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Spencer Cavendish, 8. vévoda z Devonshiru (Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, 8th Marquess of Hartington, 11th Earl of Devonshire, 3rd Earl of Burlington, 11th Baron Cavendish of Hardwick, 3rd Baron Cavendish of Keighley) (23. července 1833, Londýn, Anglie – 24. března 1908, Cannes, Francie) byl britský státník ze šlechtického rodu Cavendishů. Dlouhodobě patřil k předákům liberálů, později spolu s Josephem Chamberlainem založil frakci liberálních unionistů, která se připojila ke konzervativcům. V několika vládách byl ministrem pro Indii, ministrem války, prezidentem Tajné rady a ministrem školství. Celkem třikrát odmítl nabídku na funkci premiéra. Patřil k nejbohatším šlechticům v Británii a vlastnil pozemky v několika anglických hrabstvích a Irsku o rozloze přibližně 80 000 hektarů půdy. Jako osmý vévoda z Devonshire byl od roku 1891 členem Sněmovny lordů, byl též rytířem Podvazkového řádu. (cs) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8. Duke of Devonshire KG, GCVO, PC, FRS (* 23. Juli 1833 in , Lancashire; † 24. März 1908 in Cannes) war ein britischer Adliger und Politiker. (de) Spencer Compton Cavendish, né le 23 juillet 1833 à Londres et décédé le 24 mars 1908 à Cannes, 8e duc de Devonshire, est un homme politique britannique. (fr) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC, PC (Ire), FRS (23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908), styled Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1834 and 1858 and Marquess of Hartington between 1858 and 1891, was a British statesman. He has the distinction of having held leading positions in three political parties: leading the Liberal Party, the Liberal Unionist Party and the Conservative Party in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. After 1886 he increasingly voted with the Conservatives. He declined to become prime minister on three occasions, because the circumstances were never right. Historian and politician Roy Jenkins said he was "too easy-going and too little of a party man." He held some passions, but he rarely displayed them regarding the most controversial issues of the day. (en) 第8代デヴォンシャー公爵スペンサー・キャヴェンディッシュ（英: Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC, , 1833年7月23日 - 1908年3月24日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 ヴィクトリア朝期の自由党政権で閣僚職を歴任し、1875年から1880年にかけては一時的に引退したウィリアム・グラッドストンに代わって自由党党首を務めた。1886年にグラッドストン首相のアイルランド自治の方針に反対して自由党を離党し、ジョゼフ・チェンバレンとともに自由統一党を結成し、その党首となる。同党は後に保守党と連立した。保守党政権下でも閣僚職を歴任した。 1834年から1858年まではキャヴェンディッシュ卿（Lord Cavendish）、1858年から1891年まではハーティントン侯爵（Marquess of Hartington）の儀礼称号を使用した。 (ja) Spencer Rodberth Cavendish, VIII duca di Devonshire (Cannes, 23 luglio 1833 – Whitehall, 24 marzo 1908), è stato un nobile e politico britannico appartenente al partito Whig. (it) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8. książę Devonshire KG, GCVO (ur. 23 lipca 1833 w Holker Hall w hrabstwie Lancashire, zm. 24 marca 1908 w Hotelu Metropol w Cannes) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, członek Partii Liberalnej i , minister w rządach lorda Russella, Williama Ewarta Gladstone’a, lorda Salisbury’ego i Arthura Balfoura. Był najstarszym synem , i lady Blanche Howard, córki 6. hrabiego Carlisle. Od 1858 r. nosił tytuł grzecznościowy markiza Hartington. Wykształcenie odebrał w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. W 1857 r. został wybrany do Izby Gmin jako liberalny reprezentant okręgu North Lancashire. Miejsce w parlamencie utracił w 1868 r. W 1869 r. wygrał jednak wybory uzupełniające w okręgu Radnor. W 1880 r. zmienił okręg na North East Lancashire, a od 1885 r. reprezentował okręg wyborczy Rossendale. Pierwszym stanowiskiem Hartingtona w rządzie był urząd cywilnego lorda Admiralicji, który objął w marcu 1863 r. Już w kwietniu tego samego roku został podsekretarzem stanu w Ministerstwie Wojny. Od lutego do czerwca 1866 r. stał na czele tego resortu. Po powrocie Partii Liberalnej do władzy w 1868 r. został poczmistrzem generalnym. W latach 1871–1874 był Głównym Sekretarzem Irlandii. W latach 1875–1880 stał na czele liberałów w Izbie Gmin. Po wygranej liberałów w wyborach 1880 r. proponowano mu stanowisko premiera, ale Hartington odmówił. Premierem został Gladstone, który powierzył Hartingtonowi tekę ministra ds. Indii. W latach 1882–1885 ponownie był ministrem wojny. W tym czasie narastał spór między Gladstone’em a Hartingtonem na tle polityki irlandzkiej. Hartington sprzeciwiał się projektom przyznania Irlandii autonomii. Sprzeciw Hartingtona narastał od 1882 r., kiedy jego młodszy brat, , zginął w zamachu zorganizowanym przez irlandzkich nacjonalistów. W 1886 r. doszło do rozłamu w Partii Liberalnej na tle kwestii irlandzkiej. Hartington stanął na czele nowo utworzonej Partii Liberalno-Unionistycznej. Po wyborach 1886 r. ponownie odrzucił propozycję objęcia stanowiska premiera i poparł konserwatywny rząd lorda Salisbury’ego. W 1887 r. ponownie odmówił zostania premierem. Po śmierci ojca w 1891 r. odziedziczył tytuł 8. księcia Devonshire i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. W 1895 r. został Lordem Przewodniczącym Rady. W 1902 r. został ponadto przewodniczącym Izby Lordów. Z obu tych stanowisk zrezygnował w 1903 r. w wyniku sporu o kształt polityki gospodarczej rządu. Jego wieloletnią kochanką była kurtyzana . 16 sierpnia 1892 r. poślubił w Mayfair (15 czerwca 1832 – 15 lipca 1911), córkę Karla Franza Victora, grafa von Alten, i Hermine de Schminke, wdowę po . Małżonkowie nie mieli razem dzieci Książę Devonshire zmarł w 1908 r. na zapalenie płuc. Został pochowany 28 marca w Edensor w hrabstwie Derbyshire. Tytuł książęcy odziedziczył jego bratanek, Victor. (pl) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8:e hertig av Devonshire (kallad Lord Cavendish of Keighley mellan 1834 och 1858, markis av Hartington mellan 1858 och 1891), född 23 juli 1833, död i 24 mars 1908 i Cannes, var en brittisk politiker. (sv) Спенсер Копмтон Кавендиш, 8-й герцог Девонширский (англ. Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire; 23 июля 1833 — 24 марта 1908, Канны, Франция) — британский аристократ и пэр, английский государственный деятель. Маркиз Хартингтон с 1858 по 1891 годы. Герцог Девоншир с 1891 года. (ru) |
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https://web.archive.org/web/20071215114618/http:/www.liberalhistory.org.uk/item_single.php%3Fitem_id=11&item=biography&PHPSESSID=32f74420ec33 https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16545/1/Ferris%20Wesley%20.pdf https://archive.org/details/lifeofspencercom02holl https://archive.org/details/lifespencercompt01holl |
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Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8. Duke of Devonshire KG, GCVO, PC, FRS (* 23. Juli 1833 in , Lancashire; † 24. März 1908 in Cannes) war ein britischer Adliger und Politiker. (de) Spencer Compton Cavendish, né le 23 juillet 1833 à Londres et décédé le 24 mars 1908 à Cannes, 8e duc de Devonshire, est un homme politique britannique. (fr) 第8代デヴォンシャー公爵スペンサー・キャヴェンディッシュ（英: Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC, , 1833年7月23日 - 1908年3月24日）は、イギリスの政治家、貴族。 ヴィクトリア朝期の自由党政権で閣僚職を歴任し、1875年から1880年にかけては一時的に引退したウィリアム・グラッドストンに代わって自由党党首を務めた。1886年にグラッドストン首相のアイルランド自治の方針に反対して自由党を離党し、ジョゼフ・チェンバレンとともに自由統一党を結成し、その党首となる。同党は後に保守党と連立した。保守党政権下でも閣僚職を歴任した。 1834年から1858年まではキャヴェンディッシュ卿（Lord Cavendish）、1858年から1891年まではハーティントン侯爵（Marquess of Hartington）の儀礼称号を使用した。 (ja) Spencer Rodberth Cavendish, VIII duca di Devonshire (Cannes, 23 luglio 1833 – Whitehall, 24 marzo 1908), è stato un nobile e politico britannico appartenente al partito Whig. (it) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8:e hertig av Devonshire (kallad Lord Cavendish of Keighley mellan 1834 och 1858, markis av Hartington mellan 1858 och 1891), född 23 juli 1833, död i 24 mars 1908 i Cannes, var en brittisk politiker. (sv) Спенсер Копмтон Кавендиш, 8-й герцог Девонширский (англ. Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire; 23 июля 1833 — 24 марта 1908, Канны, Франция) — британский аристократ и пэр, английский государственный деятель. Маркиз Хартингтон с 1858 по 1891 годы. Герцог Девоншир с 1891 года. (ru) Spencer Cavendish, 8. vévoda z Devonshiru (Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, 8th Marquess of Hartington, 11th Earl of Devonshire, 3rd Earl of Burlington, 11th Baron Cavendish of Hardwick, 3rd Baron Cavendish of Keighley) (23. července 1833, Londýn, Anglie – 24. března 1908, Cannes, Francie) byl britský státník ze šlechtického rodu Cavendishů. Dlouhodobě patřil k předákům liberálů, později spolu s Josephem Chamberlainem založil frakci liberálních unionistů, která se připojila ke konzervativcům. V několika vládách byl ministrem pro Indii, ministrem války, prezidentem Tajné rady a ministrem školství. Celkem třikrát odmítl nabídku na funkci premiéra. Patřil k nejbohatším šlechticům v Británii a vlastnil pozemky v několika anglických hrabstvích a Irsku o rozloze přibližně 80 00 (cs) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC, PC (Ire), FRS (23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908), styled Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1834 and 1858 and Marquess of Hartington between 1858 and 1891, was a British statesman. He has the distinction of having held leading positions in three political parties: leading the Liberal Party, the Liberal Unionist Party and the Conservative Party in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. After 1886 he increasingly voted with the Conservatives. He declined to become prime minister on three occasions, because the circumstances were never right. Historian and politician Roy Jenkins said he was "too easy-going and too little of a party man." He held some passions, but he rarely displayed them regarding the most controversial (en) Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8. książę Devonshire KG, GCVO (ur. 23 lipca 1833 w Holker Hall w hrabstwie Lancashire, zm. 24 marca 1908 w Hotelu Metropol w Cannes) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, członek Partii Liberalnej i , minister w rządach lorda Russella, Williama Ewarta Gladstone’a, lorda Salisbury’ego i Arthura Balfoura. Był najstarszym synem , i lady Blanche Howard, córki 6. hrabiego Carlisle. Od 1858 r. nosił tytuł grzecznościowy markiza Hartington. Wykształcenie odebrał w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. (pl) |
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Spencer Cavendish, 8. vévoda z Devonshiru (cs) Spencer Cavendish, 8. Duke of Devonshire (de) Spencer Cavendish (8e duc de Devonshire) (fr) Spencer Cavendish, VIII duca di Devonshire (it) スペンサー・キャヴェンディッシュ (第8代デヴォンシャー公爵) (ja) Spencer Cavendish (pl) Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (en) Кавендиш, Спенсер, 8-й герцог Девонширский (ru) Spencer Cavendish, 8:e hertig av Devonshire (sv) |
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dbr:Blanche_Cavendish,_Countess_of_Burlington dbr:William_Cavendish,_7th_Duke_of_Devonshire |
| is dbp:leader of |
dbr:1880_United_Kingdom_general_election dbr:1880_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland dbr:1880_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland |
| is dbp:leader1Name of |
dbr:Liberal_Unionist_Party |
| is dbp:minister of |
dbr:Unionist_government,_1895–1905 |
| is dbp:owner of |
dbr:Diamond_Jubilee_(horse) |
| is dbp:predecessor of |
dbr:Benjamin_Disraeli dbr:John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley dbr:Jonathan_Peel dbr:Victor_Cavendish,_9th_Duke_of_Devonshire dbr:William_Monsell,_1st_Baron_Emly dbr:Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne dbr:James_Stansfeld dbr:Charles_Vane-Tempest-Stewart,_6th_Marquess_of_Londonderry |
| is dbp:spouse of |
dbr:Louisa_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Devonshire |
| is dbp:subject of |
dbr:Alfred_Drury |
| is dbp:successor of |
dbr:Hugh_Childers dbr:George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon dbr:James_Graham,_4th_Duke_of_Montrose dbr:Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery dbr:John_Eldon_Gorst |
| is dbp:with of |
dbr:Frederick_William_Grafton |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire |
