Housing in Scotland (original) (raw)
Housing in Scotland includes all forms of built habitation in what is now Scotland, from the earliest period of human occupation to the present day. The oldest house in Scotland dates from the Mesolithic era. In the Neolithic era settled farming led to the construction of the first stone houses. There is also evidence from this period of large timber halls. In the Bronze Age there were cellular round crannogs (built on artificial islands) and hillforts that enclosed large settlements. In the Iron Age cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. The largest constructions that date from this era are the circular brochs and duns and wheelhouses.
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| dbo:abstract | Housing in Scotland includes all forms of built habitation in what is now Scotland, from the earliest period of human occupation to the present day. The oldest house in Scotland dates from the Mesolithic era. In the Neolithic era settled farming led to the construction of the first stone houses. There is also evidence from this period of large timber halls. In the Bronze Age there were cellular round crannogs (built on artificial islands) and hillforts that enclosed large settlements. In the Iron Age cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. The largest constructions that date from this era are the circular brochs and duns and wheelhouses. After the First World War, the government responded to urban deprivation with a massive programme of council house building. Many were on greenfield sites of semi-detached homes or terraced cottages. In the 1930s, schemes tended to be more cheaply built, but a survey of 1936 found that almost half of Scotland's houses were still inadequate. There was also extensive private building of sub-urban "bungalow belts", particularly around Edinburgh. From the mid-twentieth century, public architecture became more utilitarian, as part of the impulse to produce a comprehensive welfare state and the influence of modernism. As the post-war desire for urban regeneration gained momentum it would focus on the tower block. Another solution adopted in Scotland was the building of new towns like Glenrothes and Cumbernauld. Initially praised, they were receiving heavy criticism by the twenty-first century. The creation of Scottish Homes in 1989 increased the stock of private housing and reducing the role of the state sector and the direction of planning by local authorities. The 1980s saw the growth of speculative house building by developers, many introducing English brick and half-timbered vernacular styles to Scotland. Sales of council houses were also popular. There have been increasing attempts to preserve much of what survives from Scotland's architectural heritage and programmes of urban regeneration resulting in a return of resident populations to major urban centres. By 2011, there were 2.37 million households, of which over sixty per cent were owner occupied. The number of single occupied households increased since 2001, largely accounting for an increase in the number of households. The devolved Scottish government took a distinct perspective on homelessness, making accommodation a right for the voluntarily homeless. (en) Le logement en Écosse comprend toutes les formes d'habitations construites dans ce qui est aujourd'hui l'Écosse, depuis la première période d'occupation humaine jusqu'à nos jours. La plus ancienne maison d'Écosse date du Mésolithique. Au Néolithique, l'agriculture sédentaire a conduit à la construction des premières maisons en pierre. Il existe également des preuves de cette période de grandes . À l'âge du bronze, il y avait des crannogs ronds cellulaires (construits sur des îles artificielles) et des forts qui entouraient de grandes colonies. À l'âge du fer, les maisons cellulaires commencent à être remplacées sur les îles du Nord par de simples bâtiments circulaires avec une construction en pierre de taille. Les plus grandes constructions qui datent de cette époque sont les brochs et les duns circulaires et les timoneries. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, le gouvernement a répondu à la privation urbaine avec un vaste programme de construction de sociaux. Beaucoup se trouvaient sur de maisons jumelées ou de chalets mitoyens . Dans les années 1930, les projets avaient tendance à être construits à moindre coût, mais une enquête de 1936 a révélé que près de la moitié des maisons écossaises étaient encore inadéquates. Il y avait également un vaste bâtiment privé de «ceintures de bungalows » suburbains, en particulier autour d'Édimbourg. À partir du milieu du XXe siècle, l'architecture publique est devenue plus utilitaire, dans le cadre de l'impulsion à produire un État-providence complet et l'influence du modernisme . Au fur et à mesure que le désir de régénération urbaine de l'après-guerre prend de l'ampleur, il se concentre sur le bloc tour . Une autre solution adoptée en Écosse a été la construction de nouvelles villes comme Glenrothes et Cumbernauld . D'abord loués, ils ont été fortement critiqués au XXIe siècle. La création de en 1989 a augmenté le stock de logements privés et réduit le rôle du secteur public et l'orientation de la planification par les autorités locales. Les années 1980 ont vu la croissance de la construction de maisons spéculatives par les développeurs, beaucoup introduisant des styles vernaculaires anglais en briques et à colombages en Écosse. Les ventes de maisons communales étaient également populaires en Écosse. Il y a eu de plus en plus de tentatives pour préserver une grande partie de ce qui subsiste du patrimoine architectural écossais et des programmes de régénération urbaine, ce qui a entraîné le retour des populations résidentes dans les principaux centres urbains. En 2011, il y avait 2,37 millions de ménages dont plus de 60% étaient occupés par leur propriétaire. Le nombre de ménages monoparentaux occupés a augmenté depuis 2001, ce qui explique en grande partie l'augmentation du nombre de ménages. Le gouvernement écossais décentralisé a adopté une perspective distincte sur le sans-abrisme, faisant du logement un droit pour les sans-abri volontaires. (fr) |
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| rdfs:comment | Housing in Scotland includes all forms of built habitation in what is now Scotland, from the earliest period of human occupation to the present day. The oldest house in Scotland dates from the Mesolithic era. In the Neolithic era settled farming led to the construction of the first stone houses. There is also evidence from this period of large timber halls. In the Bronze Age there were cellular round crannogs (built on artificial islands) and hillforts that enclosed large settlements. In the Iron Age cellular houses begin to be replaced on the northern isles by simple Atlantic roundhouses, substantial circular buildings with a drystone construction. The largest constructions that date from this era are the circular brochs and duns and wheelhouses. (en) Le logement en Écosse comprend toutes les formes d'habitations construites dans ce qui est aujourd'hui l'Écosse, depuis la première période d'occupation humaine jusqu'à nos jours. La plus ancienne maison d'Écosse date du Mésolithique. Au Néolithique, l'agriculture sédentaire a conduit à la construction des premières maisons en pierre. Il existe également des preuves de cette période de grandes . À l'âge du bronze, il y avait des crannogs ronds cellulaires (construits sur des îles artificielles) et des forts qui entouraient de grandes colonies. À l'âge du fer, les maisons cellulaires commencent à être remplacées sur les îles du Nord par de simples bâtiments circulaires avec une construction en pierre de taille. Les plus grandes constructions qui datent de cette époque sont les brochs et le (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Housing in Scotland (en) Logement en Écosse (fr) |
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