HIV/AIDS in Africa (original) (raw)
HIV/AIDS je hlavním problémem veřejného zdraví, a také nejčastější příčinou úmrtí v Africe. Přestože je Afrika domovem 14,5% obyvatel Země, odhaduje se, že na tomto kontinentě žije 67% všech nakažených. V Africe se v roce 2009 úmrtnost na AIDS pohybovala okolo 72%.
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| dbo:abstract | فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب / الإيدز هو مصدر قلق كبير وسبب للوفاة في أجزاء كثيرة من أفريقيا. رغم أن القارة تضم نحو 15.2% من سكان العالم فإن جنوب الصحراء الكبرى في أفريقيا تمثل نحو 69% من مرضى نقص المناعة المكتسب، و 70 في المئة من مجموع وفيات الإيدز في عام 2011. في دول شمال أفريقيا لديهم أقل معدلات المرض انتشارا، حيث أن سكانها يشاركون عادة في أنماط ثقافية التي تقلل من انتشار المرض وذلك عكس ما قامت به دول الصحراء الكبرى في أفريقيا. أفريقيا الجنوبية هي المنطقة الأكثر تضررا في القارة. اعتبارا من عام 2011، أصاب فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب لا يقل عن 10% من السكان في بوتسوانا وليسوتو وملاوي وموزامبيق وناميبيا وجنوب أفريقيا وسوازيلاند وزامبيا وزيمبابوي. ولذلك، تم إطلاق عدد من المبادرات في مختلف أنحاء القارة لتثقيف الجمهور بشأن فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب / الإيدز.ومن بين هذه البرامج ، وتعتبر هذه المبادرة الأكثر فعالية، والامتناع عن ممارسة الجنس واستخدام الواقي الذكري، وبرامج التوعية في مؤسسة فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب لديزموند توتو. ووفقا لتقرير خاص سنة 2013 الصادر عن برنامج الأمم المتحدة المشترك المعني بفيروس العوز المناعي البشري/الإيدز، أن عدد الأشخاص المصابين بفيروس الإيدز في أفريقيا يتلقون العلاج في عام 2012 أكثر من سبعة أضعاف عدد من يتلقون العلاج في عام 2005. في عام 2011 كان عدد الوفيات في جنوب الصحراء الكبرى 15 حالة وفاة أقل بنسبة 33 في المائة من العدد في عام 2005 بلغ عدد الإصابات الجديدة بالفيروس في جنوب الصحراء الكبرى بافريقيا في عام 2011 أقل بنسبة 25٪ في عام 2001 (ar) HIV/AIDS je hlavním problémem veřejného zdraví, a také nejčastější příčinou úmrtí v Africe. Přestože je Afrika domovem 14,5% obyvatel Země, odhaduje se, že na tomto kontinentě žije 67% všech nakažených. V Africe se v roce 2009 úmrtnost na AIDS pohybovala okolo 72%. (cs) Afrika südlich der Sahara ist die weltweit am schwersten von der HIV-Epidemie getroffene Region: 2014 lebten mit 25,8 Millionen HIV-positiver Menschen 70 % aller Menschen mit HIV/AIDS in Subsahara-Afrika; dort kam es zu 66 % (790.000) aller HIV-bedingten Todesfälle. 1,4 Millionen wurden neu infiziert. Im Vergleich zum Jahr 2000 hat sich die Anzahl der Neuinfektionen im Jahr 2014 um 41 % reduziert. Laut dem Gemeinsamen Programm der Vereinten Nationen für HIV/Aids (UNAIDS) ging die Anzahl der durch AIDS verursachten Todesfälle im Zeitraum 2000–2014 um 34 % zurück. Die AIDS-Epidemie hatte dramatische demografische Folgen: In einigen Ländern ist durch die Immunschwäche die Lebenserwartung um mehr als 20 Jahre gesunken. In vielen Ländern ist die Lebenserwartung inzwischen jedoch wieder deutlich angestiegen, so zum Beispiel in Südafrika, wo die Lebenserwartung zwischen 2005 und 2014 von 52 auf 61 Jahre anstieg. Innerhalb Afrikas unterscheidet sich Nordafrika (0,1 %) hinsichtlich des Anteils der Infizierten an der Gesamtbevölkerung (Prävalenz) deutlich von Subsahara-Afrika (4,8 %). Die Hauptübertragungswege von HIV unterscheiden sich grundlegend von denen in Europa und Nordamerika: Der heterosexuelle Geschlechtsverkehr ist in Afrika mit etwa 50 % der HIV-Infektionen der weitaus häufigste Übertragungsweg. Zu weiteren 5 bis 10 % der Ansteckungen kommt es durch infizierte Bluttransfusionen. Die Übertragung des Virus von HIV-positiven, schwangeren Frauen auf ihre Neugeborenen während der Schwangerschaft, der Geburt und der Stillzeit ist ein wichtiger Ansteckungsweg: Im Jahr 2014 übertrugen infizierte Schwangere das HI-Virus mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 14 % auf ihr Kind (Mother to child transmission – MTCT). Die Hälfte von ihnen stirbt im ersten Lebensjahr, die meisten anderen vor dem fünften Geburtstag. (de) HIV/AIDS originated in Africa in the early 20th century and is a major public health concern and cause of death in many African countries. AIDS rates vary significantly between countries, though the majority of cases are concentrated in Southern Africa. Although the continent is home to about 15.2 percent of the world's population, more than two-thirds of the total infected worldwide – some 35 million people – were Africans, of whom 15 million have already died. Sub-Saharan Africa alone accounted for an estimated 69 percent of all people living with HIV and 70 percent of all AIDS deaths in 2011. In the countries of sub-Saharan Africa most affected, AIDS has raised death rates and lowered life expectancy among adults between the ages of 20 and 49 by about twenty years. Furthermore, the life expectancy in many parts of Africa is declining, largely as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with life-expectancy in some countries reaching as low as thirty-nine years. Countries in North Africa and the Horn of Africa have significantly lower prevalence rates, as their populations typically engage in fewer high-risk cultural patterns that promote the spread of the virus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Southern Africa is the worst affected region on the continent. As of 2011, HIV has infected at least 10 percent of the population in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In response, a number of initiatives have been launched in various parts of the continent to educate the public on HIV/AIDS. Among these are combination prevention programs, considered to be the most effective initiative, such as the abstinence, be faithful, use a condom campaign or the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation's outreach programs. The number of HIV positive people in Africa receiving anti-retroviral treatment in 2012 was over seven times the number receiving treatment in 2005, with nearly 1 million added in the previous year. The number of AIDS-related deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2011 was 33 percent less than the number in 2005. In 2011, new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa decreased by 25 percent from 2001. An estimated 420 000 [340 000−530 000] people died in the African Region from HIV-related causes in 2021, which indicates that mortality has dropped by almost 55% since 2010. It reported that 1.1 million people have been newly infected with HIV in 2018. (en) El VIH/sida en África es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública y causa de muerte. Aunque el África subsahariana está habitada por alrededor del 12% de la población mundial, se estima que más del 67% de las personas que vivían con VIH en el mundo en 2007 residían en África subsahariana y que el 72% de las muertes relacionadas con el sida en el mundo en 2007 ocurrieron en África subsahariana. (es) HIV/AIDS di Afrika adalah epidemik virus HIV/AIDS yang meluas di negara-negara yang berada di benua Afrika yang penyebarannya bervariasi satu sama lainnya. Walaupun penyebaran penyakit ini tidak hanya di Afrika, tetapi nyatanya Afrika adalah daerah yang paling terpengaruh dari penyebaran virus ini. Benua Afrika didiami oleh 10% dari jumlah populasi dunia namun pada saat yang sama 60% dari jumlah populasinya mengidap AIDS. (in) L'Afrique est le continent le plus touché par l'épidémie de sida. En 2011, 69 % des cas et 70 % des décès occasionnés par la maladie ont eu lieu dans la région. (fr) La diffusione dell'HIV, virus responsabile dell'endemia di AIDS, in Africa, avviene in modi molteplici e di diversa natura. L'Africa è il continente più colpito dal virus, ma non per questo si può parlare di una singola epidemia africana. Nonostante solamente il 12% della popolazione mondiale viva in Africa, si stima che ben il 60% delle persone malate di AIDS viva nel continente. La combinazione di HIV e tubercolosi è la maggior causa di morti tra gli infetti nei paesi subsahariani; ma questa combinazione di virus non è assolutamente limitata all'Africa: la tubercolosi è la malattia infettiva che uccide il maggior numero di donne in età riproduttiva nel mondo, e il maggior numero di persone affette da HIV o AIDS. (it) 아프리카에서 HIV/AIDS는 20세기 초부터 전염되기 시작하여 여러 아프리카 대륙의 국가에 가장 중요한 보건문제이자 사망 원인으로 취급받고 있다. 2021년 기준 아프리카의 HIV 감염자 수는 약 2000만명에 달한다. 아프리카 대륙의 전체적인 에이즈 발병률이 높긴 하지만 아프리카 내 대부분의 감염자가 남아프리카에 집중되어 있다. 아프리카 대륙에는 세계 인구의 15.2%만 살고 있지만, 전 세계 HIV 감염자의 2/3 이상인 약 3,500만명이 아프리카 대륙 사람이며, 이 중 1,500만명이 HIV 관련 질병으로 사망하였다. 사하라 이남 아프리카의 감염자들은 2011년 기준 전 세계 HIV 감염자의 약 69%와 모든 에이즈 사망자의 70%를 차지했다. 사하라 이남 아프리카에서는 에이즈의 영향을 크게 받아 에이즈만으로 사망률이 증가했으며 20세에서 49세 사이 성인의 기대수명이 20년 가까이 낮아졌다. 게다가 이 현상은 사하라 이남 아프리카에서만 국한되지 않고 아프리카 대륙의 많은 국가에도 번져 일부 국가에서는 HIV/AIDS 유행으로 기대 수명이 34세까지 내려가는 등 아프리카의 많은 국가에서 기대수명이 줄어드는 원인으로 꼽히고 있다. 북아프리카와 아프리카의 뿔에 있는 국가들은 바이러스를 빠르게 퍼뜨리는 위험한 행동을 하는 문화가 사하라 이남 아프리카에 비해 적기 때문에 유병률도 현저히 낮다. 아프리카에서는 남아프리카가 HIV/AIDS로 인한 피해가 제일 크다. 2011년 기준 보츠와나, 레소토, 말라위, 모잠비크, 나미비아, 남아프리카 공화국, 에스와티니, 잠비아, 짐바브웨에서 인구의 최소 10%가 HIV에 감염된 상태다. HIV 유행에 대응해 아프리카 대륙 곳곳에서 대중들에게 HIV/AIDS에 대한 정보를 교육하는 여러 계획이 시작되었다. 그 중에는 (ABC 전략)이나 데즈먼드 투투 HIV 재단의 봉사 프로그램과 같이 효과적이라고 평가받는 HIV 감염 예방 프로그램도 있다. 2012년 기준 항레트로바이러스 치료(HAART)를 받은 아프리카의 HIV 양성 환자 수는 2005년 치료를 받은 환자 수의 7배가 넘어 전 해에만 백만 명이 추가로 치료를 받기 시작했다. 사하라 이남 아프리카의 에이즈 관련 질병으로 사망한 수는 2011년 기준 2005년보다 33% 적었으며, 2011년 사하라 이남 아프리카의 새로운 HIV 감염 건수는 2001년 수치보다 25% 적었다. (ko) Hiv och aids är sedan 1980-talet ett stort problem i Afrika, framför allt i det Subsahariska Afrika. 67 % av världens hiv- smittade bor i området, vilket motsvarar ungefär 25,5 miljoner människor. (sv) HIV/AIDS é um importante problema de saúde pública e causa milhões de mortes em muitas partes da África. Embora o continente seja o lar de cerca de 15,2 por cento da população do mundo, a África subsaariana sozinha respondeu por cerca de 69% de todas as pessoas que viviam com o HIV e 70% de todas as mortes causadas pela doença em 2011. Os países do Norte e do Nordeste da África têm taxas de prevalência de infectados significativamente mais baixas, visto que suas populações tipicamente envolvem-se em menos padrões culturais de alto risco que têm sido implicados na propagação do vírus na África subsaariana. A África Austral é a região mais afetada no continente. Em 2011, o HIV havia infectado ao menos 10 por cento da população de África do Sul, Botswana, Lesoto, Malawi, Moçambique, Namíbia, Essuatíni, Zâmbia e Zimbabwe. Em resposta, uma série de iniciativas foram lançadas em várias partes do continente para educar o público sobre HIV/AIDS. Entre elas estão programas de prevenção combinada, considerada a iniciativa mais eficaz, abstinência sexual, fidelidade, uso de preservativos e programas de apoio a portadores da fundação de Desmond Tutu. De acordo com um relatório especial de 2013, emitido pelo Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas sobre HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), o número de pessoas infectadas com o vírus HIV na África a receber tratamento antirretroviral em 2012 era de mais de sete vezes superior ao número registrado em 2005. Além disso, o número de mortes relacionadas com a AIDS na África subsaariana em 2011 foi de 33 por cento menor do que o número em 2005, enquanto que o número de novos casos de infecções por HIV infecções na região em 2011 foi 25 por cento menor do que o registrado em 2001. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | HIV/AIDS je hlavním problémem veřejného zdraví, a také nejčastější příčinou úmrtí v Africe. Přestože je Afrika domovem 14,5% obyvatel Země, odhaduje se, že na tomto kontinentě žije 67% všech nakažených. V Africe se v roce 2009 úmrtnost na AIDS pohybovala okolo 72%. (cs) El VIH/sida en África es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública y causa de muerte. Aunque el África subsahariana está habitada por alrededor del 12% de la población mundial, se estima que más del 67% de las personas que vivían con VIH en el mundo en 2007 residían en África subsahariana y que el 72% de las muertes relacionadas con el sida en el mundo en 2007 ocurrieron en África subsahariana. (es) HIV/AIDS di Afrika adalah epidemik virus HIV/AIDS yang meluas di negara-negara yang berada di benua Afrika yang penyebarannya bervariasi satu sama lainnya. Walaupun penyebaran penyakit ini tidak hanya di Afrika, tetapi nyatanya Afrika adalah daerah yang paling terpengaruh dari penyebaran virus ini. Benua Afrika didiami oleh 10% dari jumlah populasi dunia namun pada saat yang sama 60% dari jumlah populasinya mengidap AIDS. (in) L'Afrique est le continent le plus touché par l'épidémie de sida. En 2011, 69 % des cas et 70 % des décès occasionnés par la maladie ont eu lieu dans la région. (fr) La diffusione dell'HIV, virus responsabile dell'endemia di AIDS, in Africa, avviene in modi molteplici e di diversa natura. L'Africa è il continente più colpito dal virus, ma non per questo si può parlare di una singola epidemia africana. Nonostante solamente il 12% della popolazione mondiale viva in Africa, si stima che ben il 60% delle persone malate di AIDS viva nel continente. La combinazione di HIV e tubercolosi è la maggior causa di morti tra gli infetti nei paesi subsahariani; ma questa combinazione di virus non è assolutamente limitata all'Africa: la tubercolosi è la malattia infettiva che uccide il maggior numero di donne in età riproduttiva nel mondo, e il maggior numero di persone affette da HIV o AIDS. (it) Hiv och aids är sedan 1980-talet ett stort problem i Afrika, framför allt i det Subsahariska Afrika. 67 % av världens hiv- smittade bor i området, vilket motsvarar ungefär 25,5 miljoner människor. (sv) فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب / الإيدز هو مصدر قلق كبير وسبب للوفاة في أجزاء كثيرة من أفريقيا. رغم أن القارة تضم نحو 15.2% من سكان العالم فإن جنوب الصحراء الكبرى في أفريقيا تمثل نحو 69% من مرضى نقص المناعة المكتسب، و 70 في المئة من مجموع وفيات الإيدز في عام 2011. ولذلك، تم إطلاق عدد من المبادرات في مختلف أنحاء القارة لتثقيف الجمهور بشأن فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب / الإيدز.ومن بين هذه البرامج ، وتعتبر هذه المبادرة الأكثر فعالية، والامتناع عن ممارسة الجنس واستخدام الواقي الذكري، وبرامج التوعية في مؤسسة فيروس نقص المناعة المكتسب لديزموند توتو. (ar) Afrika südlich der Sahara ist die weltweit am schwersten von der HIV-Epidemie getroffene Region: 2014 lebten mit 25,8 Millionen HIV-positiver Menschen 70 % aller Menschen mit HIV/AIDS in Subsahara-Afrika; dort kam es zu 66 % (790.000) aller HIV-bedingten Todesfälle. 1,4 Millionen wurden neu infiziert. Im Vergleich zum Jahr 2000 hat sich die Anzahl der Neuinfektionen im Jahr 2014 um 41 % reduziert. Innerhalb Afrikas unterscheidet sich Nordafrika (0,1 %) hinsichtlich des Anteils der Infizierten an der Gesamtbevölkerung (Prävalenz) deutlich von Subsahara-Afrika (4,8 %). (de) HIV/AIDS originated in Africa in the early 20th century and is a major public health concern and cause of death in many African countries. AIDS rates vary significantly between countries, though the majority of cases are concentrated in Southern Africa. Although the continent is home to about 15.2 percent of the world's population, more than two-thirds of the total infected worldwide – some 35 million people – were Africans, of whom 15 million have already died. Sub-Saharan Africa alone accounted for an estimated 69 percent of all people living with HIV and 70 percent of all AIDS deaths in 2011. In the countries of sub-Saharan Africa most affected, AIDS has raised death rates and lowered life expectancy among adults between the ages of 20 and 49 by about twenty years. Furthermore, the life (en) 아프리카에서 HIV/AIDS는 20세기 초부터 전염되기 시작하여 여러 아프리카 대륙의 국가에 가장 중요한 보건문제이자 사망 원인으로 취급받고 있다. 2021년 기준 아프리카의 HIV 감염자 수는 약 2000만명에 달한다. 아프리카 대륙의 전체적인 에이즈 발병률이 높긴 하지만 아프리카 내 대부분의 감염자가 남아프리카에 집중되어 있다. 아프리카 대륙에는 세계 인구의 15.2%만 살고 있지만, 전 세계 HIV 감염자의 2/3 이상인 약 3,500만명이 아프리카 대륙 사람이며, 이 중 1,500만명이 HIV 관련 질병으로 사망하였다. 사하라 이남 아프리카의 감염자들은 2011년 기준 전 세계 HIV 감염자의 약 69%와 모든 에이즈 사망자의 70%를 차지했다. 사하라 이남 아프리카에서는 에이즈의 영향을 크게 받아 에이즈만으로 사망률이 증가했으며 20세에서 49세 사이 성인의 기대수명이 20년 가까이 낮아졌다. 게다가 이 현상은 사하라 이남 아프리카에서만 국한되지 않고 아프리카 대륙의 많은 국가에도 번져 일부 국가에서는 HIV/AIDS 유행으로 기대 수명이 34세까지 내려가는 등 아프리카의 많은 국가에서 기대수명이 줄어드는 원인으로 꼽히고 있다. (ko) HIV/AIDS é um importante problema de saúde pública e causa milhões de mortes em muitas partes da África. Embora o continente seja o lar de cerca de 15,2 por cento da população do mundo, a África subsaariana sozinha respondeu por cerca de 69% de todas as pessoas que viviam com o HIV e 70% de todas as mortes causadas pela doença em 2011. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | HIV/AIDS in Africa (en) مرض الإيدز في أفريقيا (ar) HIV/AIDS v Africe (cs) HIV/AIDS in Afrika (de) VIH/sida en África (es) Incidence économique du sida en Afrique subsaharienne (fr) HIV/AIDS di Afrika (in) Diffusione dell'HIV/AIDS in Africa (it) 아프리카의 HIV/AIDS (ko) HIV/AIDS na África (pt) Hiv och aids i Afrika (sv) |
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