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Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25. června 1827, Londýn, Anglie – 29. ledna 1896, Londýn, Anglie) byl britský státník druhé poloviny 19. století. Po mládí stráveném v Austrálii patřil k vlivným poslancům Dolní sněmovny za Liberální stranu. V různých funkcích byl členem několika vlád, byl ministrem námořnictva (1868–1871), války (1880–1882), financí (1882–1885) a vnitra (1886). (cs) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers PC (* 25. Juni 1827 in London; † 29. Januar 1896 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker. (de) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25 June 1827 – 29 January 1896) was a British Liberal statesman of the nineteenth century. He is perhaps best known for his reform efforts at the Admiralty and the War Office. Later in his career, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, his attempt to correct a budget shortfall led to the fall of the Liberal government led by William Gladstone. (en) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25 juin 1827-29 janvier 1896) est un homme politique libéral britannique du XIXe siècle. Il est peut-être surtout connu pour ses efforts de réforme à l'Amirauté et au War Office. Plus tard dans sa carrière, en tant que chancelier de l'Échiquier, sa tentative de corriger un déficit budgétaire mène à la chute du gouvernement libéral dirigé par William Ewart Gladstone. (fr) ヒュー・カリング・アードレイ・チルダース（英語: Hugh Culling Eardley Childers、FRS、PC、1827年6月25日 - 1896年1月29日）は、イギリス及びオーストラリアの政治家。 オーストラリアの政界で活躍した後、イギリスの政界に転じた。自由党に所属して、ヴィクトリア朝の自由党政権で閣僚職を歴任した。 (ja) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (ur. 25 czerwca 1827 w Londynie, zm. 29 stycznia 1896) – brytyjski polityk, członek Partii Liberalnej, minister w rządach Williama Ewarta Gladstone’a. Kształcił się zarówno w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim, jak i w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. Tę ostatnią uczelnię ukończył w 1850 r. Następnie wyjechał do australijskiego kolonii Wiktoria, gdzie został inspektorem ds. szkół i emigracji. W 1852 r. złożył projekt ustawy powołującej do życia drugi uniwersytet w kolonii – Uniwersytet Melbourne. Childers został jego pierwszym wicekanclerzem. Pozostał na tym stanowisku do marca 1857 r., kiedy to powrócił do Wielkiej Brytanii. W 1860 r. został wybrany do Izby Gmin jako reprezentant okręgu Pontefract. W 1864 r. został cywilnym lordem Admiralicji. W latach 1865–1866 był finansowym sekretarzem skarbu. W 1868 r. otrzymał stanowisko pierwszego lorda Admiralicji. Na tym stanowisku zyskał opinię człowieka ciężko pracującego, ale autokratycznego i nienadającego się do tej funkcji. Dążył do redukcji kosztów utrzymania floty oraz zmniejszenia jej personelu. Ograniczył znaczenie Rady Admiralicji. Działaniom Childersa opinia publiczna przypisała winę za zatonięcie , który zatonął we wrześniu 1870 r. z powodu wad konstrukcyjnych. Childers próbował się bronić i obciążał winą trzeciego lorda i kontrolera floty, sir . Ostatecznie jednak w marcu 1871 r. podał się do dymisji z powodu złego stanu zdrowia. Po rezygnacji wyjechał na kontynent europejski, ale powrócił po kilku miesiącach i w 1872 r. został Kanclerzem Księstwa Lancaster i Paymaster-General. Pozostał na tych stanowiskach do 1873 r. Po powrocie Partii Liberalnej do władzy w 1880 r. został ministrem wojny. Prowadził na tym stanowisku politykę cięć w wydatkach na utrzymanie armii, co wzbudzało liczne kontrowersje, jako że w tym czasie Wielka Brytania toczyła I wojnę burską, a w 1882 r. dokonała inwazji na Egipt. W 1881 r. przeprowadził reformę armii, zmieniając organizację pułków piechoty oraz ujednolicając umundurowanie. W 1882 r. został kanclerzem skarbu. W 1885 r. przedstawił projekt budżetu, w którym znalazły się plany podniesienia podatku dochodowego i akcyzy od alkoholi. Projekt budżetu został odrzucony przez parlament w wyniku czego gabinet podał się do dymisji. W grudniowych wyborach 1885 r. Childers utracił miejsce w parlamencie. W styczniu 1886 r. powrócił jednak do Izby Gmin, wygrywając wybory uzupełniające w okręgu Edinburgh South. Przez kilka miesięcy 1886 r. był ministrem spraw wewnętrznych w czasie, kiedy rząd Gladstone’a przedstawiał pierwszą Home Rule Bill. Na skutek nalegań Childersa, który groził rezygnacją, usunięto z projektu przepisy finansowe. Projekt ustawy został jednak odrzucony przez parlament i rząd podał się do dymisji. Childers zasiadał w Izbie Gmin do 1892 r. Jego ostatnim publicznym stanowiskiem był funkcja przewodniczącego królewskiej komisji irlandzkich spraw finansowych. Zmarł w 1896 r. (pl) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers, född 25 juni 1827 och död 29 januari 1896, var en brittisk politiker. Childers föddes i London och utbildade sig i Cambridge. 1850 utvandrade han till Australien, bosatte sig i Melbourne, där han fick diverse uppdrag. Han tog där initiativet till skapandet av Melbournes universitet och blev dess förste vicekansler. En tid var han medlem av kolonin Victorias lagstiftande församling och av dess första regering, där han administrerade handel och tullväsen. Han fick 1857 i uppdrag att representera Victoria i moderlandet som agentgeneral, och återvände därför till Storbritannien, där han 1860 blev liberal ledamot av underhuset. 1865-66 var han finanssekreterare i Russels ministär. Som förste amiralitetslord i William Ewart Gladstones regering 1868-71 genomförde han flera förbättringar och besparingar. Childers hade sedan flera uppdrag i Gladstones ministärer och måste som statssekreterare för krigsväsendet ansvara för den militära administrationen under kriget mot Transvaal (1881) och Egypten (1882). 1882-85 var Childers Gladstones finansminister. Det var öl- och spritskatten i Childers budget, som blev orsaken till Gladstones fall i juni 1885. Childers stod troget vid Gladstones sida i den irländska frågan, och då denne bildade sin tredje ministär 1886, blev Childers inrikesminister. 1892 lämnade han parlamentet. (sv) Хью Чайлдерс (англ. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers; 25 июня 1827, Лондон — 29 января 1896, Лондон) — британский политический деятель. Двоюродный брат писателя Эрскина Чайлдерса. (ru) |
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Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25. června 1827, Londýn, Anglie – 29. ledna 1896, Londýn, Anglie) byl britský státník druhé poloviny 19. století. Po mládí stráveném v Austrálii patřil k vlivným poslancům Dolní sněmovny za Liberální stranu. V různých funkcích byl členem několika vlád, byl ministrem námořnictva (1868–1871), války (1880–1882), financí (1882–1885) a vnitra (1886). (cs) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers PC (* 25. Juni 1827 in London; † 29. Januar 1896 ebenda) war ein britischer Politiker. (de) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25 June 1827 – 29 January 1896) was a British Liberal statesman of the nineteenth century. He is perhaps best known for his reform efforts at the Admiralty and the War Office. Later in his career, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, his attempt to correct a budget shortfall led to the fall of the Liberal government led by William Gladstone. (en) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (25 juin 1827-29 janvier 1896) est un homme politique libéral britannique du XIXe siècle. Il est peut-être surtout connu pour ses efforts de réforme à l'Amirauté et au War Office. Plus tard dans sa carrière, en tant que chancelier de l'Échiquier, sa tentative de corriger un déficit budgétaire mène à la chute du gouvernement libéral dirigé par William Ewart Gladstone. (fr) ヒュー・カリング・アードレイ・チルダース（英語: Hugh Culling Eardley Childers、FRS、PC、1827年6月25日 - 1896年1月29日）は、イギリス及びオーストラリアの政治家。 オーストラリアの政界で活躍した後、イギリスの政界に転じた。自由党に所属して、ヴィクトリア朝の自由党政権で閣僚職を歴任した。 (ja) Хью Чайлдерс (англ. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers; 25 июня 1827, Лондон — 29 января 1896, Лондон) — британский политический деятель. Двоюродный брат писателя Эрскина Чайлдерса. (ru) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (ur. 25 czerwca 1827 w Londynie, zm. 29 stycznia 1896) – brytyjski polityk, członek Partii Liberalnej, minister w rządach Williama Ewarta Gladstone’a. Kształcił się zarówno w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim, jak i w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. Tę ostatnią uczelnię ukończył w 1850 r. Następnie wyjechał do australijskiego kolonii Wiktoria, gdzie został inspektorem ds. szkół i emigracji. W 1852 r. złożył projekt ustawy powołującej do życia drugi uniwersytet w kolonii – Uniwersytet Melbourne. Childers został jego pierwszym wicekanclerzem. Pozostał na tym stanowisku do marca 1857 r., kiedy to powrócił do Wielkiej Brytanii. (pl) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers, född 25 juni 1827 och död 29 januari 1896, var en brittisk politiker. Childers föddes i London och utbildade sig i Cambridge. 1850 utvandrade han till Australien, bosatte sig i Melbourne, där han fick diverse uppdrag. Han tog där initiativet till skapandet av Melbournes universitet och blev dess förste vicekansler. En tid var han medlem av kolonin Victorias lagstiftande församling och av dess första regering, där han administrerade handel och tullväsen. Han fick 1857 i uppdrag att representera Victoria i moderlandet som agentgeneral, och återvände därför till Storbritannien, där han 1860 blev liberal ledamot av underhuset. 1865-66 var han finanssekreterare i Russels ministär. Som förste amiralitetslord i William Ewart Gladstones regering 1868-71 genomförde ha (sv) |
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Hugh Childers (cs) Hugh Childers (de) Hugh Childers (en) Hugh Childers (fr) ヒュー・チルダース (ja) Hugh Childers (pl) Hugh Childers (sv) Чайлдерс, Хью (ru) |
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