello storico Spiridon Palauzov ed è ora ampiamente accettato. Questa è l'ora di Simeone I il Grande, il primo "zar" della storia. Questo è un periodo di prosperità e successo a tutto tondo: statale, militare e culturale. Questo periodo predetermina l'ulteriore sviluppo storico dell'Europa sud-orientale e orientale.
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| dbo:abstract | La Edad de oro de Bulgaria es el período de prosperidad cultural búlgara durante el reinado del emperador Simeón el Grande (889-927). El término fue acuñado por el historiador a mediados del siglo XIX. Simeón consiguió espectaculares éxitos militares y políticos, expandiendo el territorio búlgaro y obligando al Imperio bizantino a reconocer el título imperial de los monarcas búlgaros. La capital, Preslav, fue construida siguiendo el estilo bizantino para rivalizar con Constantinopla. Entre los edificios más notables de la ciudad estaban la Iglesia Redonda, también conocida como la Iglesia Dorada, y el palacio imperial. En esa época también fue creada la cerámica y pintura preslaviana, que seguía los modelos bizantinos más prestigiosos. Una crónica del siglo XI testificó que Simeón había construido Preslav en veintiocho años. Simeón reunió alrededor de sí mismo círculo el llamado círculo de Simeón, que incluía algunos de los autores literarios más destacados de Bulgaria en ese momento. Se afirma que el mismo Simeón estuvo activo como escritor: las obras que a veces se le acreditan incluyen el Zlatostruy (Corriente de oro) y dos colecciones de Simeón (Svetoslavian; el primero transcrito en 1234 y el segundo en 1299). Los géneros más importantes fueron edificantes encomios oratorios cristianos, vidas de santos, himnos y poesías, crónicas y relatos históricos. Las obras notables incluyen el por Juan el Exarca, el Evangelio Didáctico (incluyendo la Oración alfabética) por Constantino de Preslav, Un Relato sobre las Epístolas por Cernorizec Hrabar. Los nombres de los otros autores del círculo de Simeón fueron , Preste Juan y el pero ninguna de sus obras se conservan. (es) Als Goldenes Zeitalter wird in der bulgarischen Geschichtsschreibung die Zeit des kulturellen Wohlstands im ersten bulgarischen Staat von der Taufe der Bulgaren im Jahr 864 unter Knjaz Boris I. bis zum Tod von Zar Peter im Jahr 969 bezeichnet. Im engeren Sinne wird unter diesem Begriff die Herrschaft von Zar Simeon dem Großen von 913–927 verstanden. Dies war nicht nur eine Zeit militärischer Siege, sondern vor allem des kulturellen Aufschwungs mit der Einführung der neuen allslawischen Schrift (Glagolitische Schrift), der Erschaffung des kyrillischen Alphabets, der christlichen Literatur und des Wohlstands. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt stammt der Titel Zar, der fortan von den bulgarischen Herrscher verwendet wurde. Der Begriff für die historische Periode wurde 1852 vom Historiker Spiridon Palausow eingeführt und ist heute für die kulturelle Entwicklung Bulgariens in dieser Zeitspanne von drei Herrschern allgemein anerkannt. Aufgrund der Politik der drei bulgarischen Herrscher dieser Zeit wurde das Christentum als Religion und kulturpolitisches Modell in Südosteuropa und Osteuropa etabliert. Zu dieser Zeit wurden die meisten Bücher der Bibel ins Altbulgarische übersetzt, was das Muster der Tres linguae sacrae brach. * Die Große Basilika in Pliska * Die runde Kirche in Preslav * Schatz von Preslaw * , eine Sammlung von Worten von Johannes Chrysostomos (de) The Golden Age of Bulgaria is the period of the Bulgarian cultural prosperity during the reign of emperor Simeon I the Great (889—927). The term was coined by Spiridon Palauzov in the mid 19th century. During this period there was an increase of literature, writing, arts, architecture and liturgical reforms. Simeon I achieved spectacular military and political successes, expanding Bulgarian territory and forcing the Byzantine Empire to recognise the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs. The capital Preslav was built in Byzantine fashion to rival Constantinople. Among the city's most remarkable edifices were the Round Church, also known as the Golden Church, and the imperial palace. At that time was created and painted Preslavian pottery, which followed the most prestigious Byzantine models. A chronicle of the 11th century testified that Simeon I had built Preslav for 28 years. Simeon I gathered around himself the so-called Simeon's circle, that included some of the most prominent literary authors in medieval Bulgaria. Simeon I himself is alleged to have been active as a writer: works that are sometimes credited to him include Zlatostruy (Golden stream) and two of Simeon (Svetoslavian) collections (first in transcript of 1234, and the second - in 1299). The most important genres were Christian edifying oratory eulogies, lives of saints, anthems and poetry, chronicles, and historical narratives. Remarkable works include Hexameron by John Exarch, (including the ) by Constantine of Preslav, An Account of Letters by Chernorizets Hrabar. The names of the other authors of Simeon circuit were , Prester John and but none of their works are preserved. They were all venerating the liturgy in Old Bulgarian language and the Cyrillic script created in Bulgaria few years before the reign of Simeon I, during the reign of his father Boris I of Bulgaria. Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav created (or rather compiled) the new alphabet which was called Cyrillic and was declared the official alphabet in Bulgaria in 893. The Old Bulgarian, also called Old Church Slavonic, language was declared as official in the same year. In the following centuries the liturgy in Bulgarian language and alphabet were adopted by many other Slavic peoples and counties. (en) L'età d'oro della cultura bulgara è chiamato il periodo che va dalla cristianizzazione della Bulgaria alla fine del regno di Pietro I con l'invasione di Svjatoslav. Il termine fu introdotto poco prima della guerra di Crimea (1852) con l'opera omonima dello storico Spiridon Palauzov ed è ora ampiamente accettato. Questa è l'ora di Simeone I il Grande, il primo "zar" della storia. Questo è un periodo di prosperità e successo a tutto tondo: statale, militare e culturale. Questo periodo predetermina l'ulteriore sviluppo storico dell'Europa sud-orientale e orientale. (it) A Idade de Ouro da cultura búlgara medieval é chamada de época de Cristianização da Bulgária 865/866 a Guerra rus'-bizantina de 970–971. O termo foi introduzido por Spiridon Palauzov em 1852. Esta é uma época de excepcional prosperidade da Bulgária, cujas conquistas dão um reflexo completo na Europa durante a Idade Média. (pt) Золотой век Симеона (болг. Златен век) — период расцвета болгарской культуры, пик которой приходится на годы правления царя Симеона. Термин введен в XIX веке Спиридоном Палаузовым. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | L'età d'oro della cultura bulgara è chiamato il periodo che va dalla cristianizzazione della Bulgaria alla fine del regno di Pietro I con l'invasione di Svjatoslav. Il termine fu introdotto poco prima della guerra di Crimea (1852) con l'opera omonima dello storico Spiridon Palauzov ed è ora ampiamente accettato. Questa è l'ora di Simeone I il Grande, il primo "zar" della storia. Questo è un periodo di prosperità e successo a tutto tondo: statale, militare e culturale. Questo periodo predetermina l'ulteriore sviluppo storico dell'Europa sud-orientale e orientale. (it) A Idade de Ouro da cultura búlgara medieval é chamada de época de Cristianização da Bulgária 865/866 a Guerra rus'-bizantina de 970–971. O termo foi introduzido por Spiridon Palauzov em 1852. Esta é uma época de excepcional prosperidade da Bulgária, cujas conquistas dão um reflexo completo na Europa durante a Idade Média. (pt) Золотой век Симеона (болг. Златен век) — период расцвета болгарской культуры, пик которой приходится на годы правления царя Симеона. Термин введен в XIX веке Спиридоном Палаузовым. (ru) Als Goldenes Zeitalter wird in der bulgarischen Geschichtsschreibung die Zeit des kulturellen Wohlstands im ersten bulgarischen Staat von der Taufe der Bulgaren im Jahr 864 unter Knjaz Boris I. bis zum Tod von Zar Peter im Jahr 969 bezeichnet. Im engeren Sinne wird unter diesem Begriff die Herrschaft von Zar Simeon dem Großen von 913–927 verstanden. Dies war nicht nur eine Zeit militärischer Siege, sondern vor allem des kulturellen Aufschwungs mit der Einführung der neuen allslawischen Schrift (Glagolitische Schrift), der Erschaffung des kyrillischen Alphabets, der christlichen Literatur und des Wohlstands. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt stammt der Titel Zar, der fortan von den bulgarischen Herrscher verwendet wurde. (de) The Golden Age of Bulgaria is the period of the Bulgarian cultural prosperity during the reign of emperor Simeon I the Great (889—927). The term was coined by Spiridon Palauzov in the mid 19th century. During this period there was an increase of literature, writing, arts, architecture and liturgical reforms. (en) La Edad de oro de Bulgaria es el período de prosperidad cultural búlgara durante el reinado del emperador Simeón el Grande (889-927). El término fue acuñado por el historiador a mediados del siglo XIX. (es) |
| rdfs:label | Goldenes Zeitalter der mittelalterlichen bulgarischen Kultur (de) Edad de oro de la cultura medieval búlgara (es) Golden Age of Bulgaria (en) Età d'oro della cultura bulgara (it) Золотой век Симеона (ru) Idade de Ouro da cultura medieval búlgara (pt) |
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