History of Unix (original) (raw)

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Die Geschichte von Unix nahm ihren Anfang im Jahr 1965, als im Rahmen der „Fall Joint Computer Conference“ einige Aufsätze über ein neu zu erstellendes Betriebssystem namens „Multics“ veröffentlicht wurden. Multics scheiterte zwar, aber viele der Konzepte wurden später für das Betriebssystem Unix übernommen, das daraufhin in zahllosen Derivaten weiterentwickelt wurde.

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dbo:abstract Die Geschichte von Unix nahm ihren Anfang im Jahr 1965, als im Rahmen der „Fall Joint Computer Conference“ einige Aufsätze über ein neu zu erstellendes Betriebssystem namens „Multics“ veröffentlicht wurden. Multics scheiterte zwar, aber viele der Konzepte wurden später für das Betriebssystem Unix übernommen, das daraufhin in zahllosen Derivaten weiterentwickelt wurde. (de) The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe.Multics introduced many innovations, but also had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not its aims, slowly pulled out of the project. Their last researchers to leave Multics – among them Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna – decided to redo the work, but on a much smaller scale. In 1979, Ritchie described the group's vision for Unix: What we wanted to preserve was not just a good environment in which to do programming, but a system around which a fellowship could form. We knew from experience that the essence of communal computing, as supplied by remote-access, time-shared machines, is not just to type programs into a terminal instead of a keypunch, but to encourage close communication. (en) La storia di Unix risale alla mentà degli anni '60, quando il Massachusetts Institute of Technology, i Bell Laboratories di AT&T e General Electric stavano cercando di sviluppare congiuntamente un sistema operativo sperimentale a ripartizione di tempo, chiamato Multics, per il GE-645. Questo sistema introdusse molte innovazioni al costo di molti problemi, dunque i Bell Laboratories, frustrati dalla dimensione e dalla complessità del risultato, si tirarono indietro. I loro ultimi ricercatori a lasciare Multics, tra gli altri Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Mcilroy e Joe Oscanna, decisero di ripartire da zero in scala molto più piccola. (it) UNIXの歴史は、1960年代中ごろに、マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)、ベル研究所、General Electric(GE)がGEのメインフレームコンピュータ用にMulticsと呼ばれるタイムシェアリングシステムを共同開発していたことにさかのぼる。Multicsは多くの革新的技術を導入したが、同時に、多くの問題を抱えてもいた。Multics の目指すものに賛同しても、巨大で複雑なものになっていくことに嫌気がさしたベル研究所は、プロジェクトから徐々に距離をおくようになった。 最後までMulticsに関与して いたケン・トンプソン等はファイルシステムを担当していたが、設計が行われただけで実装はなされていない段階であった。トンプソン等は、実際にファイルシステムを実装してみたいと考えた。この作業は、当時ベル研究所内に使われない状態でおいてあったPDP-7を借りて行われた。ファイルシステムが完成すると、それを活用するためのユーティリティを作成していった。こうして、おおむねOSの機能を有するものができあがった。これがUNIXの原型となった。 (ja) Unix jest przenośnym systemem operacyjnym na wiele architektur komputerowych i mający wiele odmian i modyfikacji. Więcej: Unix. (pl)
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dbp:caption Evolution of Unix and Unix-like systems (en)
dbp:developer Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs (en)
dbp:family Unix (en)
dbp:frequentlyUpdated yes (en)
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dbp:language English (en)
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dbp:name dbr:Unix
dbp:programmedIn C and Assembly language (en)
dbp:screenshot Unix_history-simple.svg (en)
dbp:sourceModel Historically closed source, now some Unix projects are open sourced. (en)
dbp:ui Command-line interface & Graphical (en)
dbp:website http://opengroup.org/unix
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rdfs:comment Die Geschichte von Unix nahm ihren Anfang im Jahr 1965, als im Rahmen der „Fall Joint Computer Conference“ einige Aufsätze über ein neu zu erstellendes Betriebssystem namens „Multics“ veröffentlicht wurden. Multics scheiterte zwar, aber viele der Konzepte wurden später für das Betriebssystem Unix übernommen, das daraufhin in zahllosen Derivaten weiterentwickelt wurde. (de) La storia di Unix risale alla mentà degli anni '60, quando il Massachusetts Institute of Technology, i Bell Laboratories di AT&T e General Electric stavano cercando di sviluppare congiuntamente un sistema operativo sperimentale a ripartizione di tempo, chiamato Multics, per il GE-645. Questo sistema introdusse molte innovazioni al costo di molti problemi, dunque i Bell Laboratories, frustrati dalla dimensione e dalla complessità del risultato, si tirarono indietro. I loro ultimi ricercatori a lasciare Multics, tra gli altri Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Mcilroy e Joe Oscanna, decisero di ripartire da zero in scala molto più piccola. (it) UNIXの歴史は、1960年代中ごろに、マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)、ベル研究所、General Electric(GE)がGEのメインフレームコンピュータ用にMulticsと呼ばれるタイムシェアリングシステムを共同開発していたことにさかのぼる。Multicsは多くの革新的技術を導入したが、同時に、多くの問題を抱えてもいた。Multics の目指すものに賛同しても、巨大で複雑なものになっていくことに嫌気がさしたベル研究所は、プロジェクトから徐々に距離をおくようになった。 最後までMulticsに関与して いたケン・トンプソン等はファイルシステムを担当していたが、設計が行われただけで実装はなされていない段階であった。トンプソン等は、実際にファイルシステムを実装してみたいと考えた。この作業は、当時ベル研究所内に使われない状態でおいてあったPDP-7を借りて行われた。ファイルシステムが完成すると、それを活用するためのユーティリティを作成していった。こうして、おおむねOSの機能を有するものができあがった。これがUNIXの原型となった。 (ja) Unix jest przenośnym systemem operacyjnym na wiele architektur komputerowych i mający wiele odmian i modyfikacji. Więcej: Unix. (pl) The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe.Multics introduced many innovations, but also had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not its aims, slowly pulled out of the project. Their last researchers to leave Multics – among them Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna – decided to redo the work, but on a much smaller scale. (en)
rdfs:label Geschichte von Unix (de) History of Unix (en) Storia di Unix (it) Unixの歴史 (ja) Historia systemu operacyjnego Unix (pl)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:SCO-Linux_controversies
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